Msilikali wamkulu Stanislav Petrov: munthu amene analetsa nkhondo ya padziko lonse

Anamasulidwa mu 2014, mkulu filimu kuchokera Denmark, Peter Anthony The amene anapulumutsa dziko ndi nawo nyenyezi Hollywood: Kevin Costner, Robert De Niro, Ashton Kutcher Mat Damon anakuuzirani anthu padziko lonse za zochitika mu Russia pa usiku wa September 26, 1983. Msilikali wamkulu Stanislav Petrov, msilikali ntchito "Serpukhov - 15", positi lamulo mazana angapo makilomita ku Moscow, anasankha, amene kwakukulukulu kudalira pa kuteteza mtendere pa dziko lapansi. Kodi chinachitika usiku umenewo, ndipo kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa anthu?

nkhondo ozizira

USSR ndi USA, mayiko awiri, pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anakhala Otsutsa pomenyera chikoka mu dziko lonse itatha. zotsutsana insoluble zitsanzo ziwiri za bungwe chikhalidwe ndi mfundo zokhumba za atsogoleri wopambana wa maiko ndi kusowa kwa mdani weniweni zinachititsa kuti nkhondo yaitali, amene anapita mu mbiri monga Cold nkhondo. Pa nthawi yonseyi dziko akuikidwa pafupi ndi mliri wa World Chachitatu.

Kugonjetsa Cuba chida Crisis cha 1962 zinali zotheka chifukwa cha atsogoleri andale ndi khama la atsogoleri a mayiko awiri: Nikity Hruschova ndi Dzhona Kennedi, akuwonetseredwa mu njira ya akukambirana pawokha. Nkhondo Cold anali limodzi ndi n'kale lonse mtundu manja, imene chiyambi cha Mipingo ya Soviet Union anayamba kusewera.

Stanislav Petrov, analimbikitsidwa ku Mulingo wa msilikali wamkulu mu 1983 kuti mpweya motetezera USSR Utumiki wa silikhali, anapeza zinthu wozungulira watsopano kukumana kwa mphamvu zazikulu chifukwa vvyazyvaniya USSR mu nkhondo Afghanistan. mivi Ballistic United States ndi m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, Soviet Union pomwepo akudza kuchokera ku nkhani Geneva pa Kusiya.

Downed "747"

Owalamulira, Ronald Reagan (USA) ndi Yuri Andropov (November 1982 - February 1984) anabweretsa mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiri pa chimbuzi ya nkhondoyo kuyambira Cuba chida Crisis. Mafuta moto anatsanulira zinthu pansi pa 1 September 1983 ndi Korea South yonyamula onyamula okwera ndege ku New York. Adasokera njira ndi makilomita 500, "Boeing" anawomberedwa pansi pa Soviet Union interceptor "Lamulungu 15" Captain Gennadi Osipovich. Pa tsiku limenelo, ankayenera mayeso a mzinga ballistic, zomwe zingachititse kuti chisokonezo zoopsa, zinachititsa kuti yonyamula anthu 269 pa bolodi Analeredwa monga reconnaissance ndege.

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, ndi kukhulupirira kuti kusankha kuwononga mipherezero anatengedwa pa mlingo wa mkulu magawano, analimbikitsa mopitirira za Commander Air Force ndi Air silikhali. Boma la Russia anaonekera ndithu chipwirikiti, chifukwa pa bolodi yonyamula downed anatembenuka Pulezidenti Larry McDonald. 7 Only September USSR anazindikira udindo imfa ya ndege anthu. ICAO kufufuza anatsimikizira kuti kupatuka ndege kuchokera njira, koma palibe umboni zochita njira ndi Soviet Air Force wapezeka kutali.

Nkosafuna kunena, mgwirizano wa mayiko akhala kwambiri asokoneza pa nthawi imene ntchito kamodzinso amatipempherera Stanislav Petrov. 1983rd - chaka dongosolo oyambirira chenjezo (a dongosolo la chenjezo chida) USSR anali mu mkhalidwe tcheru nthawi zonse.

ntchito usiku

A nkhani za zochitika pansi "Boeing" Ndi bwino amatha Mwachitsanzo: likhoza zochitika zadzidzidzi, zimavuta ngati dzanja Mlembi General Andropov ndi mantha, kukanikiza shutter kumasulidwa batani kwa kubwezera mu mwambo matenda a nyukiliya ndi mdani.

