Cathedral St George mu Yuriev-Polsky: chithunzi, zomangamanga

M'tauni yaing'ono ya Yuriev-Polsky pansi Vladimir anakhazikitsidwa mu 1152 ndi Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Kuyambira akhumi m'ma cinai icho chinali chimake cha zamasiye. Kuyambira 1212 izo wokwatibwa ndi Svyatoslav - mdzukulu wa tate wa mtawuni. Provincial mfundo za kumudzi, kumene, sanathe poyerekeza ndi Zalesskoye midzi yaikulu, wotchuka chifukwa chuma chake luso.

Ndipo ngakhale kuti pali mwaluso umodzi wa zomangamanga wakale mu mzinda, koma anasiya utsalira nyumba zambiri zofanana.

Cathedral wotchuka St. George

Mu Yuriev-Polsky linamangidwa mu ulemu wa chigonjetso, amene anapambana Dolgoruky kalonga wa Volga Bulgars. Izi zinachitika mu 1221. Izi chipilala chigonjetso, monga olemba, ndi "chachilendo ndi zodabwitsa, wokongola zambiri" zomangamanga, palibe lofanana nalo.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Pa malo Cathedral panopa St. George, koma mu 1152 Yuri Dolgoruky analamula kumanga yaing'ono woyera mwala mpingo waung'ono. Iye zoyenera ake Georgiyu Pobedonostsu, adapasa iye dzina woyang'anira wake woyera. Mu 1230 mdzukulu wake - Svyatoslav - anawononga kumanga agogo ake, chifukwa "lawola osweka." Ndipo mu malo ake mu 1230th izo inamangidwa Cathedral St. George mu Yuriev-Polsky, amene wakhala osati korona wa zomangamanga Vladimir-Suzdal, komanso otsiriza woyera nyumba mwala kutsogolo kwa nkhondo Mongol-Chitata.

Features kachisi

Mwina patsogolo kapena pambuyo palibe amene wakwanitsa kuposa kukongola chodabwitsa mwaluso ake. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kufuna mobwerezabwereza tapangidwa mobwerezabwereza. Mwachitsanzo, akukhulupirira kuti Cathedral St. George mu Yuriev-Polsky, chithunzi pa maziko amene anatenga kunyumba iliyonse alendo amene anapita ku mzinda uno, anakhala zinachitika wa Moscow Akukwera, anamanga mu boma la Russia mu 1326. Komabe, ngati mpingo sadathe kumanga. Sanathe kupeza ambuye amenewa adzatha osachepera pang'ono motsanzira yemweyo woyera mwala chitsanzo kuti kwathunthu chimakwirira Cathedral ku St George mu Yuriev-Chipolishi. Zithunzi pamphasa okulira mpanda wa kachisi pamwamba ndi pansi.

moyo wachiwiri

nyumba yake inamangidwa zaka zinayi. Iwo ali kuima mu mawonekedwe wapachiyambi zaka zoposa mazana awiri, mpaka mu 1460 sizinachitike kugwa chipilalachi, zikuoneka, sangathe kubala katundu wolemera kwambiri. Kodi umboni wotsimikizika zina chifukwa chake Cathedral George anawonongedwa mu Yuriev-Chipolishi. Archaeology, amene amaphunzira umboni wooneka wa m'mbuyomu zikusonyeza kuti Angayambe tectonic vuto, komanso pansi.

Mwa lamulo la Grand Duke ndi odziwika Moscow wamanga V. D. Ermolinu adauzidwa ntchito kwawo. The wamanga kale anali ndi zambiri kubwezeretsedwa kwa nyumba yakale. Iwo Ermolin ankati anasonkhana kachiwiri Yuryev-Polsky Cathedral wa St. George (zithunzi Tingaone m'nkhani). The wamanga nadzinenera kuti iye anabwezeretsa mpingo ndi yopemphereramo ake, "kuwayika iye monga kale." Komabe, zimenezi si zoona.

New Look

Pa kubwezeretsa ntchito anali ndithu kwambiri pamfundo kufanana pristine wa nyumba zazikulu, akhala kwambiri kwambiri. Ambiri ziboliboli ndi anasowa, ndi ambuye otsala osokonezeka, nchifukwa chake kachisi wapakamwa anapereka kuona mosintha anamwazikana ndipo alibe chizimuthandiza chifukwa powonekera zithunzi.

