"Banja lina - mwana mmodzi" - Ndale mu China

China - mmodzi wa mayiko waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Izi mbiri yakale. Mabanja ambiri ndi ana ambiri a m'dzikoli. m'gawo China, ngakhale ambiri, koma anthu pa iyo owonjezera. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, akuluakulu aganiza bwanji zinthu zaziwerengero, amvekere lamulo "banja limodzi - mwana wina".

Features ya lamuloli

mfundo polima mu dziko mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. Akufotokozereni chakuti pa nthawi ino China, panali anthu ambiri mabanja akuluakulu. Chifukwa cha chuma ichi pansi ndi muyezo wa amoyo. Iwo anali paliponse kuthetsa mabanja akuluakulu - iwo basi analibe mamita lalikulu zokwanira moyo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mabanja amenewa amafuna chisamaliro cha ubwino wawo boma ndi zina zotero. Choncho, mabanja ndi mwana mmodzi yekha inaperekedwa bwino kuti zotheka kuti nthawi boma. Ndipo amene chifukwa ena anabadwa ana, chilango ranges kuchokera 4 mpaka 8, ndalama zambiri pachaka wa chigawo kumene banja moyo. Makolo kwenikweni owomboledwa ana.

"Banja lina - mwana mmodzi" - Ndale mu China - anali umalimbana kuchepetsa anthu mu 2000 kuti anthu 1.2 biliyoni. Chosavuta miyeso utsogoleri, analimbikitsa mwakhama kulera, mimba unakhala wotchuka. Koma chifukwa China anali asezare?

Chiyambi m'mbiri kuti ana ambiri ku China

China anatchuka chifukwa ambiri, kuyambira nthawi ya asilikaliwo lapansi. Iwo zimayesetsa chitukuko m'dziko, pamene akazi awo anali mabanja ndi ana. Mwambo umenewu wakhala akufunafuna mwakhama anapitirizabe Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Panthawi imeneyi, akuluakulu a boma anaona kuti anthu ambiri anaphedwa mu dziko mu chikhalidwe kunali kofunikira kukweza mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma, ndipo chinaperekedwa kwa unsembe wa mabanja akuluakulu. Mwakhama kulimbikitsa kubadwa kwa ana m'banja la 3-4.

Pamene anthu anayamba kukula mofulumira anayeserapo zasintha kuchepetsa mitengo awa, anayambitsa kukaniza zosiyanasiyana mabanja. Koma poipa kwambiri muyeso wa chikoka pa nkhaniyi zaziwerengero mu dziko linali lamulo "banja limodzi - mwana mmodzi," China. Iwo anali mwalamulo anatengera mu 1979.

Makamaka amaganizira anthu mu China

lamuloli ndi kale pa nthawi imene anali mbuna zake ndi zovuta. Chirichonse chokhudzana ndi peculiarities wa nkhani chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chiŵerengero cha kugonana mkazi. Mu China, palibe kulembetsa kwa kubadwa, ndi kulembetsa ndi anthu chabe chiwerengero cha anthu omwalira m'banja chifukwa 1 chaka mwamuna. Njira imeneyi zosakhutitsa pempho kwa chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu mu dziko, chotero izo ziri zoposa ziwerengero.

Lamulo la "banja limodzi - mwana mmodzi" yomweyo anathamangira ku mavuto pa mlingo jenda. Mu dziko lino, palibe maganizo oterewa cha kugonana mkazi, monga ku Ulaya. Akazi pali m'munsi kwambiri kuposa amuna pa udindo ndi ufulu. Choncho, pamene iye anaonekera mu banja loyamba, makolo mobisa anayesa kupeza chilolezo kuti mwana wachiwiri. Kunapezeka kuti akuluakulu kusankha amene kubereka kachiwiri, ndi omwe si koyenera.

Monga ana akukhudzana chuma dziko?

Chifukwa cha malamulo a "banja limodzi - imodzi mwana" Akuluakulu tidakali ndi lothandiza. Kapangidwe m'badwo wa anthu Chinese zasintha anasintha mabanja ndalama njira. Per mwana boma akapeza ndalama zambiri osachepera atatu kapena asanu. Chifukwa, ndi pachimake ndi funso la ukuwonjezeka malipiro, potero kukhalabe ntchito wotchipa ku thanzi okwera pagulu. Komanso azimayi, anamuchotsera udindo kusunga diso pa ana aang'ono ntchito kupita ku ntchito, amenenso wokondwa zabwino bwino chuma cha boma. Komanso akuluakulu analibe kuganizira mmene kudyetsa ndi kuphunzitsa ana chachiwiri ndi wotsatira pambuyo pawo.

