Anthu ambiri a Region Perm: zikuchokera mitundu ndi kuchuluka

Perm Kama - wapadera dera ulemu ethno-mitundu. Chiwerengero cha m'dera Perm mu mbiri yake kusanduka multiethnic kuyambira katswiri anthu ake ndi chosiyana ndi chinenero chiyambi, ndi pa miyambo ndi njira ya moyo. Chifukwa ndi chidwi kwambiri ethno-mitundu zovuta, wapadera Russia ndi zigawo zake palibe. Anthu ambiri a Perm Gawo asanabwere ake wamanga ubwenzi chinthu njira mtendere, panalibe nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

unzika

Mogwirizana kwa anthu m'dera lino nthawi zonse zinachitika mwachangu, mwa mbali khalidwe - mitundu ina yambiri ngongole chifukwa cha kukhudzana pafupi ndi anansi awo. Anthu ambiri a Region Perm wagwiritsa ntchito m'njira zambiri ndipo amakhala osiyana Chikoka - mpaka kuloŵerera mtheradi. M'magawo lalikulu ndipo tsopano pali oposa zana ndi makumi awiri mitundu, a magulu atatu zinenero: Finno-Ugric, Turkic, Asilavo. Izi anali ntchito ndi zifukwa zawo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Chifukwa Region Perm lili ndi anthu zikuchokera ethnically osiyanasiyana? Choyamba, chifukwa dera Kama wakhala mphambano mbiri anthu amene mwina zoyenda padziko mtsinje wa Kama, nthawi uwoloka mapiri a Ural pa njira Siberia, ku Ulaya, ndi mosemphanitsa - kuchokera ku Siberia chitukuko.

Pano ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kulankhula Russian Plain ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi nayonso ndi steppe zigawo Asia, komanso limati kum'mawa. Chiwerengero cha m'dera Perm, Perm Gawo zikukhazikitsa banki ya Kama mmbuyo mu masiku amenewo, pamene okha mtsinje ndi makhwawa ankatha kupita malonda yakale yoyendera. Kumene, izi ziri mphamvu zawo pa mapangidwe chotero zovuta zikuchokera dziko. Kale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi panali nzika mu Russian, Bashkir, Chitata, Mari, Udmurt ndi Komi-Permian ndi Mansi. The mbiri yakale kwambiri wotchedwa amene anapanga kuthetsa woyamba wa chigawo cha dera Perm Perm - ndi mafuko Permian, ayi - Zyrians amene ali makolo wa Komi-Perm ndi Komi-Zyrian, ndipo poyambirira anakhalapo kuno Ugra fuko - makolo a masiku ano Khanty ndi Mansi. Kenako, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mbiri modabwitsa dziko lathu kwachititsa pano nthumwi za mayiko ambiri.

Russian ndi Ukrainians

Anthu ochuluka kuposa apa mu zaka otsiriza zana anali Russian, ali pa mphindi oposa mamiliyoni awiri ndi theka kapena 85,2% ya chonse cha anthu a m'dera Perm. Atakhala wogawana pa ambiri a m'madera lolamuliridwa. Kuchotserapo okha Bardymsky ndi zigawo zisanu Komi-Perm Autonomous District, Russian pali 38,2 yekha%. Ambiri a Russian anthu mzinda wa Perm Krai. Malinga ndi m'tawuni chimapambana - 75,74%, malinga ndi 2017. Onse m'chigawo Perm ndi kunyumba kwa anthu 2.632.097 ndi osalimba wa anthu 16,43 pa kilometre lalikulu. Russian kudera - anabwera, iwo anayamba kukhazikika pano m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu, pamene Verkhnekamsk m'mayiko linakhala mbali ya dziko la Russia. Koposa zonse, iwo anapita kumpoto, ndipo iwo anali anthu wamba. Ndi kukula kwa malire kwa Russian kum'mawa woyamba katswiri m'dziko latsopano. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri apo chinapangidwa yaying'ono ndi okhwima m'dziko lonse gulu, amene anakhala m'gulu la mtundu Russian.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, chinakula kwambiri mzinda wa Perm Krai. Ambiri dera anakhala zoyandikana, ndi mafuko zikuchokera ndi ovuta kwambiri. Alendowa awa anayamba kufika ndi kumadera akutali kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1897 apo kale chogwiritsira anakakhala zana limodzi makumi asanu ndi anayi zisanu Ukrainians ndi chaka cha makumi awiri Mu zaka zapitazo, anthu akhala zambiri - pafupifupi zikwi. Anakakhala ku Okhansk Osa ndi zigawo, ndipo anabwera kuno chifukwa cha kusintha dziko Stolypin. Tsopano chiwerengero cha anthu a Ukraine dziko Perm Gawo anthu oposa khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi zikwi. Iwo amakhala pafupifupi m'mizinda yonse: Kizel, milomo, Gremyachinsk, Berezniki, Aleksandrovsk, ngati alipo ochepa a m'midziyi awa ndi Komi-Perm Autonomous District.

