Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich: Wambiri ndi zolemba

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich - Soviet zachuma ndi Katswiri, wolemba nkhani yopeka, ndi wolemba n'komwe za ntchito ya chuma wamba ndi mfundo zachuma abwino. Iye ndi woimira yowala m'badwo luntha Russian m'zaka za m'ma 20. Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich, limene lili pansipa chithunzi, moyo wake wonse zoyenera kuphunzira kwa gulu la ulimi. mfundo yake inali kutengedwa ndi boma la Soviet. Komabe, popeza mma 1990, asayansi kunadetsa anayamba kunena kuti mfundo Chayanov. Tiyeni n'kuyesayesa zimene chikugwirizana ndi kufunika kwa ntchito ya ulimi wamba lingaliro.

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich: yonena

Koma kodi n'zotheka kuti tione zomwe anapeza wasayansi, osati kumvetsa mmene Iye anadza kwa iwo? Choncho tiyeni tiyambire ndi mbiri chabe. Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich anabadwa mu 1888 ku banja wamalonda amene ankakhala mu Moscow ,. Chotengeka ndi achibale 1906 analowa atamaliza maphunziro a ku koleji Kuuka ku Moscow Institute ulimi. Kale mu chaka choyamba kuchita chidwi ndi sayansi. Iye anali ndi chidwi Mensera. Monga amadziwika, yotsirizira ndi woyambitsa wa chiphunzitso cha zofunikira mmphepete. Mu 1908 Chayanov anapita ku Italy mu 1909 - Belgium. Tikumbukenso kuti ngakhale ngati wamng'ono iye ndinadziŵirana ndi maiko awa monga wasayansi weniweni, osati alendo wamba. Chidwi ndi ulendo oyamba Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich, zolemba zomwe mudzangokhala angapo a ntchito sayansi komanso luso osati, anakonza familiarization pulogalamu zinachitikira yachilendo ya gulu la ulimi. Nkhani yoyamba ya sayansi tsogolo zoyenera Co-ntchito ku Italy. Pa maphunziro pa yunivesite Chayanov lofalitsidwa 18 nkhani za sayansi. Iye anapereka malo mu dipatimenti ya zachuma ulimi, ndipo anavomera. Mu 1912 iye analandira udindo wa Master Chayanov. Kenako anachoka chaka pa kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu ina kunja. Nthawi imeneyi, dulos ntchito mu Paris ndipo Berlin. Pa nthawi imene kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu, iye anamaliza ntchito yake yoyamba zofunika "Essays pa chiphunzitso cha chuma ntchito."

Relations akuluakulu Soviet

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich, amene chopereka kwa chuma ndi kukhala lingaliro krestyanovedeniya sanali theoretician, ndipo wakhala anagwiritsa ntchito anapezazo ake kuchita. Iye anali membala wa njira zosiyanasiyana, membala wa bungwe la Cooperative Congresses. The candidacy Chayanov ngakhale asankha kwa positi kwa Nduna ya zaulimi, koma iye anali positi yekha kwa milungu iwiri. Potsilizira pake cooperators anali kugwirizanitsa ndi boma la Soviet. Kuyambira mu 1919 Chayanov ukugwira ntchito Commissariat of Agriculture. Mozungulira nthawi kuti nayenso anayamba kuphunzira ntchito zolembalemba. Mu 1922, mkulu wa kafukufuku Chayanov kutumikiridwa pa msonkhano chuma ulimi. Mu chaka chomwecho anakwatira ndipo anapita kwa ulendo wa zaka ziwiri kunja. Mu 1923 buku la ntchito yake yaikulu - ". Bungwe la chuma m'mphawi" Wake unayamba kuwerenga bourgeois pulofesa. Mu 1930 Chayanov anamangidwa. Iye asankha "Labor wamba Party" woyang'anira bungwe. kumva Public za mlanduwu sizinachitike. M'ndende, wasayansi akugwirabe ntchito pa mfundo yake. Chayanov ndiye kupita ku Alma-Ata, Iye akupitirizabe ntchito Commissariat a Agriculture. Mu 1937, pa zopusa choneneza wasayansi kuti aphedwe. Chiweruzo kukakamizidwa yomweyo, Chayanov zaka 49 zokha.

Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha

Cholowa luso la woyambitsa krestyanovedeniya ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Pamafunikanso osati ntchito ya sayansi, komanso ntchito za luso. Komabe, iwo onse amakhala ndi mutu wamba. ntchito luso chikusonyeza mawu osavuta apeza zovuta sayansi. Chayanov anawonjezera wina m'madera onse a mumaganiza agro-zachuma. Tingasiyanitsire magawo potsatira chitukuko cha chiphunzitso m'mphawi ntchito zachuma. Pakati pawo:

1. Kupezeka kwa minda banja.
2. Chirengedwe cha cooperatives agrarian.
3. Kukula kwa gawo la ulimi wonse.

chiphunzitso Banja ntchito

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich ndi woyambitsa wa malangizo lonse. M'zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa, vuto zigawo za landlords. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti vuto agrarian. kusintha Stolypin a sizinayende, ndipo atithandiza. Mungapezepo magazini osathetsedwa mu gawo la ulimi amafuna zikamera wa chiphunzitso chatsopano cha gulu la ulimi. Chayanov anamva mzimu wa nthawi. Iye anaona kuti mbali yaikulu ya chuma Russian - domesticity izi. Iwo kwakhudza mfundo zimenezi Chayanov ndi maphunziro pa anayambitsa. Inde, ena mwa aphunzitsi Chayanov allocated yaikulu akatswiri agrarian, Professor N. N. Hudyakov, AF Fortunatov, DN Prianishnikov.