Msilikali wamkulu Stanislav Petrov, anabadwa mu 1939, pokhala katswiri-katswiri, watenga ntchito zonse pa ulendo "Serpukhov -15" omwe amawunikira za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizinga. Usiku wa pa September 26, dziko adalikugona mwamtendere, chifukwa kunalibe zizindikiro za ngozi. Pa 0 maola ndi mphindi 15 belu mokweza anabangula dongosolo chenjezo oyambirira, kusonyeza chilungamo pa mawu mantha "Start". Zikuoneka kumbuyo kwake: "The roketi woyamba unayambitsidwa, ndi lolondola kwambiri." Zinali za matenda a nyukiliya pa limodzi la zapansi pa US. Palibe malamulo anaganiza mkulu, koma chimene chinkachitika mu mutu wake kwa mphindi yotsatira, mantha lingaliro. Pakuti protocol, iye anali pomwepo unkayenera kuti afotokoze za kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizinga nyukiliya mdani.

No chitsimikiziro cha njira zithunzi, ndi malingaliro mawunikidwe wapolisiyo anayamba ntchito Baibulo zolakwa kompyuta dongosolo. Iye analenga galimoto zingapo, ndi kudziwa kuti aliyense zotheka ngakhale misinkhu mayeso 30. Nenani kwa iye kuti dongosolo zolakwa sizingatheke, koma iye samakhulupirira mu nzeru ya kukulozani mzinga umodzi. Ndipo pa chiopsezo anu amanyamula foni kukanena kwa mabwana awo: "nkhani zonama". Ngakhale malangizo, wapolisiyo udindo. Kuyambira pamenepo, dziko lonse Stanislav Petrov - munthu amene analetsa nkhondo ya padziko lonse.

kuopsa wadutsa

Lero, tikukhala mu wakunja kwatawuni Fryazino wopuma pantchito msilikali wamkulu anafunsa mafunso ambiri, mmodzi wa amene nthawi zonse mmene iye anakhulupirira mwa zosankha zawo, ndipo atazindikira kuti zikachitika yatha. Stanislav Petrov akuyankha moona mtima kuti: "N'zokayikitsa anali makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu." Mayeso aakulu kwambiri - kubwereza kwa chenjezo oyambirira chizindikiro miniti iliyonse, akulengeza yotsatira roketi Launch. Pakhala asanu. Koma khosi anadikira kuti mumve ku njira zithunzi, ndi makina ounikira sumatha cheza matenthedwe. Kuposa kale lonse pafupi zedi kwa tsoka, onse mu 1983. Zochitika zoopsa usiku anasonyeza kufunika chinthu anthu: polakwika zochita, ndi zinthu kuwasandutsa fumbi.

Mphindi 23 zokha msilikali anatha kupuma momasuka, adalandira kutsimikizira kulondola mlandu. Lero, funso limodzi anam'soŵetsa: "Kodi ngati usiku kuti iye anali m'malo naye kudwala ndi malo ake sanali injiniya, mkulu wa asilikali, anazolowera kumvela malangizo?"

Pambuyo usiku powonekera

Mmawa wotsatira pa lamulo anayamba ntchito komiti. Patapita kanthawi, chifukwa adzapezeka onyenga Alamu oyambirira chenjezo masensa: Optics anachita dzuwa angaonekere ndi mitambo. A chiwerengero chachikulu cha asayansi, kuphatikizapo academicians wolemekezeka, kukhazikitsa dongosolo kompyuta. Zindikirani kuti Stanislav Petrov anachita chinthu chabwino ndipo anasonyeza ungwazi, ndiye yosintha ntchito ya gulu la maganizo abwino mu dziko, napempha chilango cha ntchito osauka khalidwe. Choncho, choyamba kapitawo mphotho analonjeza, koma anasintha maganizo awo. Tinazindikira kuti kuyamba kuganiza ndi kusankha, iye linaphwanya hayala. M'malo mphoto mowakalipira namtsata.

