Cathedral St. Andrew, St. Petersburg: kufotokoza, mbiri, makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Mmodzi wa mipingo wamkulu mu dziko lathu - Cathedral wa St. Andrew, ndipo Cathedral St. Andrew. St. Petersburg ali chokongoletsedwa ndi kachisi wakale, amene si kwambiri mtengo kamangidwe, komanso kwambiri akulemekezedwa malo opatulika a mpingo, mbiri ya amene amabwerera Peter I.

Ganizo yomanga tchalitchi

M'zaka za m'ma 18, St. Petersburg anali likulu la Kalulu Island, koma 20s, Petro Ine anamunyamula pa Vasilevsky anakonza ndipo apa yomanga tchalitchi polemekeza Andreya Pervozvannogo. Peter Ine ankamuona ngati woyang'anira awo ndipo anaona tsogolo patsogolo pa kachisi wa khumi ndi awiriwo koleji. Iye anafunsa kuti akonze ntchito zikuluzikulu, chimene kachisi akanayang'ana monga ndondomeko ya Chiroma tchalitchi cha St. m'malo Peter ndipo anali mamita osachepera 130 yaitali. Swedish wamanga Tessin chosonyeza, popanda kuyendera Russia, inajambula mpingo mtsogolo, ndi pamalo wotonza mmwamba analengedwa ndi zojambula wake. Komabe, imfa ya mfumu 1725 inaimitsidwa kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi, osalola kuti aone moyo pa Cathedral St. Andrew.

St. Petersburg, kudzera mwa anthu ake napempha yomanga kachisi, ndi mpingo, ngakhale kangapo kupita pa izo zikutanthauza. Koma mwala woyamba chinaikidwa yekha mu 1732. Pambuyo pake, atakula wa Cathedral bwino Andrew ku St. Petersburg.

Mbiri ya nyumba

Pambuyo Peter imfa pomwe iye ankafuna, pa mphambano ya Grand Avenue ndi mizere 6 mu 1728 anali allocated ndi zomangamanga.

Mpingo matabwa, anamanga mwina zinalengedwa ndi Trezzini, anali wodzipereka kwa Andreyu Pervozvannomu mu 1732. Anna Ioannovna mpingo anapereka ndalama kusintha, ndi kuchokera ku mpingo dilapidated mu Posadskaya kuthetsa anasamukira iconostasis latsopano. kachisiyo anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizapo mapwando Knights wa Order wa St. Andrew.

Ngakhale mopanikizana ndi kulembetsa umphawi kachisi akulemekezedwa banja lachifumu, anapezeka msonkhano muno komanso ambiri otchuka wa nthawi, monga Lomonosov ndi Trediakovskii analumbira m'kachisi pulofesa wa Academy of Sciences.

Kuyika mwala woyamba mpingo

Parishi anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa moyo achipembedzo mwa likulu, koma analibe yoyenera mawonekedwe, kukula, ngakhale magetsi. Mu 1740 pafupi ndi tchalitchi akale anayamba kumanga yabwino mpingo mwala. Mu 1745, linamangidwa mu nthawi yomweyo analandira udindo wa tchalitchi ndi. The ntchito kwa mpingo watsopano ndi chimodzimodzi Trezzini zonse zazikulu, ndi iconostasis ndi zokongoletsa ena inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku mpingo nyumba, Prince Menshikov.

Mu 1761, pamene mphezi, yapsya nyumba zakale zamitengo. Atumiki sadzachitanso anatha kupulumutsa iconostasis, ndipo patapita zaka 3 pamalo ake ndi dongosolo la Elizabeth anayamba kumanga tchalitchi yatsopano. Iye tsopano ali pa Vasilevsky Island Komabe, anapeza kuoneka kuti chikutha mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18.

Polojekiti yatsopanoyi anabadwa mwa wazomangamanga A. Vista. Yomanga inayamba mu 1746, ndi zaka pokhapokha 15 Cathedral St. Andrew linamalizidwa mu St. Petersburg. Yomanga unali wautali ndi zovuta, izo mliri ndi zolephera, mu 1766 m'tchalitchi anakomoka, kenako wamanga anagwidwa ndi ankafufuza zinthu zimene zinachitika kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma March 21, 1780 mpingo watsopano anali wodzipereka, ndipo anayamba kutenga molimba mtima.

