Matchalitchi wakale wa Russia - chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Stone mipingo wakale anayamba kumanga pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity ngati chipembedzo cha boma la Russia. Iwo poyamba anamanga m'mizinda yaikulu - Kiev, Vladimir ndi Novgorod. Matchalitchi ambiri anapulumuka ndi zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri zipilala mapulani.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Old Russian boma anafika pachimake pa ulamuliro wa Vladimira Velikogo ndi mwana wake Yaroslava Mudrogo. M'chaka cha 988 analengeza za chipembedzo cha boma cha Chikhristu. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko zina ubale ang'onoang'ono, kulimbitsa ndi umodzi wa dziko, kuyanga zachikhalidwe, patsogolo kugwirizana ndi Ufumu wa Byzantium ndi mphamvu zina European. Zotsatirazi ndi chiyanjo cha Chikhristu mu Russia anayamba kumanga mipingo wakale mwala. Kuti ntchito anapempha ojambula zithunzi bwino nthawi yake, ntchito zaluso ndi luso chi.

Mwala woyamba mpingo - Chachikhumi - anamangidwira pakati pa Kiev pansi Vladimir Wamkulu. Pamene ankamanga ake kalonga anatha kwambiri kulimbitsa mzinda ndi kukulitsa gawo ake.

Byzantine kalembedwe pa zomangamanga

Matchalitchi wakale wa Russia ndi nthawi mapulani ake amatikumbutsa mipingo Byzantine. Koma posachedwapa luso chitsanzo anayamba peculiarities dziko.

Mpingo wa Chachikhumi anali mtanda ozungulira mpingo. Mawonekedwe omwewo ndipo anali Chernigov Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, Sofia Kiev ndi ena.

Taganizirani mbali khalidwe la mipingo Byzantine:

• mipingo Cross-ozungulira anali kumanga aposa mzikiti, amene amalimbikitsidwa ndi mizati inai. Nthawi zina anagwirizana ndi awiri kwambiri (kwa makulidwe zikuluzikulu).
• Matchalitchi wakale akufanana piramidi.
• Yomanga akachisi ntchito njerwa wapadera wa mawonekedwe ena - plinfy kuti chikugwirizana kudzera tsemyanki.
• Windows, monga ulamuliro, ndi angapo mipata ndi Chipilala.
• Chidwi chachikulu ankafunitsitsa mkati mwa mpingo. Olemera zikuchokera kunja kwina.

mbali khalidwe la zomangamanga wakale

Russia aang'ono wakale zinamangidwa pa chitsanzo Byzantine. Koma pa nthawi, zomangamanga ndi amamuonera zochititsa dziko.

• Akachisi anali zambiri Byzantine. Kuchita izi, ife timanga tambirimbiri zina kuzungulira nyumba yaikulu.
• M'malo mwake, ndime chapakati ntchito nsanamira zambiri krestopodobnye.
• Plinfa zina m'malo mwa miyala.
• Wowoneka bwino kapangidwe kalembedwe n'kuyamba likutipatsa ndi nthawi.
• C mu XII. osati ntchito nsanja ndi tambirimbiri ndipo kuti si anaphimba mbali.

Sophia Cathedral

Ancient tchalitchi inamangidwa nthawi apamwamba heyday wa Kievan Lazaro. M'mbiri ya maziko a St. Sophia kunayamba zaka 1017 kapena 1037.

The tchalitchi inapatulidwa ndi nzeru ziphunzitso ndi yokonzedwa azilimbikirazi ukulu wa chipembedzo chatsopano. Mu masiku a Russia anakakhala pano pakati chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha likulu. tchalitchi unazunguliridwa ndi ena akachisi mwala, nyumba zachifumu ndiponso nyumba wamba m'tawuni.

Poyamba anali zisanu panyanja mtanda ozungulira nyumba. Linali kunja zomera ndi. yomanga mpanda zinamangidwa wa njerwa zofiira ndi plinths. Sophia Cathedral, komanso mipingo ina wakale Russian, anali chokongoletsedwa ndi utali zosiyanasiyana ndi arches. The muli mkati ndi frescoes wokongola komanso tiziboliboli gilded. Izo zonse anapereka kuona ulemerero waukulu ndi ulemerero. Cathedral utoto ena mwa ambuye wotchuka Byzantine.

