Fluorspar, fluorite kapena: ofotokoza ndi ntchito katundu

mchere zimenezi mumtundu kwambiri - kuchokera zachikasu ndi pinki kwa nsaru ndipo ngakhale wakuda. Komabe nthawi zina kawirikawiri, pali ngakhale nthawi ya discolored. Izi fluorite - mwala kuti ali zana anthu ndi ntchito yomweyo.

Fluorspar: thupi katundu

mchere wakhala kudziwika kwa anthu m'njira ina kuchokera kalelo. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizapo limatsogolera wa ores, amene anathandiza msanga ndiponso mosavuta kukadziyeretsa iwo ku mphala. Lofanana fluorspar, amene ntchito yambiri Mineralogy - fluorite. dzina lina kugwirizana ndi mankhwala chilinganizo - kashiamu fluoride.

Fluorspar zambiri kiyubiki mawonekedwe makhiristo ndi luster galasi. Mtundu siyana: pali chikasu, buluu, mdima buluu, wofiira, pinki, wakuda, wofiirira ndi mitundu ina. Komanso, timibulu kungakhale colorless, ngakhale ali osowa. Chekeni zonal - zingamvekere kutentha ndi kuwala kwa magetsi.

Fluorspar ali katundu chidwi kwambiri: photo- ndi thermoluminescence. Kuwonjezera chakuti zitsanzo ndi aunika mu luchenie mdima anatinso atadziŵa kutentha ndi UV kuwala. Pa 1360 madigiri Celsius mchere chimasungunula.

Dzina spar, ngakhale mbiri yake mwachilungamo yaitali, anapatsidwa yekha mu XVI atumwi, Georgiem Agrikoloy, 'tate' wa mineralogy. Mwachionekere, dzina la fluorite (kuchokera fluores ndi Latin) anasankhidwa mwina chifukwa legkoplavnosti wake, kapena chifukwa cha ntchito zake mu processing wa ores. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, fluorine nalo dzina lake - fluorum - ndi kwa mwala, osati n'zosiyana, chifukwa chinthu mankhwala koyamba yotengedwa mchere imeneyi. Kotero, ife tikudziwa za fluorite?

Dongosolo ndi mankhwala katundu

Oyera fluorite - ndi CaF _2. Komabe, nthawi ili ndi zosafunika zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zinthu osowa lapansi. Iwo alibe inakhudza kwambiri pa katundu wa mwala, kusintha yekha khalidwe la mtundu.

Fluorite ali anachitira ndi chidulo cha safuriki, kupereka kuchokera fluoride poizoni wa hydrogen, nthawi zambiri linaphetsa inhalation experimenters anafuna lodziwika bwino nthanthi mwala. Kotero kuti mchere mizu "ya ziwanda" kutchuka.

Ndi iwo unakonzedwa, ndi mankhwala ena fluorine, komanso mchitidwe mu maonekedwe ake angwiro. Komanso, pa zinthu otchuka ali ndi asidi hydrofluoric.

mitundu

Fluorite - mwala ndi anthu zana, chifukwa ndi pafupifupi zonse mitundu ndi mithunzi. Malinga ndi iye, monga ulamuliro, ndi kusiyanitsa ena a mitundu yake:

• antozonite - osiyana khalidwe mdima wofiirira mtundu, lili ambiri elemental fluorine nyukiliya;
• hlorofan - mtundu wa wobiriwira, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa ayoni samarium mu zikuchokera limatchedwanso ndi emarodi yabodza;
• ratovkid - yodziwika ndi magenta mtundu buluu violet kapena wanthaka ndi zabwino-grained;
• ittroflyuorit - zikomo kwa m'malo kashiamu ndi yttrium kuti cheza amakhala achikasu mithunzi.

