Birch banja. Birch banja: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Wochepa birches kukongola kuti Tingaone osati nkhalango, komanso m'mapaki, misewu ndi mabwalo, kamodzi imachirikiza Asilavo wakale ndi Druids ndipo lopatulika. Banja Birch zikuphatikizapo 6 genera mitengo yomwe anawagawa 234 mitundu.

Kwambiri wokondedwa ulemu anthu onse a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zinali birch. Iye odzipereka ndakatulo analemba za iye nthano, ntchito yake machiritso timadziti ndipo anabweretsa mphatso. mitengo yonse a m'banja Birch (nthumwi - hornbeam, alder, otuwira, birch ndi ena), ndi mankhwala amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

birch banja

Amene wakhala mu munda birch, iye amadziwa kuti mpweya amakhala wangwiro. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti masamba a mitengo zimatulutsa oyaka - wapadera zinthu antibacterial kuti akhoza kuyeretsa mpweya wowonongeka. Mbali imeneyi ankadziwa amuna akale, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza a m'misewu ku utsi mpweya ano Alangizi a m'tawuni. N'chifukwa chake ambiri mwa aliyense mtengo paki pagulu - banja la birch. Kumaphatikizaponso: hornbeam, otuwira, alder, ndi ostrya ostryopsis.

Odziwika woyera birch ogaŵikana warty ndi Fastigiata. Birch banja limabweretsa mitengo mitundu mphepo mungu ndi homed.

White birch

Chimakula White birch pendula (Betula verrucosa) ku Ulaya, North America, Central Asia ndi Africa North. Mtengo uwu umalandira 30 mamita mu msinkhu ndi moyo zaka 120 kapena kuposa. Achinyamata makungwa brownish, koma ndi zaka 8, ilo limakhala loyera. Ndi kwa mtundu chake nalo dzina lake. Kumasulira kwa drevnekeltskogo betu amatanthauza "woyera", kotero utoto mu makungwa otchedwa betulin.

Dzina warty birch kuyilandira poukanso zopangitsa utomoni wonunkhira ili pa nthambi zake ndi kuyang'ana ngati njerewere yaing'ono. Masamba - ichi ndi chimene chimagwirizanitsa banja la birch. General maonekedwe a nkhawa, poyamba pa zonse, kwa iwo. Iwo bidentate, taphunzira, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 4 mpaka 7 m'lifupi - kuchokera masentimita 2 mpaka 5 pa mitundu yambiri ya birch. Makamaka, iwo yosalala kapena pang'ono yokutidwa ndi villi, koma palinso ndi "anamva" pubescence.

The mizu ya birch amphamvu, koma akhale onse padziko komanso chozama. Izo wakonda lachonde feteleza ndi mchere wolemera. Maluwa mtengo April kwa May, zipatso (yaing'ono mtedza) okhwima mu August ndi September. Zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu.

birch Fastigiata

Mtundu uwu wa warty birch isiyana izo mwa dongosolo korona. Ndi yopapatiza ndi tapered, ndipo nthambi asonkhanitsidwa pamodzi, mosiyana kuŵeramitsa ake "abale." Pamene otsika kutalika - yekha mamita 10 kuchokera Fastigiata (Birch Banja) ndi wamphamvu kwambiri mizu ndi thunthu odana ndi mphepo.

mtengo wamango mofulumira kwambiri - mpaka masentimita 40 pa chaka, ndi moyo amayembekezeka kawirikawiri kuposa zaka 100. Tsamba ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a birch, koma anapitiriza yaitali, mpaka autumn mochedwa. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono wobiriwira, maluwa osasamba ku 1 cm.

Mtengo uwu chimodzimodzi bwino analekerera ngati youma yotentha ndi yozizira. Natural tizilombo - Tipempha Chikumbu, weevils (kachilomboka), Bucephalus Corydalis, scolytus birch ndi sisitere njenjete.

alder

Ngakhale alder ndi birch m'gulu gulu la banja sangathe popitilira zambiri zapadera mtengo kuposa izo. Ndi wapadera lonse:

• Choyamba, izo limamasula pachiyambi, kenako kupasuka masamba.
• Kachiwiri, alder "akutsegula" kasupe. Maluwa Ayamba ake pamene pa nthaka akadali okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndi kutentha chabe kuyembekezera mpweya.
• Chachitatu, masamba musapatuke chikasu ndipo kuguluka wobiriwira ndi yophukira mochedwa.
• Chachinayi, alder masamba wodzazidwa ndi asafe moti fertilizes nthaka imene mtengo wamango.

• Chachisanu, wapadera katundu wa mtengo wake umakhala kovuta atadziŵa chinyezi kuvumbitsira singasiyanitsidwe pomanga zitsime ndi kupanga mbiya.

