Kubalana hydra: mwachidule, makhalidwe

mitundu yosiyanasiyana nyama anasunga kuyambira kale mpaka pano, pali zambiri. Ena mwa iwo ndi zamoyo wosazindikira kuti kwa zaka zoposa miliyoni mazana asanu ndi kupitiriza kukhalapo ndi kubalana - hydra.

Kufotokozera ndi moyo

Normal wokhala mayiwe, madzi oyera polyp hydra otchedwa amatanthauza coelenterates nyama. Ndi gelatinous translucent chubu kutalika 1 cm. Chimodzi mapeto, limene yekha choyambirira Ufumuyo zomera za m'madzi. Komano pali beater thupi ndi kuchuluka (6 mpaka 12) tentacles. Iwo amatha kutambasula kwa masentimita angapo m'litali ndi ntchito kufufuza nyama, zomwe zimandiwumitsa ndi hydra lobaya pokha, othandiza tentacles ake pakamwa ndi kuwameza. Zimapanga maziko a chakudya daphnia, udzudzu mphutsi, nsomba mwachangu, Cyclops. Malinga mtundu wa chakudya zikusintha ndi kupaka translucent hydra thupi.

Chifukwa chidule ndi zosangalatsa za maselo khola ndi minofu kuti thupi Ndikuchepetsa ndi thicken, kuwonjezera pambali ndipo pang'onopang'ono muziyendayenda. Mwachidule, kwambiri mu gululi ndi moyo ndi ufulu monga m'mimba madzi oyera hydra. Kubereka ndi, ngakhale ichi, pali ndalama mwachilungamo mkulu ndiponso m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

mitundu hydra

Maphunziro ndi mitundu inayi ya tizilombo ting'onoting'ono madzi oyera. Iwo pang'ono ndithu osiyana Chrixitu. mitundu Large ndi tentacles ulusi angapo kutalika kwa thupi, wotchedwa Pelmatohydra oligactis (dlinnostebelchataya hydra) kwakukulukulu. mtundu wina, thupi tapering ku yekha, ndipo amatchedwa Hydra vulgaris kapena zofiirira (wamba). Hydra attennata (wochepa thupi kapena imvi) ndi ofanana mu maonekedwe kutsegula utali wonse wa chubu ndi pang'ono, poyerekeza thupi, tentacles. Green hydra otchedwa Chlorohydra viridissima, dzina lake chifukwa mtundu busa, omwe akutipatsa izo zokhala ndi selo imodzi algae, amene kupereka thupi ndi oxygen.

kuswana Features

Mwachidule alipo ndipo angathe kubereka pogonana ndi asexually. M'chaka madzi umafunda mmwamba, kubalana hydra kumachitika makamaka ndi budding. maselo kugonana chomwecho anapanga mu ectoderm wa hydra yekha mu autumn, ndi isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Ndi yozizira, akuluakulu kufa, kusiya mazira yomwe mbadwo watsopano amapezeka mu kasupe.

agamobium

Mu zikhalidwe labwino, hydra kawirikawiri zimafalitsidwa ndi budding. Poyamba, pali protrusion pang'ono pa khoma thupi, amene pang'onopang'ono inasanduka bampu yaing'ono (impso). Pang'onopang'ono, izo kumawonjezera kukula, ndi kutambasula ndipo anapanga tentacles, Pakati tingaganizire pakamwa. Poyamba, achinyamata Hydra chikugwirizana kwa thupi la mayi mothandizidwa ndi phesi woonda. Patapita kanthawi, ndondomeko wamng'ono alekanitsa ndipo akuyamba ufulu. Zimenezi ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mmene zomera kukhala ku masamba kuthawa, kotero asexual kubalana amatchedwa budding hydra.

syngenesis

Pamene kupita utazizira kapena zikhalidwe si yabwino kwambiri pa moyo wa hydra (youma dziwe kapena yaitali kusala), mu ectoderm ndi mapangidwe maselo kugonana. Wosanjikiza kunja kwa m'munsi thupi gawo anapanga mazira, ndi tokhala makamaka (wamwamuna gonads) kuti zili pafupi ndi kamwa, osauka umuna. Aliyense ali ndi bakiteriya udzakhalire yaitali. Atatero, umuna ikhoza kusunthidwa madzi kuwafika dzira ndi manyowa. Popeza kugonana kubalana hydra akupezeka kugwa, Ndisanaumbidwe chifukwa aphimbidwa ndi m'chimake kumatenda ndi wotani pansi pa dziwe kwa dzinja, ndi kokha mkubwela kwa kasupe ayamba kukhala.

