Arthur Schnitzler: yonena, zilandiridwenso, kusewera

Arthur Schnitzler - amadziwika Austria Wolemba Wolemba wina, wotchuka chifukwa masewero ake wotchuka komanso mabuku amene kalekale kukhala tingachipeze powerenga mabuku dziko. ntchito yake m'zigawozigawo kwambiri, ofufuza ambiri amavutika kudziwa malangizo amene adzaupereka. Mlembi wa ntchito ndi chidwi kwambiri chifukwa iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa boma la mabuku kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19-20.

ntchito Early

Arthur Schnitzler anabadwa mu Vienna mu 1862 ku banja la Chiyuda. Bambo ake anali dokotala, ndipo mnyamata, kutsatira chitsanzo cha makolo, analowa Medical la Yunivesite Moscow. Kwa zaka zingapo anagwira ntchito psychoanalyst, iye ntchito mu chipatala bambo ake, ndipo ngakhale Ntchito sayansi. Komabe, kumverera chidwi ndi mabuku ndi zisudzo, izo posachedwa anasiya ntchito zachipatala ndipo anayamba kulemba. Kudziwika anabwera kwa iye nthawi yomweyo. Poyamba, ntchito zake zinali mwina amaona kapena anachititsa kusakhutira amphamvu angapo a otsutsa zolembalemba.

Komabe, ndi chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, Arthur Schnitzler lidakhalambo bwino ndithu wodziwika mu anzeru kulenga. ntchito yake poyamba anali wa maonekedwe a chimakono. Wolemba anayamba ndi chilengedwe cha munthu apange masewero, amene anali wotchuka kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka zambiri. "Anatole" (1893) - ndi nkhani ya ndakatulo iyi, wokondedwa, amene ali kufufuza zonse yekha ndi mwini kulenga njira yake. Iye amatsogolera moyo m'malo chabe, amene ndi mndandanda wa zochitika chikondi ndi zosaiŵalika. Iye ankatsutsa chifanizo cha bwenzi lake Max - mwabwinobwino ndi wosaledzera kulingalira munthu amene akuyesa bwanawe wake ku lokhazikika ndi zina zimamuthandiza m'nkhondo ndi akazi. Anatole nthawi zonse kunyenga okondedwa awo, koma nthawi yomweyo ndipo iwo kazinji kene akhabera - ndi motif khalidwe la ntchito wolembayo.

Mutu wa anthu masiku ano

Arthur Schnitzler tcheru kwambiri ndi chifaniziro cha anthu masiku ano. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma mwa anzeru, panali chikhalidwe cha mdima ndi kutaya mtima chifukwa cha vuto la zachikhalidwe. Zonse bwinobwino okha anamva zotsutsana atasunga ufumuwo, ndi chisokonezeko motley wa anthu ogwirizana gawo chabe. The zinthu zisaipe andale anakhudzidwa mabuku. olemba Young anali amasonyeza kuwononga anthu mkulu, patsogolo khalidwe nthumwi zake. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kusewera lalikulu udindo chikondi lathu. Schnitzler Arthur anam'patsa kwambiri ndithu chidwi. Mu sewerolo "nthano" ndi "kudziyalutsa", anabwerera ku mutu wa chikondi mnzawoyo, kusonyeza tsoka pa chitsanzo cha tsogolo la zisudzo ndi mtsikana wakumudzi yosavuta.

Popularity ku Russia

Wolemba anatchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu patatha buku la buku lake "The mkulu Gustloff '(1901). Ntchito imeneyi ndi mwapadera kwa zimene analemba kale: buku limeneli ndi monologue lamkati la protagonist, ndilo chifukwa kugunda ndi wophika kanthu mu kuvala chipinda cha kuholo ya konsati akukumana namondwe wa maganizo. Amaona mwamwano kuti anali kutsogolera kwa unyolo wonse maganizo a khalidwe.

Mosiyana ndi ntchito wakale wolemba nkhani iyi alibe zodziwika bwino chiwembu kapangidwe ndi chiwembu. Monga wolemba chidwi pa chiphunzitso psychoanalytic la Freud, iye tcheru kwambiri kufotokoza zokumana nazo maganizo a anthu otchulidwa wake. Choncho, wolemba m'dziko yakhala poyerekezera ndi Dostoevsky ndi Chekhov, zomwe mwina limafotokoza chifukwa chake kutchuka kwake ku Russia. otsutsa ambiri, olemba ndakatulo ndi nkhani komanso ndemanga za ntchito zake, zimene zikusonyeza chidwi kwambiri za anzeru dziko mu ntchito yake (Blok, Tsvetaeva, Trotsky) olembedwa.

