Culture wa Kievan Lazaro: chidule cha zochita chachikulu cha chitukuko

Mbiri ya Kievan Lazaro chikhalidwe chimakwirira zaka zingapo. Kum'mawa Asilavo anali mgwirizano wandale pang'ono pasanathe zaka mazana atatu. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi m'mudzi mwawo wauzimu unakhazikitsidwa. dera lino, ndi lero uli ndi mphamvu ndithu pa East Asilavo anthu, ataima pambali pa Asilavo zina ndi mwamwambo ankaona kuti kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Chikhalidwe cha akale boma Kievan anafika ife mu umboni wooneka ndi chosaoneka ndi maso IX-XVI zaka: zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, frescoes wapatali ndi zizindikiro za amonke okha mitundu kamangidwe, nkhani yofunika kwambiri olembedwa, epics wowerengeka, akuunika malangizo wauzimu wa akale Asilavo, ndi zina zotero. Pamene anthu kulankhula za chitukuko wakale Russian, kawirikawiri amatanthauza nthawi imene inatenga kuyambira chiyambi cha boma leni m'zaka IX kulimbitsa yomaliza ya ufumu Moscow monga zaka za m'ma XVI.

Culture wa Kievan Lazaro: mabuku mwachidule

Kulemba pawokha ndi gulu osiyana chikhalidwe. Komabe, amagwirizana naye kwambiri. Ndi kupyolera mu malemba sayansi, chipembedzo, zamtendere, ndale malamulo a chikhalidwe kumaonekera. The zikamera wa East Asilavo kulemba makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito za amishonale Greek Orthodox, Cyril ndi Methodius. Ndipo ndi chifukwa malowedwe a Chikhristu tima chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha Kievan Lazaro. The Asilavo anatha salinso zina (kumene, panali anthu ena ophunzira apa ndi pamaso), komanso kuti agwirizane mabuku ndi chitukuko zapamwamba kwambiri pa nthawiyi anali ndi momwe Mkhristu Ufumu wa Byzantium.

N'zosadabwitsa zofunika kwambiri olembedwa zipilala za chikhalidwe wakale Russian anamanga ndi zilembo za Chigilagoliti: izo Izbornik Svyatoslav, ndi Ostrom Gospel ndi ana Homily Monomakh, ndi Russian Pravda wa Yaroslav, ndipo ambiri zikalata zina za nthawi. An malo ofunika kwambiri mu mabuku onena nkhani luso zinachitika: The nthano ya makedzana Zaka Lay, A nthano kutenga Batu Ryazan ndi ena. Komabe, ambiri akale Russian luso wolembedwa ndi sizinawakhudze m'nthawi yake, atenthedwa m'moto wa kuwukira Mongol.

Culture wa Kievan Lazaro: mwachidule za zomangamanga

Mpaka X atumwi kum'mawa zomangamanga Asilavo anali kwakukulukulu umaimiridwa ndi nyumba matabwa. Only mu ulamuliro wa Vladimir akubwera ankadziwa ndi Orthodox Ufumu wa Byzantium, ndi chifukwa cha ambuye Russian kutengera mwambo Greek pa zomangamanga. Pali woyamba mu Russia, ndi yaikulu nyumba mwala. Kumene, chinali pachiyambi mchitidwe umenewu ndi matchalitchi amene ali kwakukulukulu anatengera makhalidwe a prototypes Greek.

Culture wa Kievan Lazaro: mwachidule luso labwino

Mwa zina, Orthodox komanso anakhudza chitukuko cha luso lofotokoza m'misili. Iwo anasonyeza zimenezi makamaka mu frescoes ndi Zithunzi, amene mowolowa manja kuphimba makoma a kachisi. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya luso anayamba penti mafano. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chikoka cha Byzantine chizindikiro kupenta anali kunachokera malamulo kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe cha dziko Russian ngakhale yaitali kuposa zomangamanga.

Culture wa Kievan Lazaro: mwachidule za nyimbo

chikhalidwe nyimbo chimakhudzana womangidwa ndi m'nthano wamba. yotsirizira chimaonetsera makamaka kudzera nyimbo achipembedzo, ndakatulo, epic, ndi zina zotero. Mwa njira, m'dera limeneli ndi mphamvu ya Orthodox Byzantine chikhalidwe anali kwambiri m'munsi. Epics ndi nthano mizu m'mbuyomu chachikunja cha Asilavo.