Lobbying - ndi chiyani ichi?

Mawu akuti "lobbying" ndinabadwa poyamba mu UK mu zaka za m'ma XIX. Mu kumasulira kwake choyambirira cha lobbying - kuthamanga pa angachite kuonetsetsa kuti zochita zofunika. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi kukakamiza kapena mozungulira pa aphungu pa voti yawo pa ngongole. Linali lalikulu industrialists British anayamba kufika, kusonkhana pa akungoonerera wa magawo a Zokonza Komiti m'masiku ndi kuyesa mwanjira kutsimikizira parliamentarians kutenga zosankha zofunika.

Today lobbying - penapake chofala kwambiri chodabwitsa. Limafotokoza osati dera la malonda, komanso mabungwe omwe si a boma, sayansi, maphunziro, ntchito zaluso, mfundo, ndi zina zotero. lobbying ndale industrialists ikuluikulu ya atumwi wotsiriza anali kutchulidwa zoipa kapena ngakhale oletsedwa chikhalidwe. Lero, ntchito ili ndithu adalowa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa limati demokalase a dziko. Masiku ano a ndale lobbying kulima - izo ndi katswiri ntchito. Komanso, kulanga yoyenera chiwerengero cha ukatswiri wa dziko ndi mayunivesite Russian posachedwapa. Ndipo mu US, malinga ndi ziwerengero pali oposa 12,000 lobbyists boma.

Lobbying ndale ndi njira zake

Angalekanitse mitundu iwiri ya zochita: mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina. Zoyambazo zikuphatikizapo misonkhano mwachindunji ndi zokambirana ndi anthu a ku Nyumba ya Zokonza; maulaliki ndi nsautso pakati pawo; kuthandiza pokonza malamulo kusodza; malangizo akatswiri; Dongosolo la ntchito ziwanga zosiyanasiyana ndi ndale; Direct kuika ndalama mu nkhani zawo, mwachitsanzo, kwa khalidwe la yokopa anthu kuti avotere. Sitipereka lobbying - ndi mkhalapakati ndi kanthu, amene amayamba chifukwa chotengera pa parliamentarians. zotsatirazi zikhoza anatchula monga zitsanzo zake;

1. Mphamvu ya maganizo a anthu. Pankhaniyi, amayamba ndi vuto lokhala wosasangalala ena mwa anthu (kawirikawiri zimafalitsidwa), ndiyeno ilo limakhala kufinya chida malamulo.

2. Social kafukufuku. Kafukufuku otere nthawi zambiri Pre-anakonza zotsatira. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa kusankha ina gulu chikhalidwe, dera, n'zothandiza vuto ndi zina zotero. Kenako linatulutsa zotsatira za kafukufuku ameneŵa alinso ndi chokhethemulira pamudzipo.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mamembala adzaponye chisanko. Izi zili choncho pamene lobbyists mwachindunji akaonekere kwa anthu ndi amene kukopa anthu kuti akonze, zinachititsa kuti akuluakulu a: kalata, foni. Makulitsidwe mwina akhoza convening pa msonkhano wa chikhazikitso cha ngongole ina.

4. Situational kucheza. Nthawi zina, lobbyists akhoza pamodzi ndi malamulo osiyana ndi yopindulitsa kwa mamembala a gulu. Ngakhale ena amakonda sizigwirizana. Akuluakulu ena amakhala kukumana ndi akuluakulu a magulu awa, monga kumatha kufunika komvera zofunikira za magulu osiyana alipo. Chotero, izo amapulumutsa nthawi ndi mphamvu.