Ngakhale pali pafupifupi 50 mitundu za mtengo umenewu, ndi awiri ambiri - wakuda alder ndi imvi. Dzina wakuda (zomatira - dzina wachiwiri), iye analandira zikomo kwa thunthu lake lomwe darkens akamakula. Zomatira umatchedwa chifukwa cha masamba. Nthawi zambiri ilo limakula yekha kapena yemweyo kagulu ka mitengo. Blossom wakuda alder akuyamba mu April, ndipo zipatso ndi kwathunthu okhwima pokhapokha chaka. Iye amakonda kuwala ndi chinyezi.

Alder ali ndi thunthu mtundu, komanso masamba. Kulembera, chisanu kugonjetsedwa ndi kukula osauka nthaka. Popeza alder ali ndi luso kukula mofulumira m'nkhalango moti, iwo nthawi zambiri anabzala kulimbitsa mabanki ndi otsetsereka a zigwembe ndiponso gullies.

hornbeam

Banja mulinso birch hornbeam. Wake kwawo akuganiza China ndi Asia. Iye akumverera kwambiri mu mthunzi ndi dzuwa, koma wakonda dothi lonyowa, chotero mu yotentha akusowa madzi zina.

Moyo amayembekezeka hornbeam si woyenera mu banja Birch, khalidwe oimira zomwe zambiri chikugwirizana, pamene pafupifupi zili 100-120 zaka. Mtengo womwewo mosavuta moyo kwa zaka 300, kukula ndi kutalika mamita 30 ndipo m'lifupi - 8 m.

Hornbeam maluwa ang'onoang'ono mwamuna ndi inflorescence wamkazi mu mawonekedwe a ndolo, koma akuyamba kubala zipatso pambuyo zaka 15-20. Matabwa a mtengo uwu ntchito kuti zipangizo ndi zotengera, koma pambuyo chithandizo chapadera kuchokera lawola, monga zimatenga chinyezi ndipo mwamsanga limawonongekeratu.

filbert

Onse banja birch, amene mamembala kubala mtedza zipatso, sangathe kudzitama chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma monga hazelnut. Hazel monga yotchuka zayekha, ali mawonekedwe a masamba, amatikumbutsa bream, amene anali wotchedwa otuwira. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo akuda wobiriwira, ndipo pansi - kuwala.

Hazel Common kawirikawiri limatuluka pamwamba 7 m, ali mitundu iwiri ya maluwa - amuna mu mawonekedwe a ndolo ndi masamba akazi monga. Zipatso za mitengo ndiye kuwala bulauni mu mtundu, ali edible ndi awiri kwambiri kukoma ndi ntchito.

Nthawi zina amatchedwa wamba otuwira hazelnut, koma si zoona ndithu. Hazelnut ndi mitundu yake kuŵetedwa, ndipo zipatso zake ndi yokulirapo ndi thanzi kwambiri.

Okwana pali 20 yonse ya chikhalidwe otuwira, mmodzi amene - chitsamba, pamene ena - mitengo wamtali, kufika mamita 30 kutalika, monga mtedza chimbalangondo, kukula kwa zaka 200. Ndipo Asian Hazel - birch chitsamba chilichonse wa banja - Kodi musalumphe kutalika mamita 3 ndipo limapereka zokoma chomwecho, koma si monga thanzi zipatso, monga mitundu yake wamba.

ostrya

Mtengo umenewu ndi bwino amadziwika Europe mitundu yake ndi mbadwa kuti North America, Japan, Asia Minor ndi Caucasus.

Ostrya limakula ndi mamita 25 kutalika, lili shatrovidnuyu kuumba korona bulauni makungwa ndi finely imodzi masamba ina. Mu chikhalidwe, pali mitundu 4 yokha ya mitengo;

• Ostrya Virginia (US), zopezeka mu misewu ndi m'mapaki wa Kiev, Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, koma kufala ndi zosakwana onse a m'banja la birch.

• Wamba ostrya zikonda ofunda, kotero Chimakula mu Caucasus, ndi Mediterranean ndi Asia Minor.
• Japanese - imapezeka mu China ndi Japan.
• Ostrya Noltona limakula yekha mu North America, ku Ulaya, ambiri silidziŵika.

Kuyesa kukhala machitidwe mitengo malo ndi yozizira akhala bwino.

ostryopsis

Ndi mtundu wa maluwa zitsamba, ku China ndi Mongolia. Iwo amakula 3 mamita 5 mamita mu msinkhu ndi tochoka mu mitundu 2:

• Ostryopsis David - chitsamba 3 mamita mu msinkhu ndi yotakata ovate masamba, mphukira ndi maluwa downy staminate mu ndolo cylindrical mawonekedwe.

• Ostryopsis mfulu - maluwa wamkazi mwamuna ndi zipatso mu mawonekedwe a mtedza yaing'ono pamodzi tsinde la.

zomera si odziwika mu Europe, tingathe amangoona kudziko lakwawo.