Sophia Cathedral - wapadera chipilala cha mamangidwe a Ukraine anasunga pambuyo nkhondo Mongol mu 1240.

Mpingo wa Kupemphera kwa Virgin

Mpingo, yomwe ili pa magombe a pa Nerl Mtsinje ndi mmodzi wa zipilala wotchuka m'dziko Suzdal. kachisi anamangidwa Andreem Bogolyubskim m'zaka XII. polemekeza tchuthi latsopano mu Russia - Chitetezo cha Virigo. Monga mipingo ina ambiri wakale Russian, mpingo uno nyumba mtanda ozungulira pa zipilala anayi. nyumbayi ndi yowala kwambiri ndiponso yosavuta. Frescoes wa mpingo kuti sanapulumuke masiku ano, monga adaonongedwa pa kumanganso kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX.

Kremlin mu Moscow

Moscow Kremlin - wotchuka kwambiri ndi wamkulu mapulani chipilala mu likulu la Russia. Malinga ndi nthano, woyamba matabwa linga inamangidwa ngakhale pamene Yuri Dolgoruky kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XII. Matchalitchi wakale wa boma la Russia ndi otchuka kwambiri Russia ndipo komabe amakopa alendo ndi kukongola kwake.

kopanda Cathedral

Mwala woyamba tchalitchi mu Moscow - Mfundo. Linamangidwa ndi wamanga Italy mu ulamuliro wa Ivan III pa chimbuzi cha boma la Russia phiri. Ambiri, nyumba ndi ofanana ndi mipingo ina wakale Russian: mtanda mzikiti chitsanzo, zipilala asanu ndi machaputala asanu. Maziko yomanga ndi mamangidwe anatengedwa Mfundo mpingo Vladimir. Makoma zinamangidwa wa njanji zikulumikizana (mmalo mwa thundu chikhalidwe), amene anali zachilendo kwa Russia.

Kopanda Cathedral cholinga chake chinali kutsindika ukulu wa Muscovy ndi kuonetsera mphamvu yake. Pali inachitika mabungwe mpingo, osankhidwa Metropolitan, anakwatira ulamuliro wa olamulira Russian.

Cathedral wa Annunciation

Pa nthawi imene Moscow anali adakali ukulu ang'onoang'ono malo a kachisi wakale wa Annunciation Cathedral. pomanga nyumba yatsopano inayamba mu 1484. Pakuti kumanga wake mapulani Russian ku Pskov anatiitana. Mu August 1489 ananyamuka chipale chofewa trehkupolny kachisi, atazunguliridwa ndi zomera lalikulu mbali zitatu.
Ngati Mfundo Cathedral anali likulu la ukulu, kumene miyambo zofunika achipembedzo ndiponso andale, Annunciation anali wa m'banja lachifumu mpingo nyumba. Komanso, anali chuma cha boma olamulira kwambiri.

Cathedral wa Angelo

Izi chipilala wakale ndi kachisi manda imene fumbi awasungira Russian otchuka. Apa m'manda Ivan Kalita, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan Grozny, Vasiliy Temny, Vasiliy Shuysky ndi ena.

Angelo Cathedral inamangidwa 1508 ndi Chitaliyana wamanga Aleviz. Mbuye anafika mu Moscow, ataitanidwa ndi Ivan III.

Tikumbukenso kuti mpingo Angelo si monga mipingo ina yakale ili pa Red Square. Iye akutikumbutsa nyumba yakale, kapangidwe amene pali amajambulapo maluwa okongola wakale. Angelo Cathedral ndi mtanda ozungulira zisanu ozungulira nyumba ndi mizati isanu ndi umodzi. Pamene ankamanga nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya zomangamanga Russian wa ziwiri gawo chilolezo kwa wapakamwa kapangidwe ankagwiritsa ntchito.

Mpingo wa Ascension mu Kolomenskoye

mpingo anamangidwira mu 1532 ulemu chifukwa cha kubadwa kwa Ivana Groznogo. Ikani nyumba yokongola pa magombe a Moscow Mtsinje. Ascension Mpingo mwapadera ku matchalitchi ena Russian. Mu mawonekedwe ndi ofanana-mtanda ndi chitsanzo choyamba m'chiuno zomangamanga ku Russia.