Pachikhalidwe fluorspar kolakwika kwa mchere wofunika .. topazi, emeralds, amethysts, etc. Komabe, n'zosavuta kusiyanitsa. Fluorite - mwala, osati zosiyana kuuma, choncho n'zosavuta kuti zikande ndi mpeni kapena singano. Pa za Mohs lonse izo limafanana ndi chiwerengero 4. Mbali imeneyi ndi penapake kovuta pokonza mchere, makamaka ngati tikulankhula za ntchito yabwino kwambiri.

m'zigawo

Fluorspar - mmodzi wa mchere wamba. madipoziti ake amapezeka dolomite, anajambulapo ndi Madziwo ores. Iwo limodzi ndi ena miyala khwatsi, galena, calcite, gypsum, apatite, topazi, tourmaline, etc ...

Waukulu kudziwika madipoziti zili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Germany, mu England, kulikonse ku Central Asia, ku China, ku US, ku Central America, komanso mu Trans-Baikal, Buryatia, Primorsky Krai. Kawirikawiri, pali nthawi ya 5-6, kawirikawiri mpaka 20 masentimita. The Waogula Zinthu Kunja yaikulu ya mchere Mongolia, China ndi Mexico. Komanso ndi katundu wofunika kwa fluorite kuwala ndi Kazakhstan.

ntchito

Monga tanenera kale, anthu akale ankadziwa fluorspar mchere. Kuligwiritsa ntchito, anapeza mwachilungamo msanga: angachite chiyani zinthu ka mbale, ziwiya, mitundu yonse ya zokongoletsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Roma, mbiya likutchedwa murine ndi ofunika kwambiri kwambiri.

Ndi chitukuko cha zitsulo ntchito, izo unkachitika kuti fluorite mchere ndi fluxing kwambiri, i.e. ores Sachita mfundo limatsogolera, zimatithandiza kulekana kwa slags.

Kenako, ndi kudzikundikira ena kudziwa zimapangidwira, komanso ankagwiritsa ntchito yokonza mankhwala koyera ndi fluorine. Makamaka, komabe fluorite (CaF chilinganizo ₂₎ ntchito monga zipangizo zimene zotsatira mu chidulo hydrofluoric. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'madera ambiri a makampani Mwachitsanzo, ziwiya zadothi ndi ziwembu, simulating othimbirira galasi. Choncho, kuti Musaone kufunika kwa fluorite mchere si kophweka.

Komanso, kuli tsopano kofunikira kwa kupanga enamels ndi glazes ntchito yapadera mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane Optics kamangidwe ka lasers ndipo, ndithudi, zina anayamikira jewelers. Ndi woyenera chithandizo kukongola ngale anachuluka, kotero kuti kupikisana ndi anyamata ake mfulu ndi osowa.

Jewelcrafting

Fluorite - ndi mchere omwe nthawi zambiri n'kuchoka okwera mtengo kwambiri ndiponso yosowa miyala - .. Citrine, emarodi, ametusito, etc. Komabe, akatswiri nthawizonse zakhala zovuta kunyenga. Koma sichinayambe ntchito kawirikawiri pamene oyika ku lokongola lino mwala: softness ndi pafupi Kuvuta izi processing mlanduwo imangokhala tanthauzo. The kuchotserapo anali Mipikisano wachikuda fluorite, kaphatikizidwe ambiri mithunzi. Komabe, kupanga zodzikongoletsera yotchipa ndi mankhwala osavuta, iye ntchito lero.

katundu lachinsinsi ndi zamatsenga

Ngati mchere ambiri, fluorite ndiye kuti azitha kuchiritsa matenda ena ndi atsogolere boma. Choncho, lithotherapists analangiza kuchita malonda kutikita pamenepa odwala mwala akudwala mutu, khunyu, angapo sclerosis. Ena amakhulupirira kuti amathandiza kuchotsa meteozavisimosti ndi kutopa, kuchepetsa maganizo ndi matenda tulo.

Koma esoteric, fluorite amaganiza kuti katundu zodabwitsa kwambiri: akukhulupirira kuti ndi stimulator amphamvu kukula mwauzimu. Timatha inu kuloza moyo wawo ndi chuma m'dera la dera ozindikira maganizo. Akukhulupirira kuti chithumwa cha fluorite amateteza adani ndi kuonjezera mphamvu maganizo mawunikidwe kwa okwana mphamvu wamphamvu positive.