Belarusians ndi Zitsulo

Belarusians Choyamba kuno pambuyo Russian kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Poyamba anali zosakwana anthu makumi asanu ndi atatu, kuphatikizapo mbali yaikulu - mu chigawo Perm. Pa kusintha dziko, iwo zambiri mizu chiwerengero kumayambiriro kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri, kunali kale zoposa zikwi zitatu. Ambiri Belarusians - akumidzi anakhala nthawi yaying'ono, wosunga chinenero ndi miyambo ya moyo wonse. Tsopano iwo ali mu dera Perm wa asanu ndi theka zikwi, ndi Okhansk Osa ndi madera awo ndi otsika, aliyense anasamukira ku nsonga ya kumpoto, mu malo a mafakitale ndi ndalama. Ndipo makampani kusiyana mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo monga anthu a m'dera Perm kapena akanatero, sikunali kokwanira kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito imeneyi. Development ndi injini, ndipo petrochemical, mankhwala, mafuta kuyenga, nkhalango, zamkati ndi pepala, kupala matabwa ndi kusindikiza mafakitale.

Nawa waukulu akakhala ndi sanali akakhala zitsulo, komanso mafuta, malasha, potashi ndi mchere. Ntchito wakhala zambiri, ndipo tsopano wamphamvu anthu a m'dera Perm chikutanthauza temberero. Pamaso zitasintha, Perm kunali mzinda wotchuka akapolo ndale. Makamaka anthu ambiri ukapolo Zitsulo kunapezeka apa kuti m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mochedwa, pamene Poland anali mbali ya Russian Ufumu, anatenga gawo mu dziko kayendedwe kumasulidwa. Kalembera wa 1897 amaonetsa kuchuluka kwa chikwi ndi anthu ka chiyambi Polish. Perm wakhala kunyumba wachiwiri. Izo ziyenera kuti chiwerengero lawo pansi dera Kama kwa zaka zonsezi pafupifupi osati kuchuluka. Mu 1989, Zitsulo mu Perm Gawo mu 1183 anali anthu.

Komi

Komi-Permian, a Finno-Ugric anthu lokhalamo kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chiwiri, dziko lalikulu la malire chapamwamba za Kama Mtsinje. chinenero chawo ndi chiyambi ali pafupi Komi anthu ndi Udmurtia. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi Komi-Permian woyamba wa anthu a Urals limodzi ndi Russian State. osalimba a anthu a m'dera Perm m'masiku amenewo sanali mkulu. Ngati mu 1869 kalembera anasonyeza 62.130 Permian Komis tikukhala mu Kama beseni mu 1989 kunali kale anthu 123.371. Kuti fuko lino anali mtundu pachimake, kupangidwa mu 1925, chigwa National (kuyambira mu 1977 inasanduka kumbali-yekha). The m'tawuni ya m'dera Perm, iwo alibe kubwezeretsanso mwamsanga monga mafuko ena. Izo zinachitika kuti iwo anatenga ulamuliro pa chochitika cha chuma cha anthu ochokera Russian, ndi chifukwa ambiri a iwo amakhala kumidzi. Pakati pa yoyenda yokha Russian ndodo Finno-Ugric Komi-Permian ndi gawo apamwamba a anthu a Perm Krai - mu chigawo, iwo ayesedwe zoposa makumi asanu peresenti mu 1989. Tsopano manambala awo yafupika kwambiri, monga, ndithudi, ndi anthu onse a Russia. Mu 2002, 103.500 wa Komi-Perm, ndipo mu 2010 - 81 okha 000.