maselo nyongolosi

Awa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono madzi mu ambiri a milandu ndi dioecious (umuna ndi mazira anapanga pa anthu osiyanasiyana), hermaphroditism mu Hydra ali osowa kwambiri. Ndi kuzirala akupezeka gonads ectoderm tsamba (gonadal). Kugonana maselo anapanga mu thupi la hydra maselo wapakatikati ndi anawagawa wamkazi (dzira) ndi mwamuna (umuna). Dzira akufanana amoeba ndi phazi onyenga. Chimakula mofulumira kwambiri, pamene kungolandira maselo wapakatikati anthu oyandikana nawo. Pa nthawi yakucha, m'mimba ake ndi 0.5 1 mm. Hydra kubalana ntchito mazira ndi otchedwa pogonana.

maselo umuna ali ngati flagellate mogwirizana. Kumamusokoneza thupi hydra ndi akuyandama madzi ndi thandizo la bakiteriya udzakhalire zilipo, iwo kupita kukafuna anthu ena.

umuna

Pamene umuna kusambira anthu ndi dzira ndi kulowa mkati mtima awa angakondwere nazo zosakaniza maselo onse. Pambuyo ndondomeko imeneyi, selo umakhala anamaliza mawonekedwe chifukwa pseudopodia kukopedwa. Anapanga pamwamba pake ndi wandiweyani zokhudzana alumikizana mu mawonekedwe a spikes. Pamaso pa isanayambike yozizira Hydra afa. Dzira amakhalabe moyo ndi kuthamangira ku hibernation, kukhala pansi pa dziwe mpaka masika. Pamene nyengo afika ofunda, overwintered foni ya containment chikukulirakulirabe n'kuyamba kugawa, kupanga zoyamba woyamba wa lumen wa matumbo, ndiye tentacles. Ndiye chipolopolo dzira wosweka ndi kuwala limapezeka wamng'ono hydra.

kusinthika

Features hydra kubalana akadali ndi chodabwitsa akuphatikizapo kutha kuti achire, chifukwa chimene kusinthidwa munthu watsopano. Kuyambira osiyana chidutswa thupi amapanga zina zana n'komwe buku okwana mwina kupanga lonse chamoyo.

Kuyenera kusema ndalama hydra, monga yomweyo amayamba ndondomeko kusinthika, imene chidutswa chilichonse amapeza m'kamwa mwake tentacles ndi wokhawo. Ngakhale mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri m'ma wasayansi kuchititsa kuyesera, pamene njira ya zofanana amachepetsa osiyana hayidiroliki analandira ngakhale Semiglavaya zamoyo. Zinali kuyambira pamenepo kuti madzi oyera polyp ndi nalo dzina lake. Luso limeneli akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi njira ina hydra kubalana.

The hydra zowopsa Aquarium ndi

Nsomba, ndi miyeso masentimita oposa anayi, hydra si owopsa. M'malo mwake, iwo amakhala ngati chizindikiro cha mmene mwini wakudya nsomba. Ngati chakudya wapatsidwa kwambiri, chimandiswa madzi mu tiziduswa tating'ono, ndiye inu mukhoza kuwona momwe kuyamba mwamsanga kuchulukitsa hydra mu Aquarium ndi. Kumana nawo za chakudya kuchepetsa chakudya.

Mu Aquarium, m'nyumba ndi nsomba kakang'ono kwambiri, kapena mwachangu, zikamera ndi kuchuluka kwa hydra ndi oopsa kwambiri. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti zosiyanasiyana mavuto. Choyamba mwachangu kutha, ndi nsomba otsala adzakhala nthawi zonse kuona amayaka mankhwala amene amayambitsa ndi tentacles hydra. Mu thupi thanki mukhoza kutenga moyo chakudya, anabweretsa kwa thupi la chibadwidwe wa zomera madzi ndi zina zotero D..

Pofuna kuthetsa hydra ayenera kusankha njira kuti sangathe kuvulaza amoyo nsomba Aquarium lapansi. Chophweka njira kugwiritsa ntchito chikondi hydra kwa kuwala. Ngakhale kuti akhala chinsinsi mmene iye samazidziwa izo, pakalibe ziwalo zithunzi. M'pofunika zitchinga makoma onse a Aquarium, koma chimodzi chimene akutsamira mkati galasi kukula yemweyo. Masana, ndi hydra ali kufupi ndi kuwala ndipo anaika pamwamba pa galasi. Kusiya kokha ake mosamala kuti - ndi nsomba salinso mu ngozi.

Chifukwa mphamvu yake yapamwamba kubereka pansi Aquarium hydra mwamsanga zimaswana. Izi n'komwe ndipo kwambiri kuyan'ana maonekedwe awo mu nthawi kupewa mavuto.