Msilikali wamkulu amayenera kuteteza pamaso pa kazembe wa mpweya chitetezo Yu Votintseva kwa chipika unfilled nkhondo. Palibe ankafuna kuvomereza maganizo ochuluka ndi udindo ntchito, mu mphindi pang'ono, akudziwa za fragility la dziko.

Wolimba-kunja

Stanislav Petrov, munthu amene analetsa nkhondo ya padziko lonse, waganiza kusiya asilikali, kutsanzika. Nditakhala miyezi ingapo mu zipatala, iye anakakhala ku dipatimenti asilikali analandira kuchokera m'kanyumba kakang'ono mu wakunja kwatawuni Fryazino, analandira ima pamzere foni. chisankho inali yovuta, koma chifukwa chachikulu anali matenda a mkazi wake, amene zaka zingapo zidachoka, kusiya mwamuna wake mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. Iyo inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri pa moyo wa msilikali wakale, kuti amadziŵa zimene kusungulumwa.

Mu nineties, ndi mtsogoleri wa chida ndi danga chitetezo, Yuri Votintseva mlanduwu kp "Serpukhov - 15" wakhala declassified ndipo aliwerenge, amene anapanga msilikali wamkulu Petrov, munthu wotchuka, osati kwawo, komanso kunja.

Kuvomerezeka mu West

Mkhalidwe kwambiri imene msilikali ku Soviet Union sanakhulupirire dongosolo kulimbikitsa pofuna kukwaniritsa zochitika, chinadabwitsa dziko Western. "Association of World Nzika" pa United Nations anaganiza mphoto wopambana. Mu January 2006, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu anapatsidwa mphoto - ". Munthu yemwe kupewa nkhondo ya zida" mibulu Fano Mu 2012, ofalitsa German anam'patsa mphoto, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, akhazikitsidwe komiti ku Dresden anapereka 25 chikwi. Yuro kwa kupewa nkhondo.

Achimereka pamene akumvetsera kufotokozera za mphoto yoyamba inayamba kuyambitsa chilengedwe cha zopelekedwa ndi filimu za kapitawo wa Soviet. Mulinso anawomberedwa yekha Stanislav Petrov. Ndondomeko anakokera kwa zaka chifukwa chosowa ndalama. chithunzi inafalitsidwa mu 2014, chikwiyire anachita wosanganiza mu dziko.

American kulima

Baibulo boma la zochitika za boma Russian mu 1983 anasonyeza mu zolemba anagonjera UN. Akusonyeza kuti yekha msilikali CA dziko sali opulumutsidwa. Pakuti kp "Serpukhov -15" - si chilli chokha wokhulupirira ulamuliro pa imalankhula chida.

maonekedwe ndi kukambirana zochitika mu 1983, pamene akatswiri anenapo maganizo pa mtundu wa maubale chokhala ndi Achimereka kulamulira nkhokwe nyukiliya la dzikolo. Ambiri amakayikira mphoto, anapereka maganizo awo, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu, kwathunthu choyenerera.

Koma pali anthu amene amaona zimene msilikali wamkulu Petrov dziko unrated mwini.

Kuyambira mawu Kevin Costner a

Mu filimu 2014 Hollywood nyenyezi anakumana ndi khalidwe waukulu ndipo kotero zinapatsira ndi tsoka wake yemwe akugwira izo kutsogolo kwa adalira film, amene sakhoza aliyense osayanjanitsika. Iye anavomereza kuti iye amachita okhawo amene ali bwino ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa iye, koma ngwazi weniweni - anthu, monga msilikali wamkulu Petrov, amene anapanga chisankho anakhudza anthu munthu aliyense mu dziko. Kusankha kukana reciprocal chida Launch ku US kumbali ya dongosolo uthenga wa kumuukira, anapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri, tsopano mpaka kalekale zogwirizana zochita.