Carcinoma ndi chiyani? Squamous cell carcinoma

Akatswiri a zachuma amapeza zotsatira zabwino pa matenda a carcinoma, koma ndibwino kusamala thupi lanu, mwamsanga kuzindikira matenda kapena kusalola kuti ziwonekere.

Lingaliro la "carcinoma"

Carcinoma ndi chotupa choipa chomwe chimakhudza ziwalo za mkati ndi maselo operewera a khungu la munthu. Mu minofu iliyonse yomwe ilipo, chotupachi chingapangidwe. Malo ake amaoneka makamaka ndi maonekedwe a maselo omwe amachokera.

Mu ziwalo za anthu, mitundu yambiri ya carcinoma ikhoza kukula. Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kukhala chotupa cha squamous kapena adenocarcinoma, chomwe chimapezeka m'chiberekero. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapezeka mu mammary gland mwa amayi, prostate ndi mapapo m'mabambo, komanso colon ndi khungu, mosasamala za kugonana.

Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma ndi chotupa chophweteka chomwe chimakula pang'ono. Zikuwoneka pa khungu ngati nodule wosiyana, womwe uli ndi ubweya wofiira kapena wofiira. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa pearl band.

Chotupa cha mtundu uwu chikhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana wa melanin pigment, umene umakhudza mthunzi wake. Mbali yaikulu ya mfundo yomwe ikukula ikukhudzana ndi ziphuphu ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Basal cell carcinoma ikhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a satelesi kapena zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zili pakati pake.

Chizindikiro cha matendawa chimagwiritsanso ntchito telangiectasia. Pachifukwa ichi, minofu yambiri yomwe ilipo pakupezeka kwa chotupa imayambira ndipo imadwalitsidwa. Carcinoma invasive ili ndi mitundu iyi:

• Msewu;
• Chonchi;
• Choyimira;
• Nkhumba.

Ndi matendawa, metastasis ndizosowa kwambiri.

Chotupa cha maselo a squamous

Squamous cell carcinoma ndi chotupa chomwe chimakhala ndi maselo a mapulaneti ambirimbiri omwe amatha kupanga mapulaneti. Kwenikweni pali keratinization. Maselo ake akugwirizanana ndi desmosomes. Squamous cell carcinoma mkati mwa gawoli akhoza kukhala ndi magulu akuluakulu.

Chotupa cha mitundu iyi chikudziwika ndi kukula kofulumira ndi metastasis. Ndicho chachiŵiri chomwe chimapezeka ndipo chimakula makamaka pakati pa anthu akuluakulu komanso okalamba. Kawirikawiri squamous cell carcinoma imapezeka chifukwa chosowa dzuwa. Ikhoza kukhalanso ndi mphamvu ya zochitika zina za chilengedwe.

Mtundu umenewu wa khansa pakati pa amuna ndi wofala kwambiri kuposa akazi. Kawirikawiri, malo okhudzidwa a khungu, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku dzuwa. Chotupa chachikulu cha maselo pachigawo choyamba cha chitukuko chimapita kumalo, koma kenako chimatha kusamukira kumalo akutali. Amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi radiotherapy kapena kusakaniza opaleshoni kwa dera lomwe likukhudzidwa.

Zotsatira za carcinoma

Pakadali pano, palibe zifukwa zodziwika za matendawa. Ndi bwino kudziŵa zomwe zimayambitsa njira za khansa, zomwe zingakhale motere:

• Mu thupi la munthu pali kusamvana kwa mahomoni;
• Kukonzekera kwaukhondo;
• Kutenga ndi kachilombo kena;
• Mankhwala opanga mankhwala.

Kusiyanitsa kwake kwake pakati pa maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a carcinoma ndiko kukhalapo kwa phokoso lalikulu. Mapangidwe a chotupacho akhoza kukhala osiyana ndipo zimadalira mbali za kapangidwe ka minofu, yomwe inachokera.

Squamous cell carcinoma ikukula ngati njira yovulaza imakhudza minofu yomwe imakhudzana ndi malo akunja. Ngati kansalu yakulanda epithelium yamatenda (carcinoma ya chithokomiro, prostate, bronchi), matendawa amatanthauza adenocarcinomas.

