Nyukiliya subterrene "Nkhondo Mole". Chinsinsi chitukuko Soviet

Munthu kwa nthawi yaitali anakopeka lakuya pansi, ndiye kuti mlengalenga, likulu la dziko kukwaniritsa. Koma zinali zotheka kwa ena kutali yekha mu mabuku a nthano sayansi ndi nthano. Masiku ano subterrene - si chabe zongopeka. chitukuko bwino ndi kuyezetsa m'dera limeneli ikuchitika. Mutawerenga nkhani yathu, mudzaphunzira zinthu zambiri zokhudza makina monga subterrene.

Mobisa bwato mu mabuku

Zonsezi zinayamba ndi kuthawira zapamwamba. Mu 1864, Zhyul Vern lofalitsidwa buku wotchuka lotchedwa "Ulendo kwa Center a Dziko Lapansi". otchulidwa ake adatsikira ku likulu la dziko lathuli kudzera mwa chamoto. Mu 1883, anafalitsa buku "Mobisa moto" Shuzi. Mu izo m'nkhaniyi, ntchito ndi zokumbira, kunapangitsa kwanga pakati padziko lapansi. Komabe, m'buku ananena kuti maziko a dziko motentha. Alexei Tolstoy, Russian wolemba, anachita bwino. Mu 1927 iye analemba "The hyperboloid wa akatswiri okonza Garin". Hero ntchito njira yake pafupifupi mwathunthu kudzera mkati mwa dziko lapansi, ndi humdrum ndipo ngakhale ndi ena olamulirawo.

olemba onsewa amanena kuti n'zosatheka zifukwa. Mfundo anali kwa woyamba ndi akatswiri, anthu anzeru ndale za 19 mochedwa - m'ma 20. Komabe, lofalitsidwa mu 1937 "subsoil Opambana 'Grigoriy Adamov Zavumbulutsidwa kwa vuto watsiku ndi kupambana kwa akuluakulu a USSR kumenya mkati dziko lapansi. Kamangidwe, amene anali m'buku lake subterrene ngati mlandu zojambula chinsinsi CB. Kodi mwangozi izi mwangozi?

Kukula loyamba

Tsopano palibe adzatha kuyankha funso limene anapanga maziko a basi molimba Grigoriya Adamova. Komabe, kungoona deta zochepa zilipo, chifukwa iwo akalipo. Injiniya oyambirira, omwe ankati analenga Zojambula za dongosolo mobisa, anali Petr Rasskazov. injiniya izi mu 1918, anaphedwa ndi nthumwi za nzeru German, amene anaba kwa iye zolembedwa zonse. America ndikukhulupirira kuti chitukuko loyamba anayamba , Thomas Edison. Komabe, zambiri kwambiri kuti ikuchitika pa mapeto a 20-30-ntchentche za m'ma 20, akatswiri ku USSR A. Treble, A. ndi A. Baskin Kirilov. Iwo apanga woyamba dongosolo mobisa mwadiya.

Komabe, anafuna pongofuna zolinga yothandiza, amagwirizana ndi kupanga mafuta, kuti atsogolere ndondomekoyi ndi kukwaniritsa zofuna za Bomali. Monga maziko, iwo ndi Mole ichi kapena zikuchitika kale mderali Russian kapena yachilendo akatswiri - zovuta kunena. Komabe, amadziwika kuti mabomba a Ural ili pansi Phiri Grace, ikuchitika mayesero "heats" mwadiya. Kumene, chitsanzo anaonanso buku m'malo ang'onoang'ono, osati makina zonse kunachitika kompyuta. Zikuoneka zinkafanana okololawo kenaka migodi ya malasha. Pamaso pa zopindika, injini odalirika, mlingo wozengereza malowedwe anali Mwachibadwa chitsanzo choyamba. Anaganiza kuti zithe podzemohodu ake.

Amaopa tikupitiriza zomangidwazo

Patapita nthawi, nthawi ya mantha misa. akatswiri ambiri anawomberedwa amene ankachita nawo ntchitoyi. Koma madzulo a nkhondo mwadzidzidzi anakumbukira "Zitsulo Mole". Nthumwi za akuluakulu kachiwiri subterrene chidwi. Boma la Russia ankatchedwa P. I. Strahov katswiri kutsogolera munda. Pa nthawi kuti ntchito curator pa pomanga yapansi mu Moscow. A wasayansi mu kukambirana ndi D. F. Ustinovym, amene lotsogoleredwa ndi Commissariat zida, anatsimikizira maganizo a nkhondowo ntchito podzemohoda. Anasankhidwa kukhala wotsalayo zojambula bwino chitsanzo experimental.