Zonsezi ndi wabwino, ndipo ngakhale nthawi yangwiro ya dziko pamene ana ali aang'ono, ndipo ngakhale pang'ono akale. Koma malamulo a "banja limodzi - mwana wina" (China) ali pa nthawi asonyeza ndi kumbuyo mbali. Tinayamba ndi mavuto amene nthawi yomweyo, OSAWERENGEKA.

Owonjezera akulu Chinese

Pamene inali nthawi ya ochepa anthu okalamba Chinese, palibe amene anaganiza zimene zidzachitike lotsatira, ndi maulamuliro, nakhuta ndi malamulo a "banja limodzi - mwana wina". mavuto anayamba kuyandikira kwa chaka 2010-TH: anthu adagawanso, anthu a zaka zapakati wakhala dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa kwambiri. Pambuyo pawo tsopano anafunika kusamalira, koma panalibe wina kuti achite izo. Anthu ntchito ndi achangu, ndi achinyamata si kokwanira.

Dziko komanso sanali wokonzeka mfundo penshioni imene boma amalandiranso udindo zili okalamba. Choncho, ambiri Chinese anakakamizika ngakhale zaka 70 kuyesetsa kuti apeze zofunika pa moyo.

Panali vuto la kopanda okalamba. Panali katundu zina pa yothandiza anthu awa dosmatrivaniyu. Zinali ngati kuti m'banja limodzi pa nthawi anali munthu mmodzi yekha amene akanakhoza salinso kuchepetsa nkhawa thupi.

kudzikonda ana vuto mogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma la

The chachiwiri mbuna lamulo "banja limodzi - mwana mmodzi" wakhala vuto la kuphunzitsa ana. Pa dzanja limodzi, n'zotheka kumanja polera mwana, kumupatsa zonse muyenera zambiri, koposa kupereka zonsezi kwa zisanu ndi ziwiri. Koma ambiri aona kuti ana akhala zokha. Ngakhale ndinali chitsanzo, pamene mayi anali ndi pakati pa mwana wachiwiri ndi woyamba Mtsikana kuika mkhalidwe wake kapena amayi zimapangitsa mimba, mtsikana wodzipha yekha. Ichi chinali chifukwa chilakolako odzikonda kulandira kwa makolo chidwi zonse ndiponso osagwiritsa kuuza wina aliyense.

Vuto la mimba kusankha

Popeza mtima wa akazi Chinese, komanso malamulo chiwerengero cha ana m'banja, n'zosadabwitsa kuti makolo ndikanakonda kuti ndikhale mnyamata. Koma kugonana si predskazhesh, azinji atoma mpata kuzindikira iwo amene akhale posachedwapa kuchotsa atsikana osafunika.

Panali ntchito lamulo kukhazikitsa ultrasound kudziwa kugonana yoopsa, ngakhale ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo. "Banja lina - mwana mmodzi" - Ndale mu China - zinachititsa kuti mimba kusankha amene wamba mwa akazi Chinese.

Vuto lopeza akazi ana Chinese

Chifukwa, pambuyo pa mliri wa kubadwa kwa anyamata zambiri chepetse chiwerengero cha atsikana a dziko. Poyamba, ichinso sanaone vuto lililonse. Bwino ndi mnyamata banja, amene ndiye adzakhala breadwinner. Politics, ngakhale mu mabwalo ena zasintha dzina lake: ". Banja lina - mwanayo maphunziro apamwamba" Makolo amanyadira kuti adzalipereka kwa mwana wake maphunziro a quality, monga adakhoza kumuphunzitsa.

Koma zaka ziyenda, atsikana dziko kuchepa, ambiri anyamata, ndipo pali wina vuto - Kufunafuna mkazi kapena mwamuna. Mu China, pa nthaka imeneyi yapita patsogolo amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. The zifukwa zambiri mapiko ndi owonjezera anthu wamwamuna. Ena Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti achinyamata amachita akazi okhaokha mabwenzi, okonzeka kulowa m'banja chikhalidwe, ngati pali kuthekera. Pa nthawi, chiwerengero cha anthu wamwamuna chimapambana pa akazi monga mmene anthu 20 miliyoni.