Amaona gawo la fuko la Komi-Perm Komi yazvintsy - Ndipotu dziko yosiyana. owayimilira akhazikika Solikamsk ndi Krasnovishersk malo, kumene mtsinje akuyamba Yazva Mtsinje. Iwo alibe chinenero, koma chilankhulidwe adasunga awo komanso umunthu wawo mtundu. Chikhalidwe ndi dera kulunjika komanso chimasiyanitsa iwo nawo. ndi anthu a m'dera Perm sizikanakhala amanyadira mizu awo, chiyambi chawo ndi chotani? Kumene, apa pali kuloŵerera, nthawi zina mpaka kutha khalidwe mbali mitundu, koma si anthu onse zapita njira mpaka kumapeto. Ngakhale mfundo yakuti panopa pali anthu ziwiri zokha zikwi, magwero a Komi-yazvintsy mtengo kwambiri.

Muncie ndi Udmurt

Mansi mtundu anatuluka m'zaka za chakhumi, kum'mawa kwa dera Kama - mu Urals lapansi. Pambuyo pa zaka akhumi yakhala ranges angapo Prikamye - Cherdynsky ndi Kungurskye zigawo. Pontho yaying'ono Mansi ankakhala malire chapamwamba za Vishera mtsinje ndi Chusovaya mtsinje. chiwerengero cha anthu Mansi unkagwiritsidwa kokha mwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, kuyambira kalembera woyamba kudera anali mu 1795. Ndiyeno panali pang'ono anthu oposa mazana awiri. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ambiri a iwo asamuka Urals, mu Verkhotursky County, Mtsinje Lozvy. Tsopano Mansi pafupifupi mbisoweka m'dera Perm. M'madera osiyana wa 1989 ife anayesedwa twente-sikisi okha, ndipo mu 2002 anakhala pang'ono - sate wani.

Udmurt Zakamye anafika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo anakakhala pa mtsinje buoy. Monga iwo nthawi zonse anali achikunja, iwo anali ndi nthawi yovuta m'dera Kama. Iwo anayamba inchurching, cholimbikitsa kuponderezana ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo Udmurt makolo anapulumutsidwa. chilankhulo chawo amakhala ndi anachronisms ambiri, koma pa chikhalidwe mitundu overlapped makhalidwe ambiri, panali zambiri sankakhala. chilengedwe azikhalidwe sakanakhoza bwanji, makamaka ngati anthu Russian wakhala adalakika. Udmurt amakhulupirira kuti njira mwagwirizana simungathe koma matanthauzo kopindulitsa, koma nambala zodabwitsa za zinthu zoweta miyambo, chipembedzo anatha kupulumutsa ku nthawi yakale kwambiri. Mu 1989, ku dera Perm anakhalako zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu zikwi Udmurt, n'zochepa kwambiri kuposa gawo limodzi la chonse cha anthu. Yaying'ono - mu mbiri chigawo Kuedinsky gulu pafupifupi zikwi zisanu ndi anthu (peresenti khumi alionse a anthu a m'dera). Tsiku ndi tsiku, kulankhula chinenero ndi kuphunzira mu masukulu, ubwenzi chikhalidwe Udmurtia - kwawo mbiri - kukhalabe pafupi. Malinga ndi 2010 kalembera ali m'dera Perm panali anthu oposa zikwi makumi awiri.

Mari

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi kum'mwera kwa Region Perm mu Suksunsky District, pa Sylva Mtsinje, anakakhala Mari. Mu masiku amenewo, Middle Volga, kumene tsopano ndi Republic of Mari El sanabadwe sanachedwe kuvomereza Russia, koma Mari kenako anasamukira ku kum'mwera Kama. mtundu uwu wa gulu kum'mawa kwa Mari anthu, ndipo pambuyo kusamuka, iwo anali kudziŵika kuti Permian Mari. Oimira moyo osati kuno komanso dera Sverdlovsk ndi Bashkortostan. chilankhulo chawo cha ponseponse zolembalemba wa onse a Mari si wosiyana, mu njira yomweyo Iye adatuluka dambo chinenero.

