Asilikaliwo Zida: dzina, maonekedwe, akuti. asilikaliwo lupanga

Japanese asilikaliwo zida ali mwa zotsatira kwambiri kuzindikira za mbiri akale a Japan. Iwo anali ndinasintha wosiyana kuti aperekedwe ku Ankhondo a European. Maonekedwe wapadera ndi njira yopanga chidwi analongosola kwa zaka zambiri.

zida wakale

Asilikaliwo zida akhoza osadzuka balamanthu. Zinali kalambulabwalo zofunika za chisanadze fano - akasinja ntchito isanafike zaka za m'ma VIII. Tamasulira kuchokera ku mawu Japanese kutanthauza "lalifupi zida." Maziko thanki anali yachitsulo chapachifuwa lopangidwa ndi munthu n'kupanga zitsulo. Kunja, izo zinkawoneka ngati wosazindikira chikopa corset. Thanki unachitikira pa thupi msilikali chifukwa kuchepetsa khalidwe pa gawo m'chiuno.

zida ophatikizapo ambiri a malingaliro amene anayamba mu Ages Middle mu mawonekedwe a tingachipeze powerenga asilikaliwo zida. Koma padali akasinja ndi wosazindikira ndi kuipa. Choncho kapangidwe sankaloledwa ntchito mu wokwera nkhondowo, kotero kukhala pa kavalo mu diresi zinkandivuta kwambiri. Komanso, alibe Leggings zida.

O-yoroi

Apachiyambi, amene ankasiyana zida asilikaliwo, popangidwa ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. The yaikulu inali ku Japan, kudzipatula kwa dziko lakunja. chitukuko ichi wanena kusanduka mokwanira alibe ngakhale poyerekezera ndi anansi ake - China ndi Korea. Chotero mbali ya chikhalidwe Japanese zinaonetsera manja dziko ndi zida.

Chakale akale zida mu Japan amaona kuti kukhala pa yoroi. Dzina limeneli akhoza kumasuliridwa ngati 'zida kwambiri. " ankachitira lamellar yomanga ake (kutanthauza mtundu pulasitiki). Mu Japanese, monga zida zambiri amatchedwa Kozan-mmwamba. Adasanduka mbale interlaced. Nkhani kuyambira ntchito wandiweyani loderako chikopa kapena chitsulo.

NKHANI lamellar zida

Mbale anali maziko pafupifupi onse zida Japanese kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi si mfundo yoti kupangidwa ndi a makhalidwe awo amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi tsiku pa kalendara. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyengo chakale Gempei (mapeto a XII m'ma) kugwiritsidwa ntchito mbale yaikulu. Iwo anali 6 quadrilaterals m'litali ndi m'lifupi 3 cm.

Aliyense mbale 13 tamaliza mabowo. Iwo anakonza mizere iwiri choimirira. Chiwerengero cha mabowo aliyense zosiyanasiyana (6 ndi 7 motero), kotero kuti m'mphepete chapamwamba ali ndi mumbali khalidwe mawonekedwe. Maenje ndi zingwe yamazinga. Iwo cholukanalukana ndi mbale 20-30. Woterowo mwai yosavuta analandira kusintha yopingasa n'kupanga. Iwo anamizidwa ndi lacquer yapadera yopangidwa kuchokera ku madzi chomera. Processing njira anapereka magulu ndi kusinthasintha zina chimene chimasiyanitsa zonse ndiye asilikaliwo zida. Zingwe, potseka mbale, pachikhalidwe anapanga ndi wachikuda, kupanga zida muli kuzindikira zokongola maonekedwe.

cuirass

Mbali yaikulu ya zida yoroi anali Chapachifuwa. mamangidwe ake amakhala ndi m'maganizo chidwi. Belly asilikaliwo yopingasa anatseka mizere inayi ya mbale. magulu awa pafupifupi kwathunthu akupha thupi, anakusiyirani kusiyana ochepa kumbuyo. kamangidwe anali olumikizidwa kwa kudzera zitsulo mbale. Iye anamangiriridwa mwa fasteners.

