The zida ndi ntchito mfundo za galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu. Asynchronous mtundu galimoto: ntchito Mfundo kulongosola nchito

Mofanana ndi Motors kwambiri, AC kupatsidwa ulemu galimoto (BP) ali amodzi akunja gawo amene amatchedwa ndi stator ndi ozungulira onsewo mkati. Pakati pawo panali mosamala masamu mpweya kusiyana.

Kodi ntchito?

Kulengedwa ndi ntchito Motors asynchronous, monga ena onse, maziko choti actuate chisonyezo cha ozungulira pogwiritsa ntchito maginito kasinthasintha. Zitatu gawo AD ndi mtundu wokha wa galimoto, imene analenga mwachibadwa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha mphamvu. Mu Motors DC limagwiritsa ntchito makina kapena kusinthitsa kompyuta, ndi mu umodzi-gawo AD - Zowonjezera zigawo magetsi.

Ntchito galimoto, muyenera kukhala ndi miyeso iwiri electromagnets. The opaleshoni mfundo za galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu ndi chimodzi aumbike mwa stator monga kwa kumulowetsa chikugwirizana AC udachokera. Malinga ndi malamulo Lenz, iwo induces mu ozungulira ya mu atomu mphamvu (EMF) chimodzimodzi monga voteji kwachititsa yachiwiri akutsirizika wa thiransifoma ndi kupanga china electromagnets. Choncho wina dzina BP - kupatsidwa ulemu galimoto. The zida ndi ntchito Motors asynchronous chimayendera mfundo zimene zimachitika pakati pa minda ya maginito ya electromagnets awa amapanga gulu torsional. Chifukwa, ndi ozungulira imazungulira motsogozedwa ndi makokedwe chifukwa.

stator

The stator tichipeza mbale angapo woonda zitsulo zotayidwa kapena chitsulo anaponyedwa. Iwo mwamtundu wina ndi mzake kupanga dzenje pakati yamphamvu ndi grooves. Ayikidwa mawaya lotsekedwa. Gulu lililonse la windings pamodzi ndi pakati ozungulira kuthira ndipamene alternating electromagnet panopa. chiwerengero cha mitengo yonyamulira AD zimadalira yogwirizana mkati mwa windings stator. Iwo oterowo kuti pamene kulumikiza mphamvu zoyendetsera anapanga onsewo maginito.

ozungulira

The ozungulira tichipeza mbale zingapo woonda zitsulo ndi uniformly wabwino za periphery ndodo zotayidwa kapena mkuwa. Mu mtundu wake wotchuka - shorted kapena "gologolo khola" - malekezero a ndodo ndi umakaniko ndi electrically chikugwirizana ndi mphete. Pafupifupi 90% a BP amagwiritsa mamangidwe, chifukwa ndi losavuta ndi odalirika. The ozungulira imakhala cylindrical laminated pachimake ndi grooves axially kufanana anakonza zoti ochititsa unsembe. Aliyense poyambira zoyenera ndodo zamkuwa, zitsulo zotayidwa kapena aloyi ndi. Iwo yochepa circuited mbali zonse ndi mphete mapeto. Izi zikufanana ndi gologolo khola, chifukwa cha zomwe ndi ndiri ndi dzina labwino.

ndi ozungulira mipata si ndithu ikufanana ndi m'dzenjewo. Amachita ndi skew kakang'ono zifukwa ziwiri. Woyamba ndi kuonetsetsa uyende kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchepetsa phokoso maginito ndi harmonics. The chachiwiri ndi kuchepetsa mosavuta za ozungulira snagging: mano ake amachita ndi stator kagawo chifukwa mwachindunji maginito kukopa therebetween. Izi zimachitika pamene nambala n'chimodzimodzi. ozungulira yaikidwa pa kutsinde njira mayendedwe pa mapeto. gawo limodzi nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, kuti katundu galimoto. Mu ena injini kumapeto ulesi wa kutsinde wokwera masensa liwiro kapena malo.

Pakati stator ndi ozungulira pali kusiyana mpweya. Kudzera kulanda mphamvu. The makokedwe kwaiye amachititsa ozungulira atembenuza ndi katundu. Kaya mtundu wa ozungulira, ndi zida ndi ntchito mfundo za galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu amakhalabe sichinasinthe. Childs, magazi ali m'magulu malinga ndi chiwerengero cha windings stator. Kusiyanitsa Motors limodzi ndi gawo atatu magetsi.

