Mkulu wa dera la Sakhalin: chidziwitso, mbiri ndi zochititsa chidwi

Gawo lapadera la Russia, lomwe lili kummawa, ndilo Sakhalin Region. Mzindawu, mzinda wa Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, uli pachilumba chachikulu kwambiri m'derali ndipo uli pamtunda wa 6660 km kuchokera ku Moscow. Tiye tikambirane za zigawo za dera ndi likulu lake, momwe zimakhalira.

Kumalo komwe kuli

Dera la Sakhalin, lomwe malo ake ndi apadera, ndilo dziko lokhalo la Russia lomwe liri pazilumba zonse. Chimapangidwa ndi chilumba cha Sakhalin, mapiri awiri a Kuriles, zilumba za Tyuleny ndi Moneron. Chigawochi chimadutsa pa Khabarovsk ndi Kamchatka Krai, komanso ndi Japan. Madera a zilumba za m'derali amatsuka ndi madzi a m'nyanja ya Pacific, Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Nyanja ya Japan. Dera lathunthu la derali ndi mamita mazana asanu ndi limodzi. Km. Zilumba zomwe derali limakhala ndi chiyambi cha chiphuphu ndipo chotero mpumulo wawo ulibe pakati. Pafupifupi mabanki onse a zilumbazi ndi miyala, yamtunda, ndi malo ochepa okha omwe ali otsika, otsetsereka pamadzi. M'deralo, ntchito zakuthambo zimasungidwa, choncho malo ndi zolemba zazilumbazi zikupitirira kusintha. Chikhalidwe cha dera la Sakhalin ndi chovuta, koma chosiyana. Pali mitsinje ndi nyanja zambiri pano, zomera pafupifupi 1.5,000 zimakula, nyama zambiri monga chimbalangondo, musk deer, hare, fox, sandwe ndi ena amakhala.

Mbiri yothetsera

Mpaka zaka za zana la 12, mbiri ya madera omwe Sakhalin Region akugwira masiku ano ili ndi chinsinsi. M'zaka za zana la 12, kwa nthawi yoyamba, a Japan anafika kuno kuchokera ku Hokkaido ndipo adapeza malo okhalamo: Ainu ndi Nivkh. Kamodzi, pafupifupi zaka zikwi makumi asanu zapitazo, Sakhalin anali ndi malo ogwirizana ndi nthaka ndi chilumba cha Hokkaido. Koma nyanja idameza dera lino, ndipo zaka zikwi khumi zapitazo zilumbazi zinadulidwa ku "dziko lalikulu". Kumeneko, anthu a ku Japan, a Mongol ndi a ku China ankayenda nthawi zina, koma sanakhale pano, zinthu zinali zovuta kwambiri. M'zaka za m'ma 1300, a Mongol anayesera kuti agonjetse mayikowa, potsiriza adatha kuika asilikali awo pano. Maulendo a ku Ulaya amapita kudera la zilumba nthawi zina. M'zaka za zana la 17, a ku Japan adayesa kuyendayenda ku Sakhalin, iwo amapanga mapu oyamba a zisumbu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, maulendo oyambirira a ku Russia amatumizidwa apa.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, Sakhalin imakhala pansi pa chitetezo cha Manchuria, ndipo boma la Russia liyenera kuvomereza zochitika izi. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, ufumu wa Russia unayesanso kuyesa zilumba izi: kuchokera ku zokambirana zapakati pa nkhondo ndi nkhondo. Mu 1850, G. Nevelsky adakweza mbendera ya Russia ku Sakhalin. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, ufumu waukulu kwambiri wa ufumuwo unamangidwa kuno, mu 1882 likulu la mtsogolo la dera la Sakhalin linaonekera - ndiye mudzi wa Vladimirovka. Mu 1904, AJapan adagonjetsa Sakhalin, ndipo chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Russo-Japanese, Russia idataya mbali ya Sakhalin Region. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse, dziko la Russia linabwezeretsanso maikowa. Ndipo lero mkangano wobisika pakati pa Russia ndi Japan ukupitirira kumbuyo kwa Kuril Islands.