Kumbuyo chapamwamba ndi chifuwa munali ndi wankhondo mikwingwirima wina angapo ndipo mbale zitsulo ndi khalidwe zozungulira odulidwa. Kunali kofunika kwa kasinthasintha ufulu wa khosi. Nthawi munthu Chikopa mapewa attachable zomangira. chidwi anapatsidwa kuti malo buckles. Iwo anali mbali ya chiopysezo kwambiri mu zida, choncho anabisa mbale zina.

kugwiritsa khungu

mbale aliyense zitsulo yokutidwa ndi kusuta khungu lakuda. Pakuti aliyense wa zovala ake amapangidwa ndi zidutswa zingapo, yaikulu imene yokutidwa kutsogolo lonse la torso wa wankhondo. Izi muyeso kunali koyenera kuti mayiko kuwombera. Pamene ntchito uta bowstring ndinazembera zida. Khungu salola ake kukhudza mbale yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda. Chotero ngozi kungakuthetsereni kwambiri pa nkhondo.

zidutswa za khungu okuta asilikaliwo zida anali papezeka ntchito osindikizira. Nthawi zambiri ntchito zosiyana buluu ndi wofiira mitundu. Mu chi Heyan (VIII-XII CC.) Kodi kuimira kanjedza zojambula (diamondi) ndi heraldic (mikango) mawonekedwe. Komanso zofanana mapangidwe zamaluwa. Mu nthawi ya Kamakura nthawi (XII-XIV zaka zambiri.) Ndipo Nambokute (XIV c.) Anayamba kuoneka zithunzi Chibuda ndi zojambula za njoka. Komanso, akalumikidzidwa zojambula mbisoweka.

Chitsanzo china chosonyeza kusanduka asilikaliwo zida atha kutumikira ngati mbale m'mawere. Mu Heyan nthawi ya m'mphepete awo chapamwamba kaso kuthi mawonekedwe yokhota kumapeto. Aliyense mbale zitsulo chokongoletsedwa ndi golide-yokutidwa mkuwa mbale mu akalumikidzidwa osiyana (mwachitsanzo, chrysanthemum silhouette akhoza wasonyeza).

Mapewa ndi Greaves

Dzina "Big Nkhono" anauzidwa kuti asilikaliwo zida pa yoroi zikomo khalidwe yotakata mapewa ndi gaiters. Iwo anapereka chovala pachiyambi, ndi kanthu maonekedwe ofanana. Leggings zopangidwa yemweyo mizere zonse yopingasa mbale (ndalama zisanu aliyense). zinthu zida izi chikugwirizana nsalu yapamtima ntchito zidutswa za chikopa TACHIMATA dongosolo. Mbali Greaves bwino kumbuyo m'chiuno asilikaliwo atakhala chishalo a kavalo. Front ndi kumbuyo chomwecho ankasiyana kwambiri zoyendayenda, kuyambira, mwinamwake, iwo kakanasokoneza kuyenda.

Kwambiri noticeable ndi zosowa la chida Japanese anali mapewa. Analogs Sanali kulikonse, kuphatikizapo mu Europe. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti mapewa anatuluka ngati masinthidwe a matabwa, zofala katundu wa Yamato State Army (III-VII zaka.). Iwo anali ndi zambiri zofanana. Zino, mukhoza kuonetsetsa m'lifupi yokulirapo ndi lathyathyathya mawonekedwe mapewa. Iwo anali mkulu mokwanira ndipo akhoza ngakhale kuvulaza munthu yogwira m'mwamba manja ake. Kuti achotse Zikatero mapewa anamaliza m'mbali anapanga. Chifukwa cha njira pachiyambi kamangidwe, zigawo izi ndi mokwanira mafoni zida ngakhale wolemera wake wabodza.