The nkhondo kaye ntchito

anthu Mwamsanga zikutanthauza zida zofunikira akhala allocated. subterrene Russian amayenera kukhala okonzeka mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka. Komabe, Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, zikuoneka linasokonekera ntchito. Choncho, boma ntchito monga chitsanzo experimental sichinayambe atsopano. Iye wasungira tsogolo la ntchito zina zambiri - chitsanzo anali anachekedwa pa zitsulo. Dziko pa nthawi ino chitetezo ofunika kuposa ndege, akasinja ndi sitima zankhondo. Ndipo kuopa Sakubwerera zambiri bwato mobisa. Iye anatumidwa kwa kumanga bunkers.

sitima zankhondo German

zomangamanga amenewa, ndithudi, komanso chinkhoswe mu Germany. superweapon aliyense kuti akhoza kubweretsa yachitatu ndi Ulamuliro wa Nazi dziko ulamuliro kunali koyenera kuti utsogoleri. Mu Nazi Germany, malinga ndi mfundo analandira pambuyo pa mapeto a nkhondo, zinali chitukuko cha magalimoto mobisa asilikali. Ndondomekozi dzina la oyamba - Subterrine (ntchito Trebeletskogo R. ndi H. Von Verna). Mwa njira, ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti R. Trebeletsky - ndi A. Treble katswiri amene anathawira ku dziko la Soviet Union. Kukula chachiwiri - Midgardschlange, amene anawamasulira zikutanthauza "Midgard Njoka". Iwo Ritter ntchito.

Titamaliza wa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo za akuluakulu a Soviet anapeza pafupi Königsberg chiyambi osadziwika gallery, pafupi ndi amene ali zotsalira za dongosolo chakumene. Anthu ena amanena kuti ndi zotsalira za "Nyoka wa Midgard".

No zochepa chidwi anali polojekiti "Nyanja Mkango" (dzina inayo - Subterrine). Ngakhale mu 1933, Horner Von Werner, ntchito yokonza German, Chatuluka ndi setifiketi izo. Malinga ndi dongosolo, gulu ili angafikire liwiro la 7 m / h. Pa bolodi angakhale anthu 5, ndi warhead kulemera kwa makilogalamu 300. zida izi Komanso amasamukira mobisa osati kokha, komanso pansi pa madzi. Izi sitima zapamadzi mobisa yomweyo wachinsinsi. ntchito chidali yachokera asilikali.

Za iye, mwina palibe amene anakumbukira ndikanapanda anayamba nkhondo. Ankayang'anira ntchito ya usilikali Graf Von Stauffenberg adalisolola kwa Archive lapansi. Iye akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito Hitler chifukwa cha nkhondo ya British Isles sitima zapamadzi. Iye amayenera mwakachetechete kuwoloka English Channel ndi mwachinsinsi kupita pansipa pansi pa malo ankafuna.

Komabe, madongosolo awa sanali adzabwera woona. Hermann Göring anali kukhulupirira Hitler kuti England kuti akukakamiza agonje kwa mtengo kwambiri komanso waliwiro kuposa mabomba wamba. Choncho, ntchito sanali ikuchitika, ngakhale Goering ndipo anali kukwaniritsa lonjezo lake.

Kuphunzira polojekiti "Nyanja Mkango"

Pambuyo kugonjetsa Germany mu 1945 pa malire a dziko lino anayamba mumtima atasemphana. ogwirizana wakale anayamba akupikisana wina ndi mzake kuti likhale zinsinsi asilikali Germany. Mwa ena mwa German ntchito chitukuko mobisa bwato wotchedwa "Nyanja Mkango" anali m'manja mwa Abakumov, General SMERSH. Gulu, anatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa GI Pokrovskii ndi G. I. Babata, chinkhoswe kuphunzira mwayi pogwiritsa. Chifukwa, ofufuza loletsa zotsatirazi chiweruziro ndi - podzemohod Russian akhoza kumwedwa asilikali.

Development M. Tsiferova

mobisa yake chida nthawi yomweyo (mu 1948) analenga injiniya M. Cífer. Iye ngakhale chikalata chosonyeza kukopera wa USSR kukhala torpedoes mobisa. Limeneli liyenera akhoza kusuntha paokha mkati mwa dziko lapansi, pamene osauka liwiro la 1 m / s!

Kumangidwa kwa fakitale chinsinsi

Mu Soviet Union, azungu anayamba kulamulira, Khrushchev. Zinali zofunika mu Mliri wa Chidani nkhondo trumps, zankhondo ndiponso zandale. Akatswiri ndi asayansi, amene anaikidwa vutoli, ife akufuna njira kuti wandipitirira kuti gawo lina la chitukuko cha ntchito ya kulenga ngalawa mobisa. Iwo amayenera kuchita ndi injini nyukiliya, mtundu wa sitima zankhondo woyamba anali riyakitala nyukiliya. mbewu ina chinsinsi anali kumangidwa mu zotheka nthawi yaifupi kuti yopanga woyendetsa. Malinga ndi malamulo Khrushchev pa chiyambi cha 1962 m'mudzi Hromovka (Ukraine) anayamba kumanga ake. Posachedwa Khrushchev analengeza poyera kuti imperialists ayenera kupeza osati kuchokera malo komanso kuchokera pansi.