Kulengedwa ndi ntchito limodzi-gawo kupatsidwa ulemu galimoto

Single-gawo magazi kudawerengedwa kwa Mbali yaikulu ya Motors za magetsi. M'pake kuti wang'ono mtengo ndi wowumitsa utumiki injini ntchito nthawi zambiri. Monga dzina lake likunenera, cholinga, ntchito ya kupatsidwa ulemu galimoto mfundo ya mtundu uwu zochokera pamaso pa stator chimodzi chokha kumulowetsa ndi umodzi-gawo gwero mphamvu. mtundu wonse wa magazi ozungulira ndi gologolo.

Single-gawo Motors musayambe paokha. Pamene galimoto ya chikugwirizana kwa magetsi ndi waukulu kumulowetsa alternating panopa umayamba kuyenda. Iwo amapanga pulsed maginito. Chifukwa kupatsidwa ulemu ozungulira imapatsidwa mphamvu. Popeza waukulu maginito nyemba kumunda, ndi makokedwe chofunika atembenuza galimoto ndi, si kwaiye. The ozungulira akuyamba kunjenjemera osati Zungulirani. Choncho, osakwatiwa-gawo AD kumafuna choyambitsa. Iwo akhoza kupereka kutsogolera koyamba, kuchititsa kutsinde kusuntha.

Kuyambira limagwirira ndi umodzi-gawo magazi imakhala makamaka a stator zina kumulowetsa. Iye akhoza limodzi mndandanda capacitor ndi centrifugal lophimba. Pamene voteji kotunga panopa kuti waukulu kumulowetsa voteji lags kumbuyo chifukwa kukana ake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, magetsi poyambira kumulowetsa ndi kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo kwa kotunga voteji malinga ndi impedance a hule. Zimachitika pakati pa minda ya maginito kwaiye waukulu kumulowetsa ndi dera kuyambira amapanga ndi chotsatira maginito. Iwo imazungulira mu njira imodzi. The ozungulira akuyamba kubwerera m'mbuyo wa kumunda chotsatira maginito.

Pamene galimoto liwiro ukufika pafupifupi 75% ya mtengo mwadzina, n'kuyamba centrifugal disconnects chiyambi kumulowetsa. Komanso, injini amakhala ndi makokedwe yokwanira paokha. Kupatula Motors ndi poyambira capacitor, onse Motors osakwatiwa-gawo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mphamvu osati choposa 500 Watts. Malinga njira zosiyana poyambira, ndi umodzi-gawo AD zina wachinsinsi, monga afotokozera mu zigawo zotsatirazi.

BP kugawanika gawo

Ntchito chipangizo ndi ntchito injini asynchronous ndi gawo kugawanika zochokera ntchito m'menemo wa windings awiri ndi pachimake kuyambira. Launcher unapangidwa awiri ang'onoang'ono waya ndi ochepa akutembenukira wachibale waukulu, kulenga kukana wamkulu. Izi zimathandiza kuti oyendetsa munda wake maginito pa cham'mbali. Kumasiyana ndi malangizo a munda waukulu maginito, imbaenda ku kasinthasintha wa ozungulira lapansi. Zikugwira ntchito koyilo, womwe wapangidwa za mawaya a awiri akuluakulu, galimoto umagwirira ntchito yonseyi.

Poyambira ndi otsika, zambiri 100 mpaka 175% ya mwadzina. injini amagwiritsa mkulu poyambira panopa. Iye nthawi 7-10 kuposa mwadzina ndi. Zolemba malire makokedwe ndi nthawi 2.5-3.5 kwambiri. mtundu wa galimoto ntchito chopukusira yaing'ono, mafani ndi blowers, komanso ntchito zina zofuna otsika makokedwe mphamvu Watts kuchokera 40 mpaka 250. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito injini ngati kumene m'zinthu kuja pa kapena amafuna mkulu makokedwe.

