SA3 coupler :, cholinga, kukula

Mmodzi wa zipangizo wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa kugwirizana basi ndi disconnection wa njanji-ngolo zikuchokera ndi zodziwikiratu coupler SA-3 chitsanzo. Ndi chipangizo chimene amapereka lumikiza ndi disengagement ya sitima ndi magalimoto. Ndiyamika chipangizo anu basi coupler SA-3 amasunga magalimoto mu osiyanasiyana lamanja, zikugwirizana ndi pakati pawo ndipo limachititsa kuti mulankhule nawo popanda kuwononga ngolo chimango ndi ambiri coupler limagwirira.

limagwirira kusankhidwa

Ku maofesi ano zofunika magalimoto avtorastsepki ndi zowalamulira monga SA-3, ngakhale kuti udaikidwa kumbuyo mu 1932. chipangizo ndi otchuka kwambiri tsopano. Chinsinsi cha kupambana ndi mamangidwe bwino, yosavuta komanso zothandiza, komanso kudalilika ndi chomasuka ntchito ndi kukonzanso.

Mu magalimoto amakono paki kwa ngolo njanji ntchito zosiyanasiyana kutisokoneza ndi ntchito. Pali katundu ndi anthu. Komanso kusiyanitsa ndi zikhalidwe za ntchito. chiwerengero cha magalimoto ndi sitima ntchito pansi kwambiri zinthu: mkulu mwamphamvu ntchito, mopambanitsa kapena otsika kutentha ntchito, anthu zoyendera ndi katundu pa mtunda waufupi.

Pamene ukuwonjezeka yaing'ono kilometrage mphamvu chida pamene akuchita potsegula ndi katundu mpheto, ndi chifukwa, izo zimakhala zogwirizana ntchito chipangizo kulola kuti basi kuchita zowalamulira ndi disengagement mbali ya sitima yapamtunda. Ndi zipangizo izi ndi zingaphatikizepo chipangizo ichi, monga kopita, makhalidwe ndi SA3 coupler kapangidwe kwathunthu yosayenera cholinga ichi.

Shock-tugger - SA3 coupler chimathandiza:

• Makinawa kugwirizana magalimoto zotsatira ndi deadlocks mu lumikiza wa lumikiza basi.
• Makinawa uncoupling ngolo anagubuduza katundu, amene anagwira popanda alowererepo a katswiri, ndi kupulumutsa chipangizo mu malo disengaged pamaso coupler adzakhala linatha.
• Auto mbali Bwererani chipangizo pamalo wapachiyambi, kulola magalimoto agwidwa concatenate iwo ndi logwirana loko.

Komanso, SA-3 coupler limagwirira amalola kukonzanso concatenate coupler disengaged mosintha popanda dilution ngolo sitima. Kukhazikitsa shunting, mwachitsanzo pamene iwo akuchita manyazi kukoka nkhope sichichititsa yogwirizanitsa awo. Mpaka nthawi ya zowalamulira CA-3 kutenga zotsatirazi udindo umene:

• zipangizo olamulira anayikidwa pa mzere womwewo;
• olamulira ankatembenukira vertically kapena horizontally.

Mmene ofukula ofananira kusamutsidwa atha kupirira mu sitima yonyamula katundu. olamulira kusamutsidwa amapezeka 100 millimeters, ndipo galimotolo sitima liwiro 50 millimeters. Mtengo pazipita wa ofananira yopingasa kuchepetsa si upambana 175 mm. Pa displacements izi CA-3 nkhwangwa ntchito coupler ndi wa mkulu khalidwe ndi otetezeka basi magalimoto lumikiza pa ntchito zawo.

Kamangidwe ka basi coupler SA-3 lachitsanzo

The chipangizo SA-3 coupler akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo zingapo, zimene kuonetsetsa ntchito mosadodometsedwa:

1. Ziwalo ndi mfundo za limagwirira kugwira ntchito.
2. Anadabwa, timaika chipangizo.
3. Choyesera chipangizo.
4. Mabasi.
5. Ayendetse galimoto uncoupling magalimoto.

CA-3 coupler ntchito Imayenera Zimapezeka mogwirizana zigawo zonse za limagwirira ndi kuponyedwa danga dzenje mu nyumba ya. Mbali yaikulu zili mbali ya makina (iwo anayikidwa mu M'mimbamo, amene amatchedwa thumba):

• logwirana;
• loko chofukizira;
• atamva wodzigudubuza;
• Locksmith, kukweza;
• lama fuyusi, kulola chitetezo ku samorastsepa umasinthasintha kukoka nkhope;
• bawuti.