Nyengo

Mzinda wa Sakhalin uli m'dera la nyengo yozizira. Kawirikawiri kutentha kwa pachaka kulibe madigiri 4. Kumpoto kwa derali nyengo ndi yowopsya, ndi nyengo yozizira yautali ndi yaifupi yozizira. Kum'mwera, kumene kuli likulu la dera la Sakhalin, nyengo yozizira imakhala yovuta, ndipo m'nyengo ya chilimwe mphepo imatha kufika madigiri 15-19. Zima m'derali ndi chipale chofewa, ndi mvula yamkuntho yambiri, imatha kuyambira kumapeto kwa November mpaka kumayambiriro kwa April. Chilimwe chozizira chimayamba mu June ndipo chimathera mu August. Chigawochi chimadziwikanso ndi nthawi yambiri yopitilira mu nthawi yachisanu ndi yophukira. Pano pali mvula yambiri (pafupifupi 900 mm pachaka) nyengo zonse, mwezi wonyansa ndi January. Kuyandikana kwa madzi ozizira a ku Okhotsk sikulola mpweya kumaderawa kukhala ofunda, choncho nthawi zonse imakhala yozizira kwambiri kusiyana ndi m'madera ena pamtunda womwewo.

Mbali za moyo pa Sakhalin

Ziwerengero za boma zimapereka chidziwitso chochuluka cha dera la Sakhalin, lomwe likunena kuti derali liri pa siteji ya kukula kwachuma, kuti pali chiyembekezo chabwino cha chitukuko kuno. Koma anthu okhalamo amanena kuti kukhala ku Sakhalin sikophweka. Malo okhala pachilumba ndi nyengo yoipa imanena kuti pafupifupi katundu yense ali kunja, ndipo izi zimangoganizira za mtengo wawo. Chikhalidwe chosazoloŵera chikhoza kuoneka choipa, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha anthu akunja chikunena kuti chiri ndi ubwino wake. Mwachitsanzo, chilimwe chimawoneka ngati mtengo wapadera, kotero amatha kusangalala kuno. Chofunika chachikulu cha dera ndi kukongola kosatha kosalekeza, nsomba zabwino kwambiri, kusaka. Mzinda wa Sakhalin, umene mizinda ndi zigawo zili m'dera la mgwirizano wa boma, uli ndi moyo wapatali, ngakhale kuti mitengoyi ndi yayikulu ndithu. Gawo lakummwera kwa derali limakhala losavuta, ngakhale likhale labwino, moyo. Koma kumpoto kwa dera ndi malo okhawo a mafani a masewera oopsa.

Kugawikana

Mu 2011, boma la dera la Sakhalin linavomereza magawo atsopano a derali kumadera. Zomwe zili m'zigawo 17, mzinda umodzi wokhazikika m'midzi, mizinda iwiri yofunika kwambiri, ndipo malo amodzi okhala m'mizinda ndi kumidzi akugawidwa pano. Chiwerengero cha midzi 15, midzi 5 ya midzi ndi midzi 242.

Mphamvu

Chigawochi chimayang'aniridwa ndi boma la dera la Sakhalin, loyendetsedwa ndi bwanamkubwa. Ndi udindo wapamwamba kwambiri. Mphamvu ya malamulo ndi ya Dakha m'dera la Duma. Anthu okhala mmudzimo amadziwa kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kamangidwe kokha m'midzi, mkatikati mwa dera ndipo makamaka kumpoto anthu amakhala pafupi. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti malo ena ali m'malo ovuta kwambiri kufika kumene palibe mphamvu ingakhoze kufika pamenepo.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Mzinda wa Sakhalin Region uli kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chilumba chachikulu, 25 km kuchokera kunyanja ya Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Pano pali anthu pafupifupi 200,000, chiwerengero cha anthu ndi 1.1 zikwi. Pa sq. M. Km, m'deralo chiwerengerochi ndi 5, 5 anthu pa mita imodzi. Km. Mzinda wa Sakhalin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri m'deralo komanso malo ake azachuma. Mzindawu uli ndi midzi ingapo, chigawo chonse cha chigawocho ndi pafupifupi 1000 mita mamita. Km. Makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale ndi amalonda a derali akuyikira mumzindawu. Pano pali anthu omwe angapeze ntchito, zinthu ziri zoipa kudera lonse ndi malo ogwira ntchito. Ndalama zamakono ku likulu la derali ndizitali, chifukwa ntchito yomanga ndi yosauka. Zonsezi zimabweretsa mfundo yakuti achinyamata nthawi zambiri amasankha kupita kumtunda.

Zosangalatsa

Sakhalin ndi gawo lapadera, liri ndi nthano zenizeni. Zoonadi, ichi ndi chilumba chachikulu kwambiri cha Russia. Ku Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ndi mizinda ina munthu amatha kuona nyumba zomangamanga ku Japan. Mzindawu ukulamulidwa ndi magalimoto a ku Japan, chotchuka kwambiri ndi SUV. Sakhalin ikhoza kungofikiridwa ndi mpweya kapena madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, pali nthawi pamene palibe kayendedwe kazilumikizidwe ndi zilumbazi.