BP kuyamba capacitor

Condenser mtundu galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu ndi mfundo zake za ntchito zachokera chakuti koyilo kuyamba gawo ake kugawanika capacitance chikugwirizana pa mndandanda, kupereka chiyambi "Kugunda". Monga mitundu ina ya m'mbuyomu injini, palinso lophimba centrifugal. Iwo disables dera kuyambira pamene galimoto liwiro ukufika 75% ya mwadzina. Popeza capacitor ndi chikugwirizana pa mndandanda, izo amalenga wamkulu poyambira makokedwe, kufika 4.2-khola la ntchito. A panopa kuyambira ali ambiri mu mwadzina nthawi 4,5-5,75, umene uli kwambiri poyerekeza nkhani ya kugawanika-gawo, chifukwa cha mawaya yaikulu mu kuyambira kumulowetsa.

Chimake kusinthidwa losiyana sitata galimoto ndi kukana mkati. Mu mtundu uwu wa mphamvu injini m'malo mwa resistor a. Kukana ntchito milandu kumene m'munsi poyambira makokedwe kuposa ntchito capacitor. Kuwonjezera mtengo wotsika, izo sapereka ubwino pa capacitive chiyambi. injini zimenezi zimagwira ntchito mayunitsi ndi lamba pagalimoto: conveyors yaing'ono, mafani lalikulu ndi mapampu, komanso zipangizo zambiri ndi galimoto mwachindunji kapena ndi zida.

AD ndi ntchito gawo-kusuntha capacitor

The zida ndi ntchito injini kupatsidwa ulemu wa mtundu uwu zochokera kugwirizana kwamuyaya kwa capacitor chikugwirizana pa mndandanda ndi kuyamba kumulowetsa. Pambuyo exiting injini pa liwiro oveteredwa amakhala wothandiza poyambira dera. Popeza chidebe ayenera lakonzedwa kuti ntchito mosalekeza, izo sangathe kupereka koyamba zimachitika poyambira capacitor. The kuyambira makokedwe a otsika izi galimoto. Iye 30-150% ya mwadzina ndi. Kuyambira panopa ndi yaing'ono - zosakwana 200% ya mwadzina, amene amapanga Motors magetsi a mtundu uwu abwino kumene chofunika pafupipafupi kusintha osinthasintha.

Izi angapo ubwino. Chiwembu mosavuta kusinthidwa ntchito ndi Mtsogoleri liwiro. Motors magetsi zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa kwa dzuwa akadakwanitsira ndi mkulu mphamvu china. Iwo amaonedwa odalirika kwambiri za Motors osakwatiwa-gawo zambiri chifukwa centrifugal chiyambi lophimba ndi sanazizolowere. Iwo ntchito mafani blowers, ndi zambiri monga chipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, mu zimagwirira kusintha, machitidwe a kutsegula zitseko ndi zitseko garaja.

BP ndi kuyambira ndi kuthamanga capacitor

The zida ndi ntchito mfundo za galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu wa mtundu uwu zochokera yotsatana poyambira capacitor olumikizidwa kwa koyilo kuyambira. Izi zimathandiza kuti alenge makokedwe kwambiri. Komanso, ali ndi capacitor okhazikika chikugwirizana pa mndandanda ndi wothandiza kumulowetsa pambuyo ananyamuka chidebe. chiwembu Zimenezi zimathandiza lalikulu zimamuchulukira makokedwe.

Mtundu wa injini lakonzedwa m'munsi mafunde zonse katundu, amene amaonetsetsa Mwachangu wake wamkulu. Izi zili zodula kwambiri chifukwa kukhalapo kwa poyambira, opaleshoni capacitor ndi lophimba centrifugal. Ntchito makina kupala matabwa, compressors mpweya, mapampu madzi kuthamanga, mapampu zingalowe ndi kumene mkulu makokedwe chofunika. Mphamvu - kuchokera 0,75 kuti 7.5 kW.

BP ndi mzati shaded

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu wa mtundu uwu lili mu choona kuti ali chimodzi chokha chachikulu kumulowetsa ndipo palibe chiyambi. Start wapangidwa chifukwa mbali yaing'ono iliyonse zake stator ali mphete kutetezedwa mkuwa, umene ndi maginito mderali kumbuyo kumunda gawo unshielded. Mogwirizana minda iwiri kumabweretsa kasinthasintha wa m'dzenjewo.

