Barsakelmes Island mu Nyanja Aral

Barsakelmes - kale chilumba wachiwiri kukula, ndipo tsopano - thirakiti kumpoto kwa Nyanja Aral adzauma, m'chigawo Kyzylorda cha Kazakhstan. Dzina Barca Kelmes ( "kupita - sanabwezere"), malinga ndi nthano, chikugwirizana ndi tsoka zomvetsa chisoni mabanja angapo amene anali atathawira pa chilumba panthawi ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Kudutsa chipata m'nyengo yozizira pa ayezi, anthu anadukana mikuntho gombe anawononga ayezi mlatho. Iwo anakwanitsa apulumuke yozizira ndi kusaka nyama ndi mbalame, kufalitsa moto wa saxaul ndi kusungunuka chisanu, koma m'chilimwe maiwe a meltwater adzauma, ndi othawa onse anafa ndi njala.

Features chilumbacho

phunziro anayamba ndi Barsakelmes Butakova ulendo mu 1848. Chilumba palokha ndipo Nyanja Aral pa mapu angaonedwe pansipa. Kuyambira pamenepo, asayansi aona kuti gawo ili la dziko kusintha kukula kwake. Ichi ndi chifukwa madzi amphamvu shoaling. Mwachitsanzo, m'ma 1960, chisumbucho chinali 23 Km m'litali, mu 1980 - 30 Km, akafika m'dera la 300 sq. Km. Mu 1990s, monga kuyanika mosungiramo Barsakelmes inasanduka chilumba, ndipo ndi 2009 nyanja padziko wauma ndipo anakhala malire zachilengedwe a Chile.

nyengo

Island Barsakelmes Aral Nyanja ndi zikuchepa chokhala nyengo dera. Izi zimaoneka mu lalikulu yofanana nyengo ndi diurnal kutentha. chidutswa cha dziko wa North-nyengo dera Turan zone chipululu. pafupifupi July kutentha - + 25 ° ... + 26 ° C, pazipita - + 42 ° ... + 44 ° C. Mu February ambirife kwa -10 ° C kwa -13 ° C. Mlingo wotsikitsitsa kutentha unali wolunjika pa kuzungulira -36 ° C.

Yaitali ozizira nthawi (khumi zoyambirira za December kwa khumi zoyambirira za March), koma amakhala ndi thaws kawirikawiri ndi ziro kutentha. Nthawi zikutanthauza kutentha owonjezera 0 °, kumatenga masiku 227-237 kuchokera March kuti 20/25 8/13 wa November. The osazizira nyengo anapereka kwa masiku 173-178.

Mu nthawi yotentha chinyezi ndi otsika, mitambo 10 okha% (yozizira - 50%). Spring yochepa, ndipo chisanu kusungunuka mofulumira. Mvula ndi otsika - 126-128 mamilimita pa chaka, ndi ambiri a iwo kugwa mu nyengo yozizira. The miyezi kwambiri mvula - April ndipo October. Kuimba chisanu chivundikiro akuya masentimita 10-15 ndi 40 unachitikira masiku 80-90. mozama nthaka yozizira koopsa ndi 45 cm. M'nyengo yozizira chisanu pafupipafupi mphepo yamphamvu. Nyanja kuyanika nyengo anapanga akuthwa, pafupifupi chilimwe kutentha ananyamuka 2-2,5 ° C, yozizira waponya 1-2 ° C.

The zikuchokera kwa nthaka

Island Barsakelmes mpaka 1965 anali kwambiri madzi kumtunda. Awa anali makamaka lagoon nyanja, limene lili mbali ya kumadzulo. Madamu awa ndi malo okwana mahekitala 490, kuya awo mamita 1.5-2. Nthaka ankaikira dera Aral Nyanja - imvi bulauni, kuphatikizapo saline ambiri ndi takyr-mchere. Nyanja kuyanika zinachititsa amenewa pamwamba apamwamba chifukwa kusamuka mphepo nyanja mchere.

mpumulo

Island mu Nyanja Aral mpumulo lagawidwa pawiri. The choyamba - okwera yachonde kum'mwera ndi kutalika pazipita mamita 108, wachiwiri - otsika kumpoto. Mu kumpoto, kumadzulo, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa milu ya mchenga ili m'mphepete mwa zakale. M'lifupi akamafika makilomita awiri kumadzulo, 200-440 mamita kummawa.

anthu

Mpaka chiyambi cha m'ma XX, chisumbucho chinali bwinja Barsakelmes, anthu okhazikika pa izo zikusowa. Fotokozani kuti anali osavuta. Choyamba, ichi ndi chifukwa malo ndi nyengo makhalidwe. Mu zaka 1929-1939 pa Barsakelmes anachita kusaka kotheratu "Soyuzpushnina" anali nyumba mu Manor chapakati ndi dugouts, makola a nthawi agologolo nsomba pansi. Madamu zosakhalitsa kusonkhanitsa mvula madzi ndi chipale zinamangidwa kwa zosowa za anthu komanso chilumba cha ziweto kunja ndi agwape.