Kabuto

zipewa Japanese kabuto adakuitanira. mbali zake khalidwe ndi rivets lalikulu ndi polusfeericheskaya mtundu wa kapu ndi. Asilikaliwo zida amateteza mwini wake, iwonso adali ndi mtengo kukongoletsa. Chisoti lingaliro limeneli, anali nazonso. Pa kumbuyo pamwamba pake pali mphete mkuwa, amene anali inaimitsidwa uta za veleveti. Pakuti ndithu nthawi yaitali, chowonjezera uyu wakhala akutumikira pa chizindikiro nkhondo. M'zaka za m'ma XVI chizindikiro amamangiriridwa kumbuyo.

Kwa mphete ndi chofunda akhoza chokhudzana chisotichi. Pamene galimoto kudya pa kavalo, Cape izi zotulutsa ngati kupalasa a. Ife anachita izo mwadala nsalu za mitundu yowala. Pofuna adzatsekeredwa akugwira chisoti pa mutu wake, Japanese ntchito chinstraps wapadera.

Zovala pansi zida

Pansi zida asilikali kuvala miyambo zovala hitatare. Izi kavalidwe akuyenda ndi madera awiri - Buluku lonse ndi aatali manja jekete. Tinalibe zovala fasteners, izo umangidwa ndi chingwe. Miyendo pansipa masokosi bondo zinatsekedwa. Iwo zidutswa amakona anayi nsalu sewn padziko kumbuyo. Zovala kwenikweni chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi za mbalame, maluwa ndi tizilombo.

Pa mbali ya suti iye anali amacheka yaikulu zofunika ufulu kuyenda. Chotsikitsitsa anali zovala chovalacho jekete ndi underpants. Monga zinachitikira zida, gawo ili la zovala anasonyeza chuma chawo. The ambuye olemera anali silika chovalacho, pamene ankhondo zochepa wolemekezeka ankachitira chovalacho anapanga nsalu thonje.

kuyenda zida

Ngati o-yoroi anafuna makamaka nkhondowo Kukwera Akavalo, ndiye mtundu wina wa zida, mmwamba-maru, ankagwiritsa ntchito oyenda. Mosiyana analogi kwambiri kuti akhoza kufooka yekha popanda akufunika thandizo. Poyamba ndi maru ali anatuluka monga zida ntchito ndi atumiki a Yehova. Pamene asilikali a ku Japan anali kuyenda asilikaliwo, anatengera mtundu wa zida.

Pamaso Maru anaima zosakwana lolimba mbale nsalu. Odzichepetsa kukula nakhala mapewa ake. Wake buttoned kumanja, osafunikiranso mbale zina (poyamba sizachilendo). Popeza oyenda zida ntchito, mbali yofunika ya inasanduka omasuka kuthamanga siketi.

mumaganiza latsopano

Mu theka lachiwiri la XV m'ma m'mbiri ya Japan anayamba nyengo yatsopano - nthawi Sengoku. Panthawi imeneyi, kuposa kale, kuti ukasintha kusintha njira ya moyo asilikaliwo. Zaluso sanathe koma bwanji ndi zida. Poyamba panali kusintha njira yake - Mogami-mmwamba. Iwo yophatikiza mbali achilendo kwa zaka-maru, koma kumasiyana kwambiri chinthu chimodzimodzi.

patsogolo m'zochitika asilikali kwachititsa chakuti nyengo Sengoku asilikaliwo zida kamodzinso anaukitsa bala kwa khalidwe ndiponso kudalirika zida zanu. Pambuyo kuoneka mtundu watsopano wa Maru-kwa Maru yapita anasiya mwamsanga wotchuka ndipo analandira sitampu ya zokongoletsera achabechabe.