Maluwa a prose

M'zaka khumi zapitazo zaka za m'ma 19 ndipo oyambirira wolemba m'ma 20, anali kudziŵika kuti wolemba luso ndi kutulutsidwa kwa nkhani yochepa. Mmodzi wa iwo, "Mkazi wa tchire la," limafotokoza nkhani ya yachilendo chikondi nkhani zimene zinachitika pakati pa ngwazi mtsikana, amene Komabe, mkulu wake. Nkhani akuyamba ndi nthawi pamene anatenga zaka zingapo zitachitika. The ngwazi adza kwa achisangalalo ndipo mwadzidzidzi likukwaniritsa mkazi iye ankakondana, koma anathawa poopa kugwidwa ndi mwamuna wake. Mu kulankhula naye iye amaona kuti mwamuna wake anamukhululukira ndipo iye silimvetsa za izi ndi kupitiriza moyo loto la chikondi. Pang'onopang'ono iye ayamba kuona zimene zikuchitika monga maloto - ndi motif waukulu mu ntchito ya wolemba, anapanga mchikakamizo cha ziphunzitso Freud a. Pambali imeneyi, wolemba pafupi ndi impressionists Viennese. Pakati wotchuka kwambiri ntchito prose tingaone monga "Teresa", "Frau Beate ndi mwana wake."

The mfundo yaikulu

Mmodzi wa alembi wotchuka kwa zaka za m'ma 20 anali Arthur Schnitzler. "Round Dance" - ntchito imene wakhala quintessence ntchito zake. Komabe, chikondi vuto anathana nawo Freud ndi impressionist mtsempha, mtanda kudula mutu umadutsa zolemba zake zonse. ngwazi zonse zimachitira ndi chiyeso cha kumverera uku. Mu ntchito za olemba unadzipiringiza chimatsogoleredwa, zachikondi ndi chilengedwe amajambulapo maluwa okongola, yotsirizira bwino amachuluka. wolemba amalipira mwapadera mafotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane za mwanaalirenji wa anthu Kumwambamwamba, amene anatsindika kuchepa wauzimu wa olemekezeka otchuka ndi kukongola yapamwamba.

woletsedwawo sewero

Impressionism anali weniweni mbuye wa Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", mwachidule amene ali wopepuka ndithu, wakhala maganizo kwambiri za ntchito zake. wolemba kachiwiri akatulukire kwa malongosoledwe a Zopatsa amorous la ngwazi ake, koma ngati kale chikondi mzere anayamba ndi maziko kufotokoza zenizeni chikhalidwe, chomwenso ndi wotanganidwa kwambiri pa ntchito ya wolemba panopa lolunjika kokha kusanthula Zopatsa amorous la ngwazi, ndipo anafotokoza Zopatsa awo mu uthunthu wa chilengedwe kwambiri . Apa mutha kuona mphamvu ya wotchuka French novelist GI De Maupassant. Anthu anakwiya ndi kulowezana kwa zithunzi zolaula, chimenenso, munamutcha zili sewerolo. Palibe nkhani bwino, wolemba limafotokoza ochepa amorous limagwira zosiyanasiyana zilembo za maudindo ndi minda.

nkhani

Arthur Schnitzler, "Chikondi kuvina" amene wakhala mankhwala chapakati pa ntchito yake, anatchuka kwambiri monga zamaganizo wochenjera, amene anatha molondola kwambiri kusonyeza kayendedwe subliminal ndi anthu a m'nkhaniyi akumvera wake. Mu sewero ili anasonyeza mbali kwambiri khalidwe la zilandiridwenso wa Wolemba wina anati: fano la kuyipa kwa anthu yofanana ndi kuchepa kwa makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe swagger. Ntchito zisudzo ndi wapolisi, mtsikana msewu, ndakatulo, Ammayi, mtsikana ndi mnyamata, wina wotchuka Zithunzi. wolemba nthawizonse ndayesera kusonyeza oimira zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndi makalasi ndi kugonjera makhalidwe awo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Msonkhano woyamba chikuchitika mu mzinda usiku, pa mtsinje wa Danube, ndiye wolemba ndi kunditumiza ku madera zogona, polongosola chipinda mdima kumene awiri kudzakomananso.

