Aust bwanji kukula kwa mbewu kunyumba?

maganizo ake zochititsa chidwi eustoma amatha azikongoletsa aliyense bedi maluwa. Wosakhwima maluwa zomera kupanga pamphasa wandiweyani, zayamba kubisala pansi pa masamba obiriwira. Mlendo ku America South osati chitakhazikitsidwa mu M'madera a zitunda wathu monga pachaka, koma nayenso anakhala wotchuka munda maluwa. Eustoma wodzichepetsa, choyambirira ndipo mosalekeza mawu a kamangidwe malo. Komanso akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'nyumba makamaka kudula. Tiyeni tikambirane mmene kukula kwa mbewu za Aust, kumene kudziwa malo komanso m'tsogolo kusamalira mbewu.

Eustoma, kapena "wokongola pakamwa"

"Wokongola pakamwa" - kuti kutanthauziridwa dzina Latin kwa mbewu, wopangidwa mwa mizu awiri: "EU" ndi "stoma". Chotero poyerekeza yophiphiritsa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a duwa. Pakali pano, malo botanical amatchedwa "eustoma" amatanthauza munthu yekha makamaka mtundu - grandiflora. Iwo n'kukagwiritsa mbewu mu 1806 wasayansi R. Salisbury, powona ndi akutama Lizantusom grandiflora. Ndipotu iye anali wokondedwa ndi wamaluwa ndi wafunsira mitundu yambiri ndi osiyanasiyana.

Dzina generic Lisianthus kunapatsidwa kwa oimira banja gentianaceae Irish katswiri ndi dokotala Patrick Brown. Nthawi zina anapatsidwa ngongole kwa molakwika amatamanda Carl Linnaeus. Mukhozanso kukumana pansi pa dzina Texas Aust belu gentian tchire gentian kapena tulip.

Nthano ya duwa

Zosowa ndi zokongola eustoma (kubzala ndi chisamaliro ndi zotchulidwa) ali nthano zake za chiyambi chake. American Indians lilili zaka za mtsogoleri mmodzi wa mafuko, amene anali ndi mwana wamkazi wokongola. Iye anali wokongola kwambiri kuti mu chikondi ndi iye mzimu wa nkhondo ndipo anafuna kutenga namwaliyo akhale mkazi wake. Iye anamukana iye. Umulungu anabwera mkwiyo tsaya komanso anapha mtsikana osauka. Pamalo a manda ake tsiku lotsatira anaonekera wapadzadziko kukongola eustomy maluwa. Kuyambira pamenepo, mu folklore Indian iwo kutchula pa kusalakwa kwa akufa.

M'dera la kukula ndi maluwa kufotokoza

Kuyankha funso mmene kukula kwa mbewu za mbewu Aust, kenako kutchire kapena kunyumba, ayenera kuyamba ndi nkhani za zomera kwawo, komanso zochititsa morphological. mbali ziwiri kwakukulukulu kudziwa malamulo a kusamalira duwa.

Eustomy zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana m'dera n'chachikulu ndithu ndi chimakwirira kum'mwera kwa dziko la USA, mbali kumpoto kwa America South, kamtunda kopita ku chilumba cha Panama, Mexico, komanso ena a zilumba za Caribbean.

Panopa mtundu zikuphatikizapo mitundu itatu: izo Eustoma grandiflorum, kapena Russell, ang'ono ndi Berkeley. Ali ndi ena kusiyana phenotypic, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ali zingapo zochititsa wamba limene ife akukhala. Eustoma ndi herbaceous zomera ndi zovuta tsinde chilili, kufika kutalika 60 cm. Padziko pakati pa iwo amayamba nthambi, pachifukwa ichi, mu pachimake ndi okonzeka zopangidwa maluwa. Masamba chowulungika-lanceolate buluu wobiriwira, wosasamala. Calyx nyuzi woboola pakati, chakuya awiri ukufika 5-8 cm. Pamalo zachilengedwe pamakhala ndi zakuya buluu mtundu mthunzi. Obereketsa andzesera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zimasiyanasiyana mtundu, komanso mawonekedwe Terry.