Maru mmwamba

Mu 1542, ku Japan anaphunzitsidwa mfuti. Posakhalitsa anayamba kuŵeta. The chida latsopano wasonyeza Mwachangu wake wofunika kwambiri kwa mbiri ya nkhondo Japan wa Nagashino mu 1575. Arquebus akatemera khamu razili asilikaliwo ovala zida lamellar anapanga mbale zing'onozing'ono. Zinali ndiye kuti panali kufunika kwa zida wachibadidwe latsopano.

Posakhalitsa maru-malinga ndi gulu la European a laminar zida. Mosiyana ndi mpikisano lamellar Linapangidwa lalikulu olimba magulu mtanda. Latsopano zida kunandithandiza mlingo wa kudalilika, komanso kusunga nkhondo zofunika kwambiri pa kuyenda.

Chinsinsi cha kupambana kwa Maru-zinali chakuti ambuye Japanese anatha kukwaniritsa kulemera yogawa zida kwenikweni. Tsopano iye cholizira mapewa ake. gawo kulemera anagwa pa ntchafu, kuti amalola kuti kumva mu laminar zida modabwitsa omasuka. Tinali bwino chapachifuwa, chisoti ndi phewa ziyangoyango. The kumtunda kwa chifuwa analandira chitetezo kuzikonzanso. Kunja-maru kutsanzira Lamellar Zida, amene ankawoneka ngati anapanga mbale.

Bracers ndi greaves

Zida chachikulu kenako, ndipo kumayambiriro Ages Middle anali wodzilemekeza ndi zinthu zazing'ono. Mu malo oyamba zinali bracers, atseka dzanja pa phewa wa asilikaliwo m'munsi mwa zala. Iwo anapanga nsalu wandiweyani, amene sewn pa mbale wakuda zitsulo. Mu phewa ndi dzanja, iwo anali ndi mawonekedwe oblong ndi woimbayo awo anapanga anamaliza.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa ntchito bracers zida yoroi anali ankavala yekha kudzanja lamanzere, pamene ufulu kukhala omasuka kuti kuponya muvi ndi uta yabwino. Mkubwela kwa mfuti kufunika wasoŵa. Bracers mwamphamvu atawathira mkati.

Leggings anaphimba kokha mbali kutsogolo kwa atavalanso zoteteza lapansi. Kumbuyo mwendo nthawi yomweyo limakhalabe lotsegula. Miyendo inkakhala ndi zitsulo mbale yokhota kumapeto mawonekedwe. Komanso chidutswa ena zida, anali chokongoletsedwa ndi dongosolo. Kawirikawiri ntchito gilded utoto, amene anakopeka mikwingwirima yopingasa kapena chrysanthemums. greaves Japanese osiyana lalifupi kutalika. Iwo okha kufika m'mphepete kunsi kwa bondo. Pa phazi la Chida ndi imene maliboni awiri lonse womangidwa.

asilikaliwo lupanga

Bladed chida cha Japanese asilikali ali kusanduka limodzi ndi zida. umunthu wake woyamba anali tachi. Iye anapachikidwa pa lamba. Kwa akuba kwambiri chitetezo wokutidwa ndi nsalu wapadera. M'litali mwa m'mela 75 masentimita. Izi lupanga asilikaliwo ankasiyana mawonekedwe yokhota kumapeto.

M'kupita kwa zamoyo mwapang'onopang'ono mbava m'ma XV panali katana. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka m'zaka XIX. Chochititsa chidwi ndi katana anali khalidwe oipa mzere amene anaonekera chifukwa cha ntchito njira yapadera Japanese kulipira. Pakuti processing ndi hilt cha lupanga ntchito khungu stingray. Pamwamba pa silika ake n'zogwirizana riboni. The mawonekedwe a katana lupanga akufanana ndi European, koma osiyana mwachindunji ndi yaitali chogwirira, yabwino kugwira awiri chimanjamanja. Mapeto zakuthwa tsamba zimawathandiza kuti ntchito osati kudula, komanso cholinga. M'manja waluso wa asilikaliwo lupanga anali chida yoopsa.