M'dera Perm chiwerengero cha nzika Mari yaing'ono, 0.2 okha% ya anthu, umene uli pafupi asanu ndi theka anthu zikwi mu 1989. Tsopano, makamakanso - zoposa zikwi zinayi. Yaying'ono, yakhala Kuedinsky, Chernushinsky, October, ndi Kishertsky Suksunsky District. Iwo anali mwambo wa Mari anthu, amene kumaonekera mwa unsembe wa kavalidwe, mu khalidwe maholide achipembedzo kunyumba ntchito m'chinenero chawo.

anthu Turkic

Chitata kupanga gulu lalikulu kwambiri anthu zakwawoko wa Kama. Pamene adagwa ndi Khanate wa Kazan, Volga Chitata anathamangira akhalemo Kumwera Kama. Ndende waukulu wa iwo mitsinje Tulve, Sylva, Iren ndi madera onse ozungulira. Kuti agwirizane kudera Volga ndi wa Chitata a Siberia, amene asamuka kale kwambiri pa dziko lino. Perm Chitata ndi sakanikira kwambiri. Akatswiri Kupititsa kuzindikiridwa magulu angapo mitundu: Bashkirs tulvinskie, ndi mullinskie sylvensko-irenskie Chitata. Pa chiyambi cha nineties zaka mazana makumi awiri anakhala zaka zana ndi makumi asanu zikwi zisanu zana anthu m'dera Perm, amene ali pafupifupi zisanu peresenti ya chonse cha anthu. Anakakhala pa khumi ndi gawo yaying'ono derali. Choyamba - m'mizinda. Iwo Gremyachinsk, Kizel, Lysva, Chusovoy. Chitata komanso amakhala m'madera - Chernushinsky, Uinskoye, Suksun, Perm, Ohrid, October, Kungur ndi Kuedinsky. M'chigawo Oktyabrsky Mwachitsanzo, Chitata mlandu pafupifupi makumi atatu peresenti ya anthu.

Bashkirs anabwera ku mayiko amenewa m'ma chakhumi ndi chitatu kukhala mbali ya mabanja angapo n'kukakhala Osa ndi Bardymsky m'madera anapanga gulu yaying'ono ndi mwachangu anaphatikizana m'deralo Finno-Ugric wakale anthu. Madera a m'dera Perm, kumene anakakhala anthu Turkic zinasungidwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Zimachitika pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kunali kwakukulu, ndipo anthu Choncho mwangwiro Bashkir kunadetsa yafupika. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma makumi awiri, Bashkirs ambiri zinafa kutchulidwa mitundu abwino. Chitata chikoka mwa chikhalidwe ndi chinenero anawatsogolera ponena okha ku Chitata. Awerenge kale satchula chithunzi chake cholondola. Ngakhale mu 1989 anthu zikwi makumi atatu pa kalembera anadzitcha Bashkirs, ndi chinenero - Chitata. Chiwerengero cha Russia mofulumira zimachepa. Mu 1989, Bashkirs m'dera Perm anali anthu makumi asanu ndi awiri zikwi, ndi kalembera wa 2010 anamuonetsa cabe makumi awiri zochulukitsa zikwi.

Komanso

Chuvash anayamba kusamukira ku dera Perm m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri kuchokera m'midzi yosiyanasiyana ya Chuvashia, chifukwa pali unkachitika mopanikizana ndi kusowa kwa dziko, nkhalango ndi madambo. Yoweyula chachiwiri cha kusamuka wapita ku makumi asanu ndi. Mu Mipingo mochedwa Chuvash anali pafupifupi khumi zikwi, ndi mu 2010 - anayi okha. Ngakhale kwambiri kukhala kudera Perm wa ku Germany - kuposa zikwi khumi ndi zisanu Komanso iwo anakakhala pano mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Pa chiyambi cha makumi awiri panali za mazana khumi ndi asanu ndi kuthamangitsidwa anawonjezera koma anthu oposa zikwi makumi anayi pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Ambiri mwa - kuchokera kudera Volga. Ndipo nkhondo itatha, dziko la Germany mwanjira mofunitsitsa kuthetsa m'madera awa kumpoto. Tsopano, kumene pafupifupi onse anachoka kwawo mbiri. Mu 2010, iwo anali ngati zikwi zisanu.

