Ballad - tingachipeze powerenga mabuku Mitundu

"Ballad" - mawu amene wabwera mu mawu Russian chinenero Italy. Iwo anamasuliridwa kuti "kuvina", ku mawu oti "ballare". Choncho, ballad - kuvina nyimbo. Olembedwa ntchito zotero mu ndime, ndipo mavesi ambiri. Dziwani kuti anachita yekha ndi limodzi nyimbo. Koma pa nthawi, ballad kuvina ndinayima. Kenako chiyani atembenuke. ndakatulo Ballad anayamba kuvala epic yoopsa kwambiri tanthauzo.

M'munsi polemba chinenero chimenechi

ndi ballad Kodi mu mabuku? Choyamba, ali mmodzi wa Mitundu chofunika kwambiri romanticism ndakatulo ndi sentimentalism. Dziko kuti alakatuli adayandikira ku m'Chiarabu wake, enigmatic ndi mwachinsinsi. Pali ngwazi wamba ndi makhalidwe enieni ndiponso kufotokozedwa.

N'kosatheka kuona munthu ngati Robert Burns, amene anakhala tate wa polemba chinenero chimenechi. Pa malo a ntchito izi yakhala munthu, koma alakatuli amene ntchito m'nthawi XIX-TH, amene asankha polemba chinenero ichi, tikudziwa kuti mphamvu anthu sangathe nthawi zonse kupereka mwayi kuyankha funso lililonse ndi kukhala zonse kunachitika mwini tsogolo lake. N'chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri ballad - ndakatulo chiwembu chomwe chimanena pathanthwe. Mwa ntchito zimenezi ndi monga "Mfumu ya Nkhalango." Lidalembedwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo Johann Volfgangom Gote.

miyambo zaka zambirimbiri

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ballad - ndi mtundu wanyimbo amene akusinthasintha ndipo akupitiriza apitirire. Mu Middle Ages ntchito izi zinali nyimbo ndi mutu wa kunyumba. Anachita anawazunza akulankhula za achifwamba, ntchito mtima wa Ankhondo, ankhondo mbiri, komanso pa zochitika aliyense amene akhudza miyoyo ya anthu. Kuyenera munanena kuti mkangano wakhala pa mtima wa ballad iliyonse. Iye akanakhoza zikuchitika pakati aliyense - Makolo ndi ana, mnyamata ndi mkazi, ku nkhondo ya adani kapena lochitira chikhalidwe. Koma mfundo ndi yakuti - mkangano anali. Ndi Zapakati chinali chinthu chimodzi kwambiri. Ndiye, mmene akumvera mumtima izi Zomwe analemba zochokera chakuti nkhondo modabwitsa pakati pa imfa ndi moyo anathandiza kuyamba amazindikira tanthauzo ndipo ndicho kukhala.

Mofulumira za mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba

Kodi kukhala otsatira ballad? Ndi chidwi nkhani, monga XVII ndi zaka XVIII, izo sukukhalakonso monga mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba. Nthawi imeneyi, pa masewero siteji ya khalidwe m'nthano, kapena anthu amene adamuwuza za ngwazi za mbiri yakale. Ndipo izo zonse zinali kutali moyo wa anthu watsiku ndi tsiku. A pang'ono kale ankati pakati m'Chiarabu - ndi anthu.

Koma m'zaka za lotsatira, XIX, ballad kamodzinso anaonekera mu mabuku, komanso nyimbo. Tsopano izo zakhala mtundu wanyimbo ndakatulo, ndi phokoso chosiyana ndi ntchito za olemba monga Lermontov, Pushkin, Heine, Goethe ndi Mickiewicz. Mu mabuku Russian kuonekera mu zaka za m'ma 19, pamene anabwerera ku linakhalapo mu Europe. Mu Russia pa nthawi imeneyo, mwambo wa zoyerekeza-classicism sanachedwe chifukwa cha German chikondi ndakatulo. Choyamba Russian ballad inali ntchito yakuti "Gromval" (Mlembi - GP Kamenev). Koma nthumwi yaikulu ya mtundu wanyimbo izi zolembalemba ndi VA Zhukovsky. Iye anapatsa yoyenera dzina - "balladnik".

Ballad ku England ndi Germany

Tikumbukenso kuti German ndipo English ballad zinali zakuda khalidwe. M'mbuyomo, anthu ankaganiza kuti mavesi amenewa litapita Norman agonjetsi. English Nature ouziridwa maganizo, amene anakhudzidwa fano kwa mphepo yoopsa ndi nkhondo wamagazi. Ndipo bards anaimba m'Chiarabu za maphwando ndi nkhondo Odin.

Izo analamula kuti mu Germany mawu otero monga ballad ndi, ntchito ngati ndi mawu ndakatulo, zimene zalembedwa mu khalidwe la Scotland ndi English nyimbo zachikale. Action mwa iwo, kawirikawiri akufotokozera episodic kwambiri. Mu dziko lino, makamaka ballad anali wotchuka m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa XVIII ndi chiyambi cha lotsatira, pamene romanticism bloomed ndipo anaonekera ntchito za olemba aakulu ngati Goethe, Heine, Burger, Uhland.

Ballad monga mtundu wanyimbo zolembalemba

Features wa mtundu wanyimbo "ballad" ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu chibadidwe ntchito zolembedwa mu mawonekedwe osiyana. Choncho, ayenera kukhala chiwembu ndi pamaso pa vuto, kukwaniritsidwa ndi denouement. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa malingaliro a anthu ndiponso maganizo a wolemba. Ntchito ndi pamodzi weniweni wosangalatsa. Pali yachilendo (zachikondi) malo. ballad zonse kwenikweni wodzazidwa ndi chinsinsi ndi intrigue - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu kwambiri. Nthawi zina chiwembu m'malo ndi kukambirana. Ndipo, ndithudi, ntchito polemba chinenero ichi ophatikizana epic ndi m'nyimbo chiyambi. Komanso, olemba, amene achita ballad, anathanso kupanga ntchito zambiri wosapita m'mbali kuti palibe njira kuganizira tanthauzo lake.