Cathedral St. Andrew ku St. Petersburg m'zaka 19

Pa behest wa Mfumu Paulo Ine tchalitchi anakhala likulu la Ankhondo a dongosolo Andreya Pervozvannogo ndipo chokongoletsedwa ndi chosemacho ndi chithunzi cha dongosolo ili.

Mtsogolo, pa tchalitchi anapitiriza kukongoletsa ndi kumanga wathunthu. Mu 1880, nyumba yopemphereramo ndi inamangidwa, ndipo kwa zaka 4 zisanachitike - belu nsanja. Iye anali 10 mabelu. Yaikulu, Lamlungu, chimalemera mapaundi 285 ndipo makamaka amamwaza Samgin zomera Moscow.

Komanso, asanafike mapeto a m'nthawi ya kachisi Ufumuyo m'matchalitchi ndi mzikiti yokutidwa ndi tsamba golide pa amalonda zopereka. Kusintha anapangidwa ndi mkati mwa tchalitchi - adawonjeza kusinthidwa stucco kupenta. Kachisi anakhazikitsa Kutentha, kukodzedwa ndi kumangidwanso lansembe ndi iconostasis kuchuluka.

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka zovuta 19 kuphatikiza ntchito zazikulu zili pogona ndi kuthandiza osauka.

m'ma 20 m'mbiri ya Cathedral St. Andrew

m'ma 20 zosiyanasiyana misewu achipembedzo ndi m'zaka za choopsa. The kulanda boma la Bolsheviks ndi 1917 kuti sipangakhale chitetezo cha mipingo yambiri Russian, ndi mipingo. Cathedral St. Andrew mwayi ochepa kwambiri, dotha tayu, ndipo atumiki ake anatha kupulumutsa gawo la chuma ndi mfundo za kuba wofiira.

Zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali, monga zotengera za zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, Uthenga wakale, mafano malipilo a zovala siliva wa mapaundi 7 zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, anapanga mu 1861 ndi wotchuka jeweler Verkhovtseva, ndipo ambiri anali kugwidwa ndi a Bolsheviks.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito yomanga boulevards anagwetsa yopemphereramo ndi mpanda wa zovuta wa. Belu lalikulu chinatha ndipo anasungunuka pansi zaka 10 pambuyo zisinthe, koma moyo achipembedzo Cathedral sanasiye kukwera, izo anatenga gulu la otchedwa renovators osaopa ndi kutsogozedwa ndi Archpriest Platonov. Mu Nyumba ya msonkhano, mbali ya asilikali wobwezeretsedwa mbali ya iconostasis, koma mu 1938, atsogoleri ndi anthu achangu anamangidwa ndi kunyongedwa kapena alamulidwa mawu yaitali. Cathedral posakhalitsa anasiya ndipo kenako ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu, amene iconostasis adasoka ndi plywood, ndi mitanda kuchotsedwa. Ndipotu, nyumba sadaleka zidziwike ngati Cathedral St. Andrew.

St. Petersburg, ndiye Leningrad, anakumana ndi zothetsa nzeru pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi anatseka misewu. Iwo zinathandiza kwambiri mbiri ya kachisi. Anaika mu mlengalenga nyumba chitetezo anali cholinga kusonyeza kunyanyala mpweya wa mdani, amene lowonongeka denga ndi wapakamwa, monga mabomba kuichotsa kugonja mazenera onse. Komanso kuwonongeka zowawa iconostasis ndi zamkati. Koma kachisi anaima, ndipo anapitiriza ena maonekedwe yake yapadera.

Nkhondo itatha, Cathedral wa St. Andrew ku St. Petersburg, anadutsa mabungwe a boma. Iwo anali mu zaka osiyana mwini wa yapamadzi, Academy of Sciences ndi Institute of Ethnography. Pa nthawi yomweyo linakonzedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa, koma mtengo chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale alibe chisamaliro, basi kujambula utoto pa chithunzi wapadera mu mzikiti ndi.

Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche wa Metropolitan Alexy, yemwe anadzakhala kholo la onse Russia, iye wayamba ntchito kubwerera pa tchalitchi kwa Mpingo. Kenako adakana chifukwa chakuti kumanga chopereka cha nyumbayi anthropological inali, amene analibe malo kusuntha. Ngakhale izi, Alex anaupatsa mpingo zofunika ziwiya mpingo, ndipo mu 1989 woyamba mu zaka zambiri utumiki pemphero unachitikira kuno.