Ayuda anafika Kama ku Belarus mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, Nicholas ndinapatsa iwo kumtunda kuno "kwa wofooka wa Kwawokhawokha." Mu 1864 mu Perm panali pafupi makumi asanu mabanja. Iwo anali amisiri, madokotala, mankhwala, akatswiri, oimba, ndi chiyambi cha mzaka zana makumi awiri anzeru Permian. Kale mu 1896 yekha mu Perm anali za anthu zikwi. Mu 1920 - zitatu ndi theka zikwi. Mu 1989 - zisanu ndi theka zikwi. Kenako funde la emigration kwa 2002 kalembera anasonyeza 2.6 Ayuda zikwi m'dera Perm. Komanso m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi panali pano ndi Caucasians. Ndiyeno panali, ndithudi, pang'ono. Koma mukhoza kudabwa ndi zotsatira za 2002 kalembera. Anapanga latsopano ankagwiritsidwa - Caucasus ndi ku Central Asia. chiwerengero cha Tajiks Mwachitsanzo, chawonjezeka kangapo. Mu 2002, ku Armenia apa anali zikwi zisanu Azerbaijanis - 5,8 zikwi, Georgia - 1.6. Tajiks ndi Uzbeks - zikwi ziwiri, Kazakhs - pafupifupi zikwi, ndi kumene, pang'ono poyerekeza ndi Chikigizi. Ndi nthawi zonse wa chilengedwe cha othawa CIS. Koma Korea anayamba kukhazikika pano m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, ngakhale zedi laling'ono kwambiri.

Mzinda wa Perm Region

Likulu la dera Perm ndi mzinda zodabwitsa za Perm - yaikulu zoyendera likulu ndi doko ndi Trans-Siberia Railway. Population - oposa miliyoni - 1.041.876, malinga deta mu 2016. Slaven mzinda Nigella, analandira udindo wake mu 1966. Popeza 2006 ndi likulu la kuthetsa m'tawuni. Chernushka ili kum'mwera kwa dera Perm, kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi makumi atatu zikwi. Ndi malo mafakitale, kumene migodi ndiponso pokonza a mafuta, ndi bwino anayamba zomangamanga.

Anthu amalima pang'ono chifukwa cha kuchuluka anthu m'njira, ngati pakhala ena kuwonjezeka chachilengedwe: mu 2009, mwachitsanzo, anali womaliza zana limodzi makumi anayi munthuyo. Anakhalapo kuno kwa amuna khumi miliyoni ndi theka ndi akazi pafupifupi khumi zikwi. Ndi anthu onse a ringlets. Perm dera lonse, nayenso, akukumana ndi mtengo mkulu imfa ya anthu wamwamuna. City ndi achinyamata, ndi zaka pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu mphambu zinai. National zikuchokera ndi sakanikira kwambiri, pafupifupi onse a mafuko awa alipo pano.

Berezniki

Ndi achiwiri kukula (pambuyo Perm) kumalire a mzindawo ndi udindo wa chigawo m'tawuni tanthauzo dera. Kodi anthu 146.626 moyo. Kuwonjezeka zachilengedwe mu mzinda ndi phindu negative. Kucheperachepera anthu. Berezniki (Perm dera) - mzinda kuti nineties oyambirira wataya kwambiri monga atatu peresenti ya anthu ake. Amuna tikukhala yaitali kuposa akazi - 56,9%. Pafupifupi onse akazi pano ndinu achikulire - 74% kwa okalamba. Mu 2010, kalembera, ndipo anasonyeza kuti Russian mu Berezniki 92,6%. m'mayiko enanso alipo, koma zedi ochepa.

mapu mitundu ya Kama zinthu zambiri zovuta masiku ano chifukwa zinthu zitatu. The choyamba - kayendedwe chilengedwe cha anthu, wachiwiri - kusamuka pambuyo azingokhala wa USSR, wachitatu - ndondomeko akupita kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo izi kusintha mtundu chikumbumtima (wosanganiza mabanja maphatikizidwe zikhalidwe). Monga Kama anakakhala koposa zana ndi makumi awiri mitundu.