Kuzindikira kwa carcinoma

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimadalira chikhalidwe chake cha chotupacho, malo ake ndi mlingo wa metastasis. Poyambirira, samadziwonetsera yekha, komanso matenda ena oopsa. Kudziwa makamaka kumadalira malo a carcinoma. Mu zipatala zamagetsi, njira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET);
• Maganizo opanga maginito (MRI);
• Kujambula tomato (CT) ;
• Kujambula kwa radioisotope;
• Mafilimu;
• Kuwonetsa chiwonetsero ndi kusanthula kwachinsinsi ndi histological;
• Kuzindikira kwa zizindikiro zovunda;
• Kufufuza kosatha.

Kuchiza kwa carcinoma

Njira yothandizira matendawa imatsimikiziridwa payekha, malingana ndi malo ake komanso malo ake. Njira yothandizira opaleshoni imavomereza ngati chotupacho n'chochepa ndipo palibe metastasis yachitika.

Ngati carcinoma ili ndi maselo ambiri a malodifferentiated omwe amachulukitsa mphamvu za ma radiation, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchotsa metastases.

Chemotherapy ndizochiza kuchipatala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha khansa. Pankhani imeneyi, ntchitoyi ndi yosatheka.

Zotsatira zabwino zimapindula mwa kuphatikiza khancinoma ndi Israeli oncologists: ntchito, radiotherapy ndi chemotherapeutic.

Kansa ya Papillary

Papillary carcinoma ndi chotupa chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Amapezeka mu 80% ya khansa ya thupi. Nthaŵi zambiri, papillary carcinoma amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino.

Kupereka ndondomeko yolondola yeniyeniyi kumathandizira zabwino zokhudzana ndi singano. Kukula kwa chotupacho kungakhale masentimita angapo. Makampani otukuka saloledwa. Maphunziro ake awonetsetsa kuti papillary carcinoma ikuoneka ngati nthambi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi cubic kapena cylindrical epithelium ndipo zimakhala ndi ziwalo zomangira.

Pakatikati pa maphunziro a khansa a mtundu uwu, mungapeze ma depositi a calcium kapena kusintha kwawonekedwe. Kawirikawiri pali matupi a abambo ndi ma calcified. Maselo amatha kugwira ntchito mosavuta ndipo sangathe kutenga mavitamini a ayodini.

Carcinoma ya chithokomiro imayamba kupitirira kupyolera mu zombo zamagetsi. Metastasis amapezeka m'matenda am'mimba. Kawirikawiri mawonekedwe a metastases ndi osowa, omwe ndi otheka pamaso pa khansa yowonongeka ya papillary-follicular ndipo imapangidwa molondola kuchokera ku zinthu zopanda pake.

Nthawi zambiri, kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa chithokomiro ndi ma lymph nodes kumachitidwa ngati zakhudzidwa ndi metastases. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mankhwala opatsirana a iodine amachitidwa kuti athetse malo ochepa kwambiri otupa. Pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa chithokomiro, wodwalayo ayenera kukonzekeretsa mavitamini apadera , popanda thupi lake kuti lisagwire ntchito bwino. Pofuna kupewa katemera wambiri, kuyesa kwa ultrasound n'kofunika chaka chilichonse.

Kansa ya Chiberekero

Matendawa amatha kupezeka ngati kondomu ya chiberekero ndipo ndi imodzi mwa zotupa zomwe zimakhudza zogonana. Kaŵirikaŵiri amadziwika ali ndi zaka 35 mpaka 50. Mosasamala za msinkhu woterewu, mukhoza kukhala atsikana omwe amasintha zibwenzi zawo zogonana nthawi zambiri.

Katemera wa chiberekero amatha kupezeka pamaso pa matenda oopsa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zoipa zimayambitsidwa ndi kuyamba kwa kugonana, komwe kumayambitsa kusintha kwa maselo osadziwika. Kwa amayi ena, kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka maselo kungayambitse mapuloteni a umuna. Chotupa choopsa chidzakula ngati pali chizoloŵezi choipa monga kusuta.