Popeza palibe chiyambi-mmwamba koyilo kapena capacitor kapena magetsi, galimoto ndi electrically yosavuta ndi yotchipa. Komanso, liwiro lake akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi mosiyanasiyana ndi voteji kapena mafupa okhaokha kumulowetsa. The injini kapangidwe ndi mitengo isagwe amalola kuŵeta. Nthawi zambiri ankaona "munthu wolemera", monga mtengo kwambiri m'malo kuposa kukonza. Kuwonjezera makhalidwe abwino mu njira yotere amagwiritsa ntchito zovuta:

• Low makokedwe wofanana 25-75% ya mtengo oveteredwa;
• mkulu Pepala (7-10%);
• otsika Mwachangu (zosakwana 20%).

The mtengo wotsika koyamba amalola ntchito mtundu wa magazi pa zipangizo otsika kapena infrequently ntchito. Tikuyankhula zokhudza tsiku ndi tsiku zimakupiza Mipikisano liwiro. Koma otsika mapeto makokedwe, dzuwa otsika ndi otsika makhalidwe makina salola ntchito yawo malonda kapena mafakitale.

Zitatu gawo AD

Motors izi ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani. Kulengedwa ndi ntchito atatu gawo kupatsidwa ulemu galimoto anatsimikiza ndi ntchito yake mamangidwe - ndi khola kapena chilonda ozungulira. Kuponyedwa ake sikutanthauza ndi capacitor kuyamba kumulowetsa, centrifugal lophimba kapena chipangizo china. Kuyambira mfundo zambiri, ndi wamtali, komanso mphamvu ndi dzuwa. Ntchito makina akupera, lathes, makina kuboola, mapampu, compressors, conveyors, ndi ulimi makina.

BP anatseka ozungulira

Izi atatu gawo asynchronous galimoto, mfundo opaleshoni ndi zida omwe tafotokozazi. Mlandu pafupifupi 90% ya Motors onse atatu gawo. Yopangidwa mphamvu Watts 250 kilowatts mazana angapo. Poyerekeza ndi Motors osakwatiwa-gawo ku 750 W, iwo ali otsika mtengo ndipo akhoza kulimbana katundu wolemera.

BP chilonda ozungulira

Kulengedwa ndi Opaleshoni atatu-gawo asynchronous galimoto ndi Motors kupulumuka mphete amasiyana magazi a "gologolo khola" kuti ozungulira waika wa windings, malekezero a omwe si yochepa circuited. Iwo amalembedwa mphete kolemba. Timatha inu kulumikiza izo resistors kunja ndi contactors. Zolemba malire makokedwe mwachindunji njila kwa ozungulira kukana. Choncho, imathamanga otsika mwina zidzawonjezedwa kuonjezera kukana. Zonyamula zimathandiza kupeza makokedwe ambirimbiri pa otsika poyambira panopa.

Monga kulimbikira amachepetsa mathamangitsidwe wa ozungulira kusintha makhalidwe a galimoto kuti ziyeneretso katundu. Pambuyo galimoto umalandira liwiro m'munsi, resistors kunja olumala. Ndi galimoto magetsi ntchito monga kuthamanga yachibadwa magazi. mtundu ndi abwino mkulu inertial katundu, napempha ntchito makokedwe pafupifupi ziro liwiro. Imakhala mathamangitsidwe kwa pazipita mu nthawi yochepa ndi mowa osachepera mphamvu.

A sangathe a injini zoterezi ndi kupulumuka mphete ndi maburashi ayenera kukonza zonse, amene si chofunika kwa galimoto ndi yochepa circuited ozungulira. Ngati ozungulira kumulowetsa ndi shorted ndipo anapanga pofuna kuyamba (T. E. chipangizo The wobwezera BP muyezo), adzakhala kwambiri panopa otaya. Ndi nthawi 14 lalikulu kuposa oveteredwa pa makokedwe otsika kwambiri ndi 60% ya momwe ziriri pano. Nthawi zambiri ntchito sapezeka.

Ndi kusintha rotational liwiro kudalira makokedwe ndi kulamulira ozungulira kukana akhoza zosiyanasiyana liwiro pa katundu wina. Zimakhala bwino kuwanyeketsa ndi pafupifupi 50% pamene katundu amafuna variable makokedwe ndi liwiro wamba mu makina aakulu, compressors, conveyors, chimakweza ndi zikepe. Ndichepe mlingo pansipa% zotsatira 50 mu dzuwa otsika kwambiri chifukwa apamwamba mphamvu madyaidya ndikuledzera mu resistances ozungulira.