Kuwonjezera pa mutu wa thupi ndi okonzeka ndi mchira elongated. Iye ali dzenje kwa tsamba, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi samatha achepetsa ndi SA3 coupler. Mu malo zikugwirizana wa limagwirira imene inakonza pa ngolo moyandikana ndi pokhudzana ndi mzake ndi projecting ku shedi (gawo ili pakati pa mano yaikuluikulu), zopalira ndi Amatseka loko.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, Ndizachidziwikire kuti mmene SA3 coupler zipangizo zimatengera khola ndi mosadodometsedwa ntchito chipangizo lonse wonse.

Makulidwe ndi kulemera kwa SA-3 coupler

Coupler ali magawo zotsatirazi:

• Makulidwe SA3 coupler 1130 × 421 × 440 mm.
• Kulemera SA-3 coupler lingayambire pakukhala makilogalamu 207,18 kwa 215. Izi zimadalira chipangizo zojambula.

Makulidwe a lumikiza basi kuvumbitsira mosalekeza ndithu chipangizo chimene mofanana loyenereradi onse katundu ndipo wina sitima.

Akweza SA3 coupler

The zaka zikwi-ziwiri za zaka za ku Russia akuyamba ntchito akweza basi lumikiza SA-3. Kulengedwa ndi ntchito coupler basi SA-3 kukhala zikutsatiridwa, koma mamangidwe bwino. Chipangizo walandira m'mabokosi awiri kuti kuteteza ndalama kugwa anafupikitsa Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta pa njanji lapansi. Kugwa kwa mbali kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa muvi kapena kugwa kwa zikuchokera.

Choncho, pamodzi ndi wamakono ndi kuchuluka mlingo wa chitetezo cha chitsanzo latsopano. Koma izi si onse amene anabweretsa luso. Distance yokonza-free kutha kwa latsopano chitsanzo anatengera anali miliyoni 1 makilomita. Chomwecho zaka SA3 coupler cholinga ndi makhalidwe monyadira makilomita 200,000 okha. Popeza kuti chitetezo ndi ndalama pa kukonza zonse amaimirira, zitsanzo akale mwamsanga anayamba decommission. Komabe, kuikidwa ndi SA-3 coupler chipangizo mu Baibulo wapachiyambi akhala gawo limodzi la zochitika za njanji Soviet ndi Russian.

Zolakwa SA3 coupler

SA3 coupler ndi nambala inayake ya mavuto sangathe mokwanira ntchito zawo:

• Wovulala zigawo limagwirira ndi microcrack mu wagawo ndi.
• Mizere chitukuko ntchito pamalo, wosweka mafyuzi kutambasuka pharynx.
• Wodzigudubuza, omwe si nkhani kugwa, atathana olakwika kapena sanali muyezo njira wodzigudubuza, komanso sanamwe.
• Breakage wa mphero kapena wodzigudubuza samatha achepetsa. Poswekapo mu mphero, ndi samatha wodzigudubuza achepetsa.
• Osokoneza ndi (kapena wina) Pofotokoza lotseguka mitanda pendular kuyimitsidwa. Osayika pendulum kuyimitsidwa.
• Atypical mphero mayina kapena wodzigudubuza, ngati zigawo za kolala samatha.
• n'kupanga breakage kapena mapangidwe ming'alu mu izo.

Cholinga ndi kukhala samatha anamangirira achepetsa, bulaketi ndi chofukizira actuator kwa uncoupling zokhazikapo kwa pini ndi abutment mbale kapena imasiya okha. Wopindidwa kumasulidwa ndalezo ndi yaikulu wonongeka SA3 coupler.

Pamwamba ndi zolakwa zazikulu. Ndi pamaso pa zolakwa izi basi lumikiza ndi zosafunika ntchito, monga kugwira ntchito khola adzakhala funso lofunika. Kuthetsa chiwerengero cha mbali zosalongosoka anatumiza kwa kukonza. Anthu zina ndi wolema pamalo ntchito, sangathe kukonzedwa ndi m'malo ndi atsopano.

Pankhaniyi, pangakhale anthuwo kuvutika ndi kupatuka mwakale. maonekedwe awo si mokwanira amphamvu guluu wolimba nkhope ndi chifukwa, pa sitima uncoupled. Ngati muli anthuwo kuvutika aliyense ndi zolakwika pamwamba basi lumikiza yachibadwa pansi pa kukonza mwamsanga. Popeza ntchito molakwika ndi kuukira moyo wa sitima zonyamula anthu.

makhalidwe poyerekeza autohitches CA-3 ndi CAKv

The makumi asanu ndi awiri a zaka mazana makumi awiri sankawabisira chakuti chiyambi cha watsopano muyezo coupler anafuna kuphunzitsa European Union posts. Chimodzi pa zinthu - CAKv ankagwira ntchito mokwanira, osati Europe komanso sitima ya Russian.