Cathedral Andreya Pervozvannogo

St. Petersburg - likulu kumpoto kwa Russia - amanyadira za cholowa chake mapulani. Imodzi mwa mfundo wapadera ndi Cathedral Andreya Pervozvannogo. Tidzapitiriza nkhani za mbiri yake.

Mu 1990, mbali ya tchalitchi, kuphatikizapo guwa, anali koma kunditumiza ku parishi ya. Patapita zaka zisanu anagawana chipinda ndi nduna ya Curiosities. Pa nthawi yomweyo panabuka utumiki ndi kusungidwa zotsalira anthu anasamutsidwa ndi sayansi. Pamene m'nyumbayi kwathunthu anabweretsa maziko ake, mpingo m'malo mwa mitanda pa msonkhanopo ndi kukonza zowonongeka yaikulu padenga.

Mu 1998, moyo unali chidwi mwambo - ndi 300th chikumbutso kwa Order wa St. Andrew, izi mphoto apamwamba anali timawerenga kuti udzakhazikitsidwanso ndi mutsogoleli wadziko ndi mmodzi wa Cavaliers wake atangokhala Alexiy II, kubwerera chinali chiyambi cha Cathedral wa Church St. Andrew.

Mu 2000s, ndi anayamba kubwezeretsa kwa yopemphereramo ndi mpanda mpingo, ndipo anapanga kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu kwa atsogoleri a chipembedzowo ndi njira allocated ndi boma. Anasamukira ku tchalitchi ndi zotsalira za St. Andrew.

mtengo mapulani

Cathedral wa St. Andrew ndi wapadera kamangidwe chipilala, zinakonzedwa kalembedwe losakanizika ndi maonekedwe a classicism ndi Baroque, ndilo khalidwe la mawu onse ena ndi plasticity mitundu. Kachisi'yo ali domes zisanu - waukulu limodzi ndi anayi cupolas ang'ono, amene pamodzi ndi tchalitchi chimodzi-storey refectory.

Nyumba palokha ndi kaso, mothandizidwa ndi mzikiti mkulu ndi yopemphereramo elongated. Yothandizana tione wa turret padziko mzikiti, ndi wamtali mazenera semicircular mawonekedwe ndi pilasters pa wapakamwa lapansi. Izi kachisi 45 mita kalekale ndi okwera lalikulu Vasilyevsky chilumba, lero penapake Aletsedwa Mipikisano storey nyumba. Komanso kukongola tchalitchi amapereka wotumbululuka pinki wapakamwa.

Kutolere zithunzi

Kunyada chachikulu ndi chozizwitsa wapadera wa Cathedral St. Andrew ndi atatu-tiered 17 mita chosema gilded iconostasis. Mozizwitsa anapulumuka ku nthawi ya zomangamanga, ndi kusintha, nkhondo, asilikali, chiwonongeko ndi ntchito ya mpingo ntchito zina.

iconostasis The likhalebe mafano amene akhala inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku munda Menshikov pomanga kachisi. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pawo zithunzithunzi anapulumutsa wa Nikolaya Chudotvortsa ndi Aleksandra Nevskogo. Koma chofunika kwambiri chizindikiro - Andreya Pervozvannogo ndi zotsalira za woyera mtima. Zonse mu zonse, kachisi 44 mafano.

Zosangalatsa za Cathedral St. Andrew (Saint Petersburg)

Cathedral ankakonda kukacheza ndi banja lachifumu, panali malo apadera kwa mfumu.

Malinga ndi nthano, pa nthawi imene tchalitchi anali ngakhale mpingo wa matabwa, pamene anali manda ang'ono ndi manda a Prince Dolgoruky ndi Mfumukazi Dolgoruky, mkwatibwi wa Peter II.

Yokongola ndi kusintha kwa nyumba yatsopano ya kachisi anatenga ndalama osati kwa chuma ndi zopereka anapita chimodzimodzi ndi ndalama oletsa malamulo zosiyanasiyana za Knights wa Order kuti sanapite nawo ku mapwando.

Imodzi mwa mfundo za mpingo - 115 yolemera mkanjo siliva, komanso Uthenga wakale chimango siliva. makhalidwe amenewa akhala inalandidwa ndi Bolsheviks pambuyo zisinthe, koma ndi mwayi anabwerera ku tchalitchi.

St. Petersburg ali ndi maganizo amanyadira ngati chizindikiro cha chikhulupiriro ndi kudzipereka ndi nsembe anthu amene anatha kupulumutsa kachisi kwa mibadwo.