malo Barsakelmes

Mu 1939, chilumba malo opatulika unakhazikitsidwa, mmodzi wa amene ntchito ndi kubalana a mitundu kawirikawiri ndi pangozi. Back mu 1929, anatulutsa Barsakelmes saiga, mu 1953 - kulan, zomwe zinakonzedwa kuti domesticate ndi kuwoloka ndi akavalo kubala nyulu. Mwa mwezi wa atumwi izo zinapangidwa acclimatization insa, kalulu, njale-sandstone, fizanti ndi partridge. Kula ndi mbawala anali zinthu zazikulu chitetezo, koma pambuyo 2009 ng'ombe anasiya chilumba ndi momwazikanamwazikana steppe lapansi. Saiga pofika cha 1980, chiwerengero anali anthu ena 30, ndi ena onse kapena kuponyamo chifukwa cha kusaka kusalankhula, kapena atidye kwa nkhandwe, amene anadzakhala pachilumbachi masiku amenewo. Mwina, mbali ya gulu kudzera yozizira ayezi anasamukira ku Chile.

masamba dziko

Barsakelmes chilumba kusiyana ndi nthumwi zapadera za zomera ndi. Angiosperms ndi 257 mitundu otsata 172 genera 46 mabanja. Chogwidwa ndi goosefoot, amene muli 41 mitundu, kuphatikizapo wamba kwa louma zone wakuda saxaul, Anabasis Salsa ndi boyalysh. Ponseponse herbaceous halophytes, komanso mitundu ya Kinoya ndi Climacoptera. banja ukufanizidwa ndi monga chimanga ambiri ndi zosalimba m'cipululu wheatgrass ndi nthenga. imvi chowawa apambana mwa Asteraceae. Cruciferous - 26 mitundu, ambiri deskurenii Sofia ndi Goldbach. Nyemba ndi n'kukhala kwambiri, koma m'madera ang'onoang'ono zina chogwidwa ndi mchenga mthethe, Grandiflora caragana ndi ngamila minga. mabanja awa asanu ndi mwini 57% ya nyama wamba.

Ambiri, mbewu dziko wa Turan m'chigawo floristic. Kazakhstan kuderako mitundu: nthenga Turgay, melkokolyuchkovy Kandy waminga Kinoya, petrosimoniya ouma tsitsi, mitundu yambiri ya chowawa: switchgrass, pyatidolchataya, chabwino pamtima. m'nkhalango zambiri za bwemba. Mmodzi wa zokongoletsa ndi Barsakelmes chipululu saxaul minda, ndi msinkhu wa mamita 2.5-3 kuima.

dziko nyama

inakhala lapadziko 20 mitundu, mwa iwo okha amphibian, zobiriwira umodzi wa achule moyo pafupi mayiwe kwa kanthawi. Pakati pa zokwawa ambiri takyr guloyo. zachilendo cottonmouth Sitimayo inagunda, muvi-njoka, squeaky nalimata, tikukhala mu Anabasis Salsa-seropolynnoy chipululu. The dune buluzi anapeza kudya. Kawirikawiri mitundu ndi coluber ndi steppe fulu.

Island Barsakelmes wolemera zosiyanasiyana oimira mbalame. The avifauna tichipeza mitundu za 211 za mbalame, onse kukaikira mazira ndi kusamuka. M'dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja kamodzi zinapeza malo okhala wosalankhula tsekwe, vuwo lopotana, mallard, garganey, imvi bakha, shoveler, Stilt, Caspian tern. Great kuwonongeka kwa zitsulo pansi pa magombe ndi zilumba mchenga, nkhandwe ntchito. Pa ovuta lokhalamo shelduck, wakuda wotchera, pleshanka, thanthwe mpheta, jackdaw, European njuchi yowola, ndi zaka kukaikira mazira Mbalame zodya nyama - saker kabawi ndi kestrel.

Nyama ndi 1990 kunali mitundu 12: wamng'ono ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono mafuta tailed mbewa yoyenda modumpha mbewa yoyenda modumpha (Mbadwa), bicolored shrew, njale-sandstone (mitundu malonda), imvi hamster, nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi ena anakumana kale Korsak anali mu 1960 anawonongedwa ndi nkhandwe ..

kuti adzimvera

mbiri chilumba ndi chidwi kwambiri. About iye lodziwika bwino. Izi m'dera la dziko wapadera ndi mwachinsinsi. Anthu ambiri amanena kuti nthawi amaona (ola pachilumba ukugwira kwa masiku kumtunda). Pali mbisoweka zombo zazikulu kuti kusambira mu Nyanja Aral. Pa mapu, womwe wapangidwa pa nthawiyo, chisumbu sitingachisonyeze, kuyambira 2009, izo unatha chifukwa kuyanika ndi ambiri a m'deralo.