CAKv maziko maziko a SA-3 ndipo limathandizana yogwirizana ndi chitukuko Soviet. Komabe, pali kusiyana mu Baibulo German wa dzino waukulu okonzeka ndi ziyerekezo zina zomwe akulowa mu kagawo wapadera. Chifukwa lumikiza cha lotayirira zimalimba.

Chovuta lumikiza chomwecho angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza zolumikizira magetsi ndi mizere ananyema. CAKv ntchito polumikiza ngolo sitima yaikulu katundu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zida helical ntchito SA-3 sangathe kupirira mavuto katunduyo zikuchokera.

M'mayiko ntchito SA3 coupler

Ngakhale 'wolemekezeka' zaka, kapangidwe ndi ntchito coupler basi SA-3 ambiri kukhuta, komabe M'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito m'mayiko ena Arab, monga Iran ndi Iraq. Komanso SA3 coupler angapezeke pa njanji ya Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia, Estonia, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Finland, Sweden ndi Russia.

Mu buku lino Russian yatenganso m'mabokosi zina, zomwe kuteteza coupler kuti unagawanika pa njanji mayendedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito kazipangizo zodzitetezera chiwerengero cha ngozi ndi ngozi ya sitima chifukwa cha zimene anali zinadulidwa chidutswa coupler, anagwa pansi mawilo a sitima, ndi akuchepa kwambiri.

Kufotokoza za achidule CA-3

CA-3 chidule anamasuliridwa ngati zodziwikiratu coupler Soviet, njira lachitatu. Dziwani kuti atalenga ake mu 1935, anayamba ntchito yomasulira lonse sitima zoyendera wa USSR pa chitsanzo latsopano chipangizo. Kwathunthu kusintha inatha mu 1957.

Dziwani kuti pamene adaputala anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a unyolo ziwiri gawo. chipangizo munali malo zachitsulo umene zidutswa awiri welded unyolo. Pakona wokwera mu okhetsedwa CA-3, chabwino unyolo sprinkles mbedza welded ndi lumikiza wononga. Kudzera amafotokozera izi akhoza kugwirizana ndi magalimoto akale ndi lumikiza okonzeka SA3 coupler.

Pangani CA-3 ndi zosavuta moyo shunter. Cholinga ndi SA3 coupler chipangizo amaloledwa kuchepetsa ntchito yake isanafike pophatikizana wa manja kuonetsetsa braking ndi zingwe za magetsi.

mfundo zosangalatsa

SA3 coupler ali ndi ndalama zokwanira otchuka kapangidwe kuti nthawi zonse linakhalapo, wakhazikitsa yokha ngati item odalirika ndi cholimba kuti basi kulumikiza ndi kusagwirizana ngolo.

Cholinga cha CA-3 kugwirizana coupler ndi disconnection wa zinthu pakubwezeretsa, komanso, makhalidwe ake analola shunter kuonetsetsa kuti ndondomeko ya lumikiza ndi uncoupling anatenga malo monga kuyenera. Pa lonse kuli coupler ndinatola zingapo zosangalatsa za chinthu ichi:

• SA-3 anayamba kupanga mu 1932 mu USSR. okonza Soviet unatenga maziko lumikiza basi, lopangidwa mu United States (Willison basi dongosolo lumikiza), anayamba mu 1910, ndipo pafupifupi yolenganso Baibulo zoweta. Zikuonekanso kachiwiri cholinga mizere chinkhoswe. Mu CA-3 West amatchulidwa kukhala "zodziwikiratu lumikiza Russian" kapena "zodziwikiratu lumikiza Willison ndi Russian kuzungulira".
• Molakwika disconnection coupler CA-3 ayenera kukankhira ndodo ya chitsulo pa dzenje makamaka amene anakonza mu nyumba yake. limagwirira zigawo zikuluzikulu adzakhala malo kuyambira bwino ndi zodziwikiratu coupler kuti concatenated.
• Avtostsepochny Castle akubwera ndi mafuta chizindikiro. Iye ndi protrusion, amene Tingaone pansi pa chipangizo, malinga Loko omasulidwa. Pamene apadera ntchito pa sitima utumiki amafufuza aliyense coupler, anati ndondomeko, wamva kuti magalimoto uncoupled Chrixitu.
• Monga amadziwika, basi lumikiza ali okonzeka ndi chipangizo mtima, chipangizo zimene zimatenga Impact ndipo kumateteza zimachitika chimango ndi railcar zigawo coupler limagwirira ku chiwonongeko. Komabe sitima ndi motovoznye SA3 coupler chipangizo si zida ndi deta. Chinthu ndi pa sitima chimango ndi motovoznoy pulayimale palibe malo item kuti.
• The Polish Baibulo la dzina SA-3 coupler - ". Brezhnev a nkhonya"
• Mu chaka cha 1898 funso anaukitsidwa za kutumidwa wa coupler ndi zodziwikiratu pa njanji Russian. mwina anali American Janney coupler. Koma lingaliro linasiyidwa. Chifukwa cha kusadalirika a kamangidwe ka Baibulo American, ndipo n'zosatheka kusankha njira zoyenera kwa dongosolo alipo m'dziko lawo kumayambiriro lumikiza basi wa lumikiza basi ndi magalimoto uncoupling kulephereka kalekale.
• Soviet basi coupler (wachitatu njira) ntchito osati mu mayiko a Soviet Union, komanso m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya, monga Poland, Finland, Norway ndi Sweden. CAKv European Version anayambanso zochokera SA-3, umene ndi kuukonza yaing'ono akubwereza kapangidwe ka coupler zoweta. Koma mosiyana ndi zoweta, nkhani zakunja zotheka okhwima lumikiza chimene chili chofunika kulumikiza ngolo za sitima yonyamula katundu.
• The ndalama pafupifupi chatsopano SA-3 ndi 10 500 rubles. Kukonza wa aggregates zipangizo ranges ku rubles 300 1000. Chifukwa yake kukonza coupler angapulumutse ndithu ndalama zambiri.

Pomaliza

Kufotokoza zotsatira pamwambapa, Dziwani kuti basi coupler SA-3 - mokwanira odalirika ndi cholimba chipangizo kuti amalola kuchita avtorastsepku ndi lumikiza magalimoto. Pankhaniyi, boma la zipangizo ndi kuchuluka zofunika: siiyenela kukhala otopa mbali, zigawo wosweka wa limagwirira ndi ming'alu ngati ndi mfundo za limagwirira lapansi. Mu chochitika cha SA-3 watumidwa kukonza vuto. Ngati chipangizo ndi chobvalidwa, ilo linasinthidwa watsopano.

SA3 coupler anayamba kupanga kumbuyo mu 1932 pamaziko a American basi lumikiza Willison. Pa nthawi yomweyo, okonza Soviet eni kapangidwe wochenjera lumikiza dera, pakuti amene SA-3 coupler ankatchedwa "Russian basi coupler".

Kusinthitsa kuti lumikiza basi inayamba mu 1935. Ngakhale amagwiritsa kusintha chipangizo chimene chimathandiza kulumikiza ngolo okonzeka ndi couplers zakale ndi zatsopano nyemba. Pomaliza kusintha inatha mu 1957. Pa chiyambi cha awiri masauzande SA-3 pang'ono kusinthidwa. Kamangidwe ka lumikiza anali m'mabokosi wapadera kuti kuteteza njanji kuchokera kugwa pa iye ndalama kuti zinadulidwa ku lumikiza lapansi. Chitetezo cha lona, nayenso kumathandiza kulephera kwa mibvi, komanso amachepetsa imabwera ngozi chifukwa mu wathunthu ngozi sitima. Akweza lumikiza ntchito mu sitima onyamula katundu mafuta, komanso sitima zonyamula anthu.

Makinawa lumikiza SA-3 mokwanira odziwika mu Europe. Makamaka chifukwa kudalirika ndi kukhalitsa kwake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga taonera kale, zochokera basi coupler Soviet iwo unalengedwa zitsanzo zambiri zimasintha yachilendo ya dongosolo.

Choncho, yankho kuti SA-3, analenga kumbuyo mu 1932, ndiko kuposa ungatithandizire khumi kapena makumi awiri kapena kuposa. Ndipotu, kapangidwe kudalirika chimaonekera osati mwa ntchito zake, komanso ndi mbiri wopanda ndi zaka couplers zonse basi ndi sitima rastsepok.

Koma ngakhale kutchuka mkulu, m'malo SA-3 anabwera CA-4 - ali ano ndi wangwiro kamangidwe. Komanso, poyerekeza ndi wachitatu wa CA-4 ali kochulukira moyo wa yokonza-free, athamangadi (200 000 makilomita wachitatu ndi makilomita miliyoni imodzi mwa CA-4).

Komanso, lachinayi ndi zosavuta ndi zosavuta kuposa zimene zinawonongedwa. Ngakhale zikamera wa coupler changwiro choposa SA-3 akadali zachilendo, makamaka chifukwa ndalama mkulu zochepa, poyerekeza ndi CA-4. SA-3 akadali mmodzi wa couplings otchuka basi.