M'zaka zotsatira anachira Cathedral Yermolin St. George mu Yuriev-Polsky wagwiritsa kale adasandulika. Choncho, mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri m'ma belfry inamangidwa pa khonde lake kumadzulo. Mu 1781 izo m'malo ndi wina - kwambiri chidwi, zomwe anamangidwira kumbali yakumadzulo, ndi Cathedral ku St. George chidafundidwa ndi zinayi otsetsereka, koma ankayenera kuti akhale pozakomarnoe chivundikiro, onse woyera mwala akachisi.

Mu 1809-1827 gg. nyumba waukulu kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, ndi chatsekedwa ndipo watsopano sacristy ZOWONJEZERA ofunda. Zonsezi zapangitsa kuti chiwonongeko latsopano ndi kupotoza wa chipilala wakale, amene lero kuoneka bwino ambiri zithunzi akale. Cathedral St. George ali maonekedwe okha mazana makumi awiri, pamene iwo potsiriza anagwetsa chifukwa akhaipisa kutambasuka kwa.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mlandu Ermolina zabodza. kunali koyenera osati kubwezeretsa Cathedral ku St. George mu Yuriev-Polsky, amene zomangamanga ndi wapadera komanso recreate kotero kuti chosula midadada lopotana analinso olimba mwala chitsanzo, ogwirizana ndi cholinga wamba: ndi yovuta kwambiri anaikidwa pamaso pake. Komabe, alibe pa dzanja palibe amajambula zithunzi, ndi kupatsidwa chakuti ambiri mwa miyala chifukwa cha kugwa anali akanangowonongeratu, izo zinali pafupi zosatheka.

amajambulapo maluwa okongola luso

About kusema kuti imakongoletsa Cathedral wa St. George, olembedwa nati kwambiri. luso lake amajambulapo maluwa okongola mpaka zaka makumi awiri kuti anauziridwa akatswiri ambiri ojambula zithunzi chinkhoswe mu matabwa "akhungu" yamazinga.

Pantchito zosamvetsetseka chosonyeza nyama, mbalame ndi zomera, mikango, atsekwe ndi michira kuluka - onse a iwo, zolengedwa za Mulungu, tamandani Mlengi wothwanima woyera m'mbale mwala kukometsera Cathedral wa St. George ku St. George.

Stone "zingwe"

Adadzimanga nacho chitsanzo osati pa makoma a ndege, koma pafupifupi chilichonse mapulani monga malikulu, mizati ndi makonde. Ziwerengero za anthu ndi nyama, lanthano nyama - zonse interspersed ndi zokongoletsera zosamvetsetseka zamaluwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kwathunthu TACHIMATA mwala zingwe George Cathedral zikuwoneka ngati zosamvetsetseka zooneka chipika odulidwa ku mwala olimba. Ndendende chifukwa cha chipinda chino chinali mwambo ndi chofunika.

zomangamanga

Cathedral ochepa. pamakoma ake lateral "atachuluka" makumbi. Iwo oletsedwa ndi arches pa wapakamwa wa zakomars muyezo. West za khonde, amene poyamba anali aakulu komanso apamwamba mbali. Iye anali storey chachiwiri ndi kwayala, anafuna kuti banja kalonga. Pangodya, pamphambano ya makoma kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, panali nyumba yopemphereramo ka Utatu, amene anali m'manda akalonga JuR'EVSKIJj. Kunja kuno ndi lero noticeable arkosoly, komwe mu 1252 anaikidwa Prince Svyatoslav.

The pamakoma a tchalitchi zidzasankhidwa ndi pilasters m'zigawo zitatu. Njira imeneyi ndi khalidwe la zomangamanga wakale Russian ndi chizindikiro cha kachisi zinayi chipilala. The yopingasa articulation a tchalitchi kumeneko arkaturno-columnar zone, imene pa nthawi ya kuwonongedwa kwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu lidakalipobe bwinobwino. Iye anawonjezera pamodzi kumtunda apse, Komanso olekanitsidwa ndi theka-mizati. Mu tiers onse a lamba Amawapatsa mkulu mazenera okwanira, ndipo mwachindunji pa malo a kachisi zazikulu panayima kyubu anauka pa wapadera pedestal mutu.