Features

Tinachita "Runaround" (kusewera ndi Austria Wolemba wina Artura Shnitslera) wabweza kudziwika kukuchitika chifukwa chakuti wolemba kwambiri Anasonyeza zosathandiza Zopatsa amorous la ngwazi. omvetsera napeza zotukwana ndi chosayenera ntchito, ngakhale owonetsera ena akuyesera kuchiyika icho. Panthawi imeneyi, wolemba masewero wina lolunjika basi pa chithunzi amakayikira chikondi - iye alibe anasintha utoto mu sewero yake mtima, ndipo zimenezi Ndikufuna chisoni kapena chisoni. Mu ntchito yake palibe moyo otsimikiza kapena kuwala, palibe makhalidwe abwino kapena koyenela lingaliro chomwe chimapangitsa sewerolo sizikuyenda bwino kwambiri ndi yowawitsa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ntchitoyo "Runaround" pa kusewera ndi Artura Shnitslera anaonekera mochititsa manyazi. omvetsera sanafune kutenga nkhaniyi, kudali ngakhale pamaso pa zochitika adaponya utsi mabomba. Ndipo lero, ntchito imeneyi timaona maganizo kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhani yake maganizo.

zaka nkhondo

The kusewera "Runaround" Artura Shnitslera ikulongosola za Zopatsa amorous la ngwazi zosiyanasiyana maudindo, makalasi ndi mibadwo. Mutu umenewu ndi yofuna zopeka, kumene iye kupyolera kusanthula wochenjera maganizo anafuna kufotokoza zolinga za kukhudzika kwa chikondi. Komabe, nkhondo mantha aakulu kwa iye, ndipo anakhudzidwa ntchito yake. wolemba anayamba kulemba zochepa koma analenga imodzi mwa ntchito kwambiri wodziwika bwino - buku "Kubweranso kwa Casanova," limene limafotokoza nkhani ya wotchuka wokonda ukalamba, osati amene ankafuna kuti atenge malo awo ndi kuyamba kupikisana ndi mkulu wachinyamata, amene sanali zimenezo. Mu zaka, kuwala anatuluka mabuku ake ena, makamaka nkhani "The dona wamng'ono Elsa."

Wolemba kachiwiri agwiritsa ntchito chipangizo amalikonda - ndi monologue lamkati la heroine, kupyolera mu zomwe owerenga amatha kumvetsa kuwerenga maganizo ake. Mtsikana, mwana wamkazi wa loya bwino, mwadzidzidzi amaphunzira kuwonongeka bambo wake, ndipo izi zimapangitsa mkazi kuti chaukali nkhambakamwa maganizo mmene kuthandiza makolo, amene anapempha thandizo lake. Mu malingaliro ake, iye zitsanzo ndi mapulani zosiyanasiyana, akulankhula ndi anzawo, motero, nkhani kwasanduka ndi monologue lamkati la heroine lapansi.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Nkhondo ndi kugwa kwa Austria-Hungary, wolemba adakhalabe woona mtima kwa mitu amalikonda chifanizo cha moyo chisanadze nkhondo. Choncho, kwa kanthawi nkhani "masewera a m'bandakucha," ndi protagonist, mkulu, kodi kuthandiza wakale Austria asilikali. Komabe, wolemba kwambiri anazindikira kugwa ufumuwo ndipo zinasinthiratu maziko akale ndi moyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali tsoka mu moyo wake. Mwana wake wamkazi anakwatiwa, pa wamng'ono kwambiri zaka anadzipha, zomwe zinawathandiza imfa ya wolemba. Iye anafa sitiroko mu 1931.

mtengo

Prose ndi sewero zatenga malo apamwamba mu mabuku dziko. Chimodzi-kuchita masewero, nkhani yochepa, mabuku Schnitzler anakhala chochitika chosaiwalika pa zachikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya kwa zaka za m'ma. Akatswiri ena amanena ntchito zake ndi ntchito za Impressionists ndi ena - ndi amakono a. mwanjira ina, koma ntchito zake ndi chidwi chifukwa analingalira moyo wa chi anthu Chihangare, onse apamwamba m'munsi.

Komanso, iye anayambitsa maganizo mabuku "monologue zamkati ', adali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha kachitidwe maganizo mu prose. Malangizo ake ubale wachikondi osati chilengedwe, komanso kusanthula maganizo. Makamaka chifukwa analandira kuzindikira European Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", zili omwe ndi chopereka cha chikondi zithunzi pakati pa anthu osiyana - chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa sewerolo, timasonyeza chilakolako cha wolemba kufotokoza mbali ya kugonana moyo wa munthu.