Development wa "Nkhondo ya Mole"

Patatha zaka 2 fakitale analemba Soviet mobisa bwato. Iye anali riyakitala nyukiliya. Mobisa sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya dzina lake "Nkhondo Mole". Kamangidwe anali titaniyamu choncho. Dyetsani ndi mphuno zinatchulidwa. Subterrene "Nkhondo Mole" awiri mpaka 3.8 m, ndipo kutalika kwake inali mamita 35. La anthu asanu anali adalira. Komanso, subterrene "Nkhondo Mole" anatha kutenga pa bolodi tani mabomba, komanso 15 paratroopers ena. Nyukiliya riyakitala "kulimbana Mole" analola bwato kufulumizitsa 7 m / h.

Chifukwa nyukiliya subterrene "Nkhondo Mole" anali nalo?

Nkhondowo ntchito, amene anaikidwa kutsogolo kwake, - chiwonongeko cha nkhokwezi zida ndi mobisa bunker lamulo la mdani. The General Wogwila anakonza Kumpereka iye wochita chotere "subteriny" mu US, pogwiritsa ntchito sitima zankhondo atomiki mwapadera kwa cholinga ichi. Mu California, kumene kunali chifukwa zivomezi kawirikawiri mkulu zivomerezi ntchito asankhidwa kale monga kopita. Iye amakhoza chinthu kayendedwe ka podzemohoda Russian. Mobisa Bwato USSR Komanso akhoza kukhazikitsa warhead nyukiliya ndi kuonongedwa izo kutali, njira imeneyi chivomezi yokumba. Zotsatira zake akhoza zimachitika tsoka yachibadwa. Iwo akhoza kuchepetsa mphamvu ya America mawu chuma ndi katundu.

Chimayesedwa bwato latsopano mobisa

Mu 1964, oyambirira autumn, amayesedwa "Nkhondo ya Mole." zotsatira zabwino anasonyeza podzemohod. Iye anakwanitsa kuthetsa nthaka sakanikira ndi kuwononga ndi mobisa lamulo bunker, amene anali mdani makonzedwe. kangapo zinachitika anasonyezedwa kwa mamembala a mabungwe a boma m'dera Rostov, mu Urals ndi mu Nakhabino wakunja kwatawuni. Kenako anayamba zochitika mwachinsinsi. Pa chizolowezi kuyezetsa Chombo ankati linaphulika mu mapiri a Ural. Iye anafa alimba mtima pamene oyendetsa walunjika ndi msilikali Semyon Budnikov (mwina dzina lake lenileni). Chifukwa cha ichi - amati mwadzidzidzi kulephera, zomwe zinachititsa "Mole" wosweka miyala. Malinga ndi mabaibulo ena, panali zithunzi za mabungwe nzeru yachilendo kapena kulowa chipangizo mu zone ya anomalous.

mapulogalamu kungomanga

Pambuyo Khrushchev inachotsedwa udindo ndi utsogoleri, akhala udzachepetsedwa mapulogalamu ambiri, kuphatikizapo ntchito imeneyi. Subterrene mphamvu saperekanso kachiwiri. chuma Union a Union akulimbana pa matabwa a. Choncho, ntchito imeneyi, komanso zochitika zina zambiri, monga nyengo ya chilimwe mu 60-70-ntchentche ya Soviet kuuluka bwino potsatira njira pansi pa Nyanja Caspian, linasiyidwa. Soviet Union mu nkhondo maganizo akhoza kupikisana ndi US, koma anataya zambiri za mtundu wa manja. Tinali kupulumutsa pa chilichonse. Iwo anamva anthu wamba ndipo anamvetsa Brezhnev. kuli boma anali pangozi, choncho zobisika kwa nthawi yaitali osati adagulung'undisa sulivshie mwamsanga ukulu patsogolo ziwembu molimba mtima.

Kaya kupitiriza opaleshoni?

Mu 1976, atolankhani zinawukhira mfundo za mobisa zombo nyukiliya ya Soviet Union. Ichi chidachitika kuti ndi zabodza zankhondo ndiponso zandale. America adzagwera izo ndipo anayamba yomanga zipangizo zimenezi. N'zovuta kunena ngati tsopano linachita ku West ndi ku US chitukuko cha makina amenewa. Kodi aliyense tikusowa lero subterrene? Photos anapereka pamwamba, komanso mabuku a mbiri yakale - mikangano si chabe zongopeka chabe, koma ndi zenizeni weniweni. Kodi tikudziwa bwanji masiku ano? Mwina tsopano akulima mu dziko kwinakwake mobisa bwato. Kukula chinsinsi cha Russia, kuti nkhaniyo, ndi mayiko ena, palibe munthu amene kulengeza.