Kachisi anali pachiyambi

Akatswiri amati zimenezi kumbuyo kusiya katundu, komanso arches apamwamba ndipo anamupangitsa kugwa anawasema lapansi. Komabe, mamangidwe a buku loyambirira la nyumbayo yodziwika ndi kuuluka ndi mphamvu. kufanana wochepa, pamodzi ndi makumbi atatu pachiyambi, anapereka tchalitchi panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira ndi stolpoobraznoe.

Ngakhale mphamvu wake compositional wa Cathedral St. George ku St. George anali penapake wolephera nyumba chimodzimodzi Kiev ndi Smolensk, iye palpably kuposa maonekedwe awo wapadera. Ndipo pamwamba pa zonse izi chinathandiza kuchuluka ndi kukongola kwa ulusi umene, kuphimba makoma onse.

mkati

Mkati mwa Cathedral wa St. George ndi wotakasuka zokwanira. Wakhala akwaniritsa zikomo chakuti zipilala amene anawasema ake, atakhala amatangaza ndipo anasamukira ku makomawo. Guwa danga wosiyana waukulu chotchinga otsika limene matailosi ndi kudula deesis.

Amazipanga zabwino ndi murals pa kapangidwe mkati. Komabe, mu mpingo, zomwe ziribe kuyatsa yokumba, nthawizonse mdima, kotero kuwona mitundu yonse zithunzi, ndi zina zosatheka. Ambiri, mkati mwa tchalitchi sakanakhoza poyerekeza ndi ulemerero wake panja.

pamakoma

Pa makoma siliva-chikasu wa Cathedral mukhoza maola kuphunzira mapini yakulenga ya mwala kusema. Yaitali maphunziro lokonza ndi luso zathandiza kuti athe kupereka choyambirira maganizo omanga ndi zambiri kapena zochepa tikonze.

The nyimbo waukulu wokometsedwera Cathedral St. George mu Yuriev-Polsky, kuti "Transformation" pa wapakamwa kumadzulo, "sleepers zisanu ndi ziwiri" ndi "Utatu." Pa mbali kumpoto ndi "pamtanda" ndi "Daniel mu khola la mikango." Nyimbo monga "Ascension", "The Virgin Orans", anali chokongoletsedwa ndi wapakamwa kum'mwera.

chimakwirira mndandanda wonse wa oyera otchulidwa lamba arkaturno. Njira imeneyi ndi zambiri monga aang'ono Gothic mu Europe. Pa khoma kumpoto anali utoto mbali ambiri akalonga a Vladimir mafumu. Komanso kwapangidwa ndi mpumulo waukulu Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Woyera otchulidwa zida zankhondo, amanyamula chishango chizindikiro cha Kalonga mafumu - anakulira kambuku.

ndiAmene

Olemba mbiri wina wakale chidwi amene ndi mwini amene analenga tchalitchi. Ena afika ponena kuti wolemba yekha anali Svyatoslav. Akatswiriwo amakhulupirira kuti ngakhale kalonga ndipo anatenga mbali yaikulu polenga kapangidwe yomaliza ya wake umenewu kamangidwe, voplotitelyami mu moyo wake anali anthu wamba Russian osema.

Mu chilengedwe a tchalitchi ali ulinso ndi Mitrofan - Vladimir mabishopu, amene anali kuwotchedwa moyo Chitata. Zinali umunthu kwambiri, munthu wa chikhalidwe mkulu, wandale ochenjera ndi zaluso. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti iye amene anayambitsa chiwembu zodabwitsa kusema kuti imakongoletsa Cathedral St George mu Yuriev-Chipolishi. Mu nkhani ake anamva bwino kwambiri osati Patristic, komanso mabuku Russian wauzimu.

Palinso ananena kuti ntchito yomanga kachisi anali katswiri wa Volga Bulgaria. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti tchalitchi inamangidwa mogwirizana ndi zimene Vladimir-Suzdal motsogozedwa zomangamanga. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti dongosolo sikukanatheka ntchito ngati kwa amisiri kuti mukanakhalabe mulibe zinachitikira zokwanira. Only kukula kulenga ya carvers Russian mwala, amene odzipereka zinachitikira opatsirana akalambula, komanso zitsanzo zabwino koposa za luso m'dzikolo komanso akunja, analola nthawi imodzi kulenga Fairy-nthano mwala - Cathedral St. George ku St. George.