mitundu eustomy

Musanayambe kuyesa kukula Aust mu mphika kunyumba kapena m'munda, muyenera kusankha mtundu wa mbewu tikulimbana pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Kodi inu zifukwa kwa wogulitsa za chowonjezera yeniyeni, kumbukirani kuti m'misika wathu ndi m'masitolo zapaderazi pamene inu mukhoza kupeza Lisianthus Russell (kapena macranthon). Kuti chogulitsidwa ndi masamba m'chaka oyambirira mu mphika, n'kuiika minda anakumana wamaluwa. Chinthu chapadera cha mitundu - buluu wobiriwira masamba waxy ndi adzitamandire belu woboola pakati buluu (nthawizina woyera) maluwa. Chimakula mu dera la Great m'Chigwa. Photos mitundu imeneyi akuimira mu kafukufukuyu.

Mtundu wachiwiri kudziwika - ndi eustoma yaing'ono (Eustoma exaltatum). Inu mukhoza kuwona chithunzi pamwambapa. Flower yosavuta mawonekedwe, zisanu petal, mthunzi wa pa wotumbululuka Lilac kuti wofiirira.

Mtundu wachitatu - Eustoma barkleyi, lomwe ndi chomera otentha. Choyamba anafotokoza mu 1957.

Kodi kukula kwa mbewu za Aust: mbande kapena mwachindunji mu nthaka?

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, eustoma - chomera biennial. Komabe, mu gulu pakati pa zinthu nyengo likhoza kukhala wamkulu monga pachaka, ndi kokha m'madera kum'mwera - ngati zaka ziwiri. Kufesa mbewu angathe kuchitidwa monga mbande kapena mwachindunji mu nthaka. Yoyamba njira ndi zogwirizana kwambiri kwa gulu pakati, Ural ndipo Siberia, wachiwiri - kum'mwera. Komanso, muyenera khutu ku kapangidwe ka nthaka: kuti zimavuta, mbewu ochepa eustomy chabe kusochera mmenemo ndi chodziwikiratu kuti zimere. Mbande ndi oyambirira June pa kubzala zolondola unakhazikitsidwa kale ndi amphamvu, ndi July chomera limamasula ndi kusunga zotsatira kukongoletsa mpaka chisanu.

kufesa nthawi

Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kudziwa mmene kukula mbande eustomy - ndi nthawi kubzala mbewu. Kuyambira nthawi kumera awo pamaso maluwa limatenga 5-6 miyezi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu Kuti chomera chikule mu June, namuika iye pa mbewu ayenera kukhala pa chiyambi cha January. Komabe, pa nthawi ino ya chaka, masana akadali kochepa, kotero muyenera kuyatsa zapadera.

Ngati mufuna kukula m'nyumba Aust, nthawi mbewu kufesa N'kutheka kusamukira ku chiyambi cha March. Pankhaniyi, kuyatsa chofunika.

Gawo 1: seeding

Kuti mudziwe mmene kukula mbande mbewu eustomy olembedwa ndithu kwambiri. wamaluwa wosadziwa zambiri kuchenjeza kuti ndondomeko imeneyi si wa chophweka ndi zina ndi bwino kuganizira zomera anagula. Kukula lisianthus Ndithudi, mphamvu si aliyense. Mbande whimsical, akufotokozera yaitali, tcheru ndi waterlogging. Komanso, tisaiwale kuti thumba la mbewu (10 ma PC.) Mwa profiled eustomy ndalama avareji rubles kuchokera 40 mpaka 100. Aliyense amene akufuna kukula maluwa, Ndi bwino kusankha granular kubzala zakuthupi (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) ndi miyala peat, monga chithunzi m'munsimu. Izi kwambiri mwayi wanu zotsatira bwino angatsutse.

