Kusintha ndalama

Ambiri zolakwa za zinthu zoterozo angathe kuthetsedwa mu dera ndalama, monga devaluation, ndi akusinthana ndalama, chipembedzo. Komabe, zonsezi onse amene amayambitsa kusintha yaitali, musati kuthetsa zifukwa zomwe zinatipangitsa awa kapena kuipa ena.

Kwakukulu Kupha zochitika zoipa ndi kusintha ndalama. Zimenezi amapereka kusintha kwa zisathe, khola wagawo ndalama zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko ubale chuma chuma msika. Pa nthawi yomweyo chinawonjezeka ndi kufunika chuma chuma cha dziko la bungwe.

Kusintha ndalama ikuchitika malinga ndi malamulo panopa. Cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa boma dongosolo zachuma. Pa kusintha kumachitika mkhutu kuchotsa banknotes, m'malo kumasuka banknotes latsopano. Kusintha ndi ndalama (kapena zili golide), anasintha kuchoka wina wa zachuma kwa ena. Pankhaniyi, kusintha ikuchitika kufalitsidwa ndalama ndipo sanali ndalama wotuluka.

Tikumbukenso kuti kusintha ndalama sizitanthauza zokhazikika zopezera tsogolo la unit ndalama. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa kusintha zofunika zonse azichita zinthu kulimbikitsa dongosolo latsopano. chapadera kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya zachuma ndi ngongole. ntchito zake zimathandiza kuti lamulo kofunika makampani ndalama.

Malinga ndi zimene zinachitikira m'mbiri ya kusintha komanso kutenga nkhani zili za kusintha okha, pali prerequisites zitatu zikuluzikulu kwa bwino kusintha ndalama.

1. Kukhalabe unit ndalama yaikulu yopanga kukula. Iye kumathandiza kuti buku la okwanira ndi zimasokoneza imabwera ukuwonjezeka mtengo.
2. No kuchepekedwa mu bajeti amapewa kubweretsa nkhani ya ndalama ndi ngongole kwa azipeza kangachepe. Chifukwa cha ichi kugula mphamvu zochepa ndi Mwina imakhudzira kuwonjezeka mtengo.
3. Ngati pali zokwanira nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo kukhalabe khola kusinthitsa ndalama ya ndalama dziko. malo amenewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuitanitsa katundu ndi kuonjezera azipeza mu msika, ngati n'koyenera.

Kumene, mfundo zonsezi ndi tanthauzo losiyana kuchititsa kusintha osiyanasiyana ndalama.

Mwachitsanzo, woyamba kusintha ndalama ku Russia zaka 1895-97 zinachitikadi ndi maziko a kukula kwa kupanga ndi pafupifupi moyenera bajeti. Koma, chifukwa chakuti kutembenuka nthawi mungathe mfulu nzeru zolemba banki golide, kudzikundikira nkhokwe za golide amamuonera ndi tanthauzo lapadera.

latsopano kusintha ndalama zinachitikadi mu zaka 1922-24 mu dziko. Kutembenuka ayenera atathetsa mavuto amene apanga a zachuma