Gulu la chuma m'mphawi

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich sanali Marxist. Komabe, iye anali mu njira zambiri maganizo ofanana "Capital" a wolemba za mmene wamba monga lamanja la ogwira ntchito ndi olemba ntchito anzawo. Otchuka Russian zachuma m'zaka za m'ma 20, anamvetsa bwino lomwe kufunika kwa kusintha ofunika. Kutsogolo, anaika ntchito munthu wa banja wamba. Kutengera phunziro zinachitikira ena ndi wazotsatira deta wasayansi amaika patsogolo ndi lingaliro la kukonza dongosolo ndi mfundo bwino ntchito. Iwo anapanga phata la krestyanovedeniya. Malinga ndi zachuma, ndi mulingo woyenera kukula kwa ogwira ntchito zaulimi zimadalira kukula banja.

ndondomeko

Cholinga cha ntchito wamba banja zosowa zawo. The zambiri optimally bungwe kuzipinda zogona, kotero kumachitika mokulirapo. Choncho, kufunika kukonzekera dongosolo. Ngati zimenezi molondola, izo zikutsimikizira mtendere wa kampani ndi dzuwa apamwamba ntchito. Aliyense munda ayenera kuonedwa ngati gawo la kachitidwe. Choncho, zimadalira siteji ya chitukuko cha dziko. Banja monga gulu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi onse zinthu zilipo. dongosolo la Gulu kumathandiza kumvetsa kapangidwe mkati mwa chuma, ubale nthambi zosiyanasiyana zolowa zachuma ndi ndalama ntchito pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pamafunikanso:

• Labor bwino. Izo zimasonyeza ubale ulimi ndi nsomba.
• Kupanga bwino. Amasonyeza ubale pakati pa ziweto ndi zida.
• Cash bwino. Iye amadziwika ndi revenues ndalama.

mfundo

Chayanov ankakhulupirira kuti chinsinsi cha buku la dongosolo si ndondomeko yeniyeni maganizo ntchito muyezo wa. Pakati pawo:

• Chapatsogolo mwayi ntchito ayenera kukhala banja ndi ubale wawo ndi zofuna zake ogula.
• M'pofunika kuganizira yogwila nchito zawo. Kungakhale kuchepetsa chinthu.
• An muyezo zofunika muja gulu la gawo. dongosolo zinalephereka ali zimakhudzanso chowawa pa dzuwa la chuma wamba.
• M'pofunika kuganizira peculiarities wa gulu la ntchito. Kwenikweni ayenera kumatsatira ndalama zoyendera.

Choncho, wolemba anakwanitsa kuphatikiza mbali zonse za mapulani chitukuko amakampani yaing'ono banja ulimi.

bwino ntchito

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich - wa zachuma amene anayambitsa chitsanzo kudziwa malire chilengedwe cha chilli ntchito iliyonse. Iye ananena kuti chifukwa ali zonse zofunikira kudziwa ndi chinthu kupanga, limene likupezeka mmene kwambiri zochepa. Kwa minda banja Chayanov ntchito siyana ngati ambiri a zachuma monga lendi, chidwi, ndalama, mitengo. Anatchula magulu awiri a zinthu mu profitability awo: zoweta ndi dziko chuma. Zoyambazo amaphatikizapo anthu ogwira ntchito ndi mphamvu ya ntchito yawo.

Zosiyanasiyana minda alimi

Nthawi yomalizira ya zilandiridwenso wasayansi unagwera pa chaka 1927-1930. Pamodzi ndi chuma ena, anaphunzitsidwa vuto zosiyanasiyana za anthu wamba a. Iye anasonyeza kuti anauka chifukwa cha disharmony cha masoka ndi losavuta kupanga chinthu. Woyamba gravitated kuchigawo chapakati ndi wakuda lachonde yotsirizira - madoko akuluakulu kwambiri. Kukonzanso zachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka utuluke kusamuka, ndilo chifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, stratification wa anthu, monga Chayanov, sanali kugwirizana ndi njira chikhalidwe, ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mitundu yatsopano ya minda. Kuti yotsirizira anaphatikizapo zaulimi, ngongole ndi usurious, malonda ndi thandizo. Pofuna kuthetsa vuto wasayansi kuti ndi bwino kuchita mukupanga collectivization. Iye ndi kukongoza chithandiza proletarians kumidzi kubwerera chitsanzo chikhalidwe cha ntchito banja.

Kufunika kwa mfundo ya chitukuko sayansi

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich - ndi Katswiri ndi zachuma, amene ntchito yawo bwino kudziwika ano asayansi amene amaphunzira dongosolo ulimi. Komabe, ndendende chifukwa cha mfundo izi adamva kuwawa nazo. Stalin panokha kudzudzulidwa chiphunzitsochi. Chayanov chifukwa choyamba ukapolo, ndiye anaphedwa pa zaka 49. Komabe, ngakhale izi zonse chiphunzitso anapitiriza kukhala. Mu 1980 anayamba akuchita chidwi. Masiku ano, chuma ulimi akadali amatchula, ndipo mudzapeza kudzoza mu izo.

Chayanov dzina lake Aleksandr Vasilevich Books

Wasayansi analemba mabuku ambiri. Tikumbukenso kuti lokha pa kuphunzitsa pa anayambitsa, iye nkhani 17. ntchito yake yaikulu imatengedwa buku "Essays pa chiphunzitso cha chuma ntchito." Mu 1989 inasindikizidwa mu buku limodzi anasankha ntchito za sayansi ndi. Zina mwa ntchito wotchuka luso Chayanov "Ulendo wa m'bale wanga Alexei kwa enaake m'mphawi". Ena mwa iwo afalitsidwa pambuyo wolemba atamwalira mu zaka 1980-2010.