Kubadwa mu Hong Kong. owonjezera akuchikazi

Politics, walola kuti alibe mwana kuposa m'banja, ndiyo kuumba a kubadwa kwa mwana. Choncho, akazi ambiri Chinese, amene asankha pa mwana wachiwiri anali kupita kubereka kudera lina - mu Hong Kong. Pali malamulo sakhala kuyeza, ndipo palibe mmodzi quotas iliyonse. Koma vuto unachokera mu dziko laling'ono. Ndipotu, chiwerengero cha akazi Chinese ndi mkulu, ndi mphamvu lakonzedwa apakati kuchipatala yololedwa mwalamulo anthu Hong Kong. Chifukwa, osati akazi onse kumeneko amatha kubereka mu malo omasuka - m'zipatala sanali malo okwanira. Akuluakulu a m'mayiko awiriwa anayamba kumenyana ndi "mayi wa zokopa alendo."

Tsogolo la dziko mfundo imeneyi

mfundo maphunziro ndi mwana mmodzi yekha China kwachititsa kuti zikamera wa chinsinsi latsopano la holide pagulu - Tsiku wa ana amapasa. Banja ankaona chochitika chachikulu cha kubadwa kwa mapasa, monga linawapatsa ufulu kulera ana awo awiri. Kodi mphamvu kapena anayesa kuletsa izo, koma sudzalowa ndi chikhalidwe. Makolo nkhulongera kuti iwo adzakhala ndi mapasa, chimwemwe chawo ankadziwa Palibe malire - amawathandiza chabwino amwana wachiwiri ndi banja chawonjezeka ndi monga awiri chozizwitsa yaing'ono. Dziko inayamba kulinganiza zikondwerero mapasa pankhaniyi.

Koma lamulo limeneli siligwira ntchito kwa numerically yaing'ono ing'onoing'ono dziko, amene musalumphe anthu 100 zikwi mu chiwerengero lonse la China. Anthu amenewa analinso mwayi - iwo ali ndi ufulu kubereka ana ambiri momwe mukufunira.

Mwa kupenda mavuto onse ndi mbuna anatengera pa mapeto a 70s wa mzaka zana makumi awiri lamulo la mwana mmodzi pa banja, akuluakulu China abwera kuganiza kuti m'pofunika kuti afewetse mawu ake ndipo powukitsidwa anthu kubala, osati mwana mmodzi. Chifukwa cha "banja limodzi - mwana mmodzi" - Ndale mu China - yayimitsidwa. Zimenezi zinachitika mu October 2015.

utsogoleri dziko wavomereza lamulo latsopano kulola mabanja ndi ana awiri. Malinga Zoneneratu awo, izi vuto la mimba kusankha, sadzakhala pantchito ya anyamata banja, ndipo ambiri amalola kukula patsogolo ndi atsikana. Kuwonjezera, kodi amenewa kuchepa lakuthwa mu anthu aang'ono, m'malo a makolo awiri chakale ana awiri. Komanso, osati akazi onse Chinese akhoza kukhala ana, ndipo ena adzakhala ndi mwana mmodzi. Choncho, zinthu zaziwerengero sasintha kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo latsopano.

"Banja lina - imodzi mwana": ndondomeko Kulipira

Kumene, pali mphekesera za nkhanza za atsogoleri Chinese poyerekezera chonde. Ine anapumira zosavuta kwa anthu a dziko lino, pamene potsiriza anathetsa 1 January 2016 lamulo la kubadwa kwa mwana m'banja. Koma ngati izi inalamula? Analimbitsa nkhawa za makhalidwe abwino zikuluzikulu za anthu. Chinthu ndi chilamulo mu mphamvu kwa zaka 35, wakhala mwamphamvu zosemphana ndi zofuna chuma dziko. N'chifukwa chake malamulo a "banja limodzi - mwana mmodzi" yayimitsidwa. Kodi amapereka dziko lino, ndi makolo achinyamata?

Ena Chenjerani Kulipira izi, monga kuvomereza lingaliro la mwana Boom. Koma kuopa kusintha zakuthwa zinthu zaziwerengero sikuthandiza. mfundo ndi yakuti mu zaka zaposachedwapa (kuyambira 2013th) kale unachitikira easing mfundo - analoledwa ndi ana awiri m'mabanja mmodzi wa akazi a anakulira m'banja. Choncho, Chinese pang'onopang'ono wokonzedwera kwa mfundo Kulipira.

Ana mabanja Kulipira - ndi kamphepo kayaziyazi. Ndipotu, pa mlingo malamulo sankaloledwa akatenge "mafumu pang'ono" - ana wodzikonda ndi abale awiri zonse kunachitika la anthu, amene akhoza kukhala mu timu.