mapiritsi Peat lalikulu kwambiri osafunika, ndi okwanira iwo omwe ndi ofanana awiri cm 4. Muzikonzekera bwino mini teplichku Mwachitsanzo, ku ma CD ku mkate. Ikani mu chathabwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuwomba kuchokera madzi kuti amalize kutupa awo, owonjezera kuda. Pakati pa aliyense wa iwo kupanga indentation pang'ono ndi mmano kapena machesi ndi kuika mbewu eustomy. M'manda siziyenera, anaika Kumanzere, ndipo anatsekera chivindikiro teplichke. Kafukufuku kuyambirira zambiri zokhudza mmene kukula kwa mbewu za Aust kunyumba, kwambiri zimatithandiza ndondomeko komanso safuna kupanga zolakwa.

Chidebe, pansi pa nyali fulorosenti. kuyatsa zapadera ikuchitika ku mawerengedwe kuti tsiku kuwala eustomy ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 12 maola. Kutentha yabwino kwambiri kumera - ndi + 20-25 ° C masana ndipo palibe C poyerekeza 15 ° usiku.

Gawo 2: zinamera

Ndi zofunika mmene chilengedwe eustomy mbewu kuyamba kumera pa sabata pambuyo kufesa. Mbande yaing'ono kwambiri ndi osalimba, kuyamba pang'onopang'ono. Panthawi imeneyi, mphamvu dongosolo muzu, kotero iwo amafunika chisamaliro chapadera.

Pa nthawi imeneyi n'kofunika kudziwa momwe kukula Aust ya majeremusi timeneti. Choyamba, kutsatira mapangidwe condensation mkati teplichke ndipo mwamsanga kuchotsa izo. Ngati madontho madzi adzagwa pamwamba pa mbewu, pali mosavuta mkulu kukhala bowa ndi imfa. Kachiwiri, ventilate chidebe tsiku. Chachitatu, kuthirira mbande kawirikawiri yekha mukaona kuti miyala ayamba sag. Kuwonjezera madzi chidebe, ndiyeno kuchotsa owonjezera.

Pambuyo kuoneka mbande ya mkazi oyambirira masamba woona, inu mukhoza kuyamba kuwonjezera nthawi ya asamafalitse, potero accustoming kwa mpweya youma chipinda. Mozungulira m'ma March zapadera kuyatsa akhoza alimira kwathunthu kumasulira Aust pa kuwala.

Gawo 3: makhalidwe miphika osiyana

Umboni kuti peat mapiritsi zitsulo mbewu ang'ono, adzakhala maonekedwe a mizu kupitirira. Monga ulamuliro, ndi kuonekera kwa apoyera, ndipo pa nthawi ino mbande ndi awiriawiri 1-2 masamba woona. Sikuti kuzengereza kulanda, mwinamwake mizu adzaphuka nalo la mankhwala (zimachitika mofulumira kwambiri), ndiyeno iwo nawo, pa yomweyo kuwonongeka adzakhala mosalephera.

Pamene kufufuza funso mmene kukula Aust kwa mbewu, m'pofunika kulabadira kukonzekera dothi kubzala. Pakuti mbande ayenera chonde ndi lotayirira nthaka ndi permeability wabwino kwa mpweya ndi madzi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza masitolo katswiri, anaikira violets, kapena kukonzekera m'dziko lawo. Kuti muchite izi muyenera manyowa, zimene peat, wamba munda nthaka wabwino ndi mtsinje anatsuka mchenga. Muwachotse iwo mu chiŵerengero 1: 2: 1: 0,5. Eustoma adalipo nthaka kukhala pH ndale, choncho m'pofunika kuwonjezera chisakanizo cha phulusa nkhuni ndi kuchuluka kwa supuni awiri pa lita pansi.

Mphika yatsopano sayenera waukulu kwambiri, moti 6-7 masentimita awiri. Pa pansi kutsanulira okonzeka wosanjikiza dothi cm 2-3 ndi mopepuka kumangitsa izo. Mosamala, kuyesera kuti kuwononga mizu ya zomera, kuchotsa khungu ku piritsi. Kenako Aust kuika mu mphika ndi kudzaza danga ndi dothi. Ngati mizu adakali utakula kunja ndipo tidakocheza, inu mochedwa, mulibe kuchotsa khungu, kokha mphako mu malo amenewo kumene iwo ali wamng'ono. Sindikiza dziko kuzungulira mbewu, onetsetsani kuti muzu kolala sanali recessed. Kuthirira mbewu, kutsogolera ndege madzi kukafika kutsogolo kwa mphika, osati malo. Pamwamba akhoza mopepuka kuwaza youma mix nthaka.

Gawo 4: Care kwa mbande

chisamaliro chinanso mbande ndi yake madzi okwanira. Nkofunika kuti lembani zomera achinyamata, kulabadira kwa chikhalidwe cha dothi ndi maonekedwe awo. Miphika ndi mbande kuvala m'dera bwino anayatsa (kum'mwera kapena kumadzulo zenera). Ife kuweruza chakuti mmene kukula maluwa kwa mbewu eustoma m'nthaka lotseguka, ndi chipinda, chifukwa pali kusiyana ulimi.

Ngati mukufuna kuti ndikasendeza mbewu m'munda kapena zosiyanasiyana wamtali, muyenera kumuika wina. Kuyenera unachitikira mu mwezi wa March, pa chifukwa chimenechi, kukonzekera miphika masentimita 3-4 awiri, akuluakulu kuposa anthu m'mbuyomo.

Ngati kumene eustoma okonzeka chifukwa chodzala mu miphika ndi mayikidwe wotsatira mu chipinda, pa khonde, khonde kapena loggia, chinthu wapakatikati tingalisiye. Repot mbewu mwachindunji mu mphika, kuti ndi malo okhazikika.

Gawo 5: Thirani mu miphika

Kuphunzira kukula kwa mbewu za Aust ndipo pozindikira nsonga zonse mu ntchito, mukhoza kupita mu gawo lina lotsatira. Pamene Thirani eustomy miphika (kulima m'nyumba) zofunika pansi imvera chimodzimodzi, koma kukula bwino Mpofunika kuwonjezera 1 supuni aliyense malita atatu nthaka Kusakaniza nitrophosphate kapena NPK. Mosamala kusuntha feteleza pansi, monga lisianthus tcheru fetereza owonjezera ndipo zingachititse amayaka.

Pansi pa miphika mosamala kutsanulira kukodzedwa dongo wosanjikiza makulidwe a masentimita 2-3. Mitundu Undersized angakhale okwanira mphika masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake kapena m'lifupi. Kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ya miphika, kuwonjezera pansi kuposa dongo kukodzedwa. Thirani kwambiri wosanjikiza ka mix nthaka, kuchotsa mbande ku mphika ndi mwaukhondo (kukhalabe lapansi kathakal), kuziyika izo mu chidebe latsopano. Unkafuna kukhuta ndi nthaka ndi mopepuka ting'onoting'ono basi. Ndiye kuthirira mbewu ndi kuwaza pamwamba pa nthaka youma.

mawu ochepa za mmene kukula Aust kunyumba. Care la mu malo m'nyumba ndi yosavuta. Ikani miphika ndi chomera pa malo owala, si mantha dzuwa, ndi iwo adzakhala okondwa yekha. Mu nthawi ya chirimwe eustoma woyenera wamba firiji ndi m'nyengo yozizira - kofunika kusunga pa 16-18 ° C. Kutsirira akhale wochuluka, tiyeni nthaka kuti ziume pang'ono pakati. Izi mbadwa chomera otentha wakonda mpweya achinyezi, nthawi zonse kugwedeza kutsitsi ake.

Amene akufuna kuti mutenga chomera m'munda, pa funso mmene kukula duwa eustoma m'masunagoge. Magawo zovuta kwambiri (ndi mbewu ndi mmera lalikulu) anadutsa. Komabe, m'pofunika kusunga mbewu panja, ndipo nawonso amafuna ena khama.

Gawo 6: ankafika pansi lotseguka

Pambuyo Aust kukula kwa mbewu bwinobwino ntchito, ndipo inu ndi mbewu yabwino, sibwino kuwononga iwo. Musawafulumizitse kwa ikamatera m'nthaka, ngakhale kuopseza akudutsa kubwerera kwa chisanu. Masiku ali mwachindunji amadalira zone nyengo, pafupifupi pakati pa May - chiyambi cha June. Malangizo pa nkhani yosankha malo ndegeyo ndi yokonza kusakaniza nthaka mofanana eustomy chakula chikhalidwe mphika.

Nthawi akadakwanitsira kubzala - madzulo kapena tsiku mitambo. Bzalani zitsamba pa mtunda wa 15-20 masentimita Chrixitu kupewa thickening.

Gawo 7: Kusamalira zomera panja

nsonga pamwamba pa momwe kukula kwa mbewu za Aust kunyumba, ndi kuchita poyerekezera ndi nthawi msewu. Kupalira, kuthirira, feteleza, kumalima nthaka, kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale inflorescences akale - izi ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu zimene muyenera tcheru.

Choyamba, samalani ndi kuthirira. Nkofunika kupeza malo pakati, monga eustoma Kukubweretsera masautso osati chinyezi muyeso, komanso kufooka kwake. Pamene zomera kupanga awiriawiri 6-8 masamba, mukhoza prischipnut nsonga yotithandiza mapangidwe mphukira mbali. Feteleza zomera ndi kukonzekera mchere zovuta ikuchitika ndi ndondomeko muyezo.

Kachiwiri, Kupalira ndi kupalira. njira kuvomerezedwa mbewu zonse. Pamene kuthirira musaiwale kumasula dothi, koma osaya, kuonetsetsa mwayi kwa mpweya kuti mizu.

Kachitatu, bwinobwino kuchotsa maluwa chinazilala. Kotero mbewu adzayang'ana neater, kupatula pali kuthekera kuti pambuyo masabata 6 izo pachimake kachiwiri.

Mu chipinda chikhalidwe eustomy zochepa atengeke tizirombo ndi matenda, kutsutsidwa kwa nthawi ya msewu. zomera ndi ambiri atengeke botrytis, maonekedwe amene chikugwirizana ndi ulamuliro kuphwanya madzi. Ku ngozi tizirombo ndi whiteflies ndi napusaki. Kuchitira Street eustomy pofuna kupewa kangapo pa nyengo fungicide ndi tizilombo.

Ndingatani ntchito mbewu zanga?

alimi ambiri novice akudabwa ngati n'zotheka kukula Aust kwa mbewu analandira kuchokera zomera zawo. Iwo ali mayankho awiri. The choyamba - kotero, ngati eustomy wanu sanali wosakanizidwa. The chachiwiri - palibe, ngati maluwa muwoloka mankhwala ma CD anali chizindikiro F1. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kuti eustomy mbewu adzakhala ngati zomera makolo ndi otsika, osalephera, adzakhala akuwaza malinga ndi muyezo zosiyanasiyana.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse zokhudza mmene kukula kwa mbewu za Aust. Yembekezerani-mpaka begonia, lobelia ndi mitundu yokongola deciduous ndi anansi ake zodabwitsa pa khonde, khonde kapena pa bwalo. iye wakonda payekha m'munda. Monoposadki mu flowerbeds pamodzi malire kuyang'ana chidwi. Musaiwale kuti eustoma oyenera kudula mu maluwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zitsamba, zomwe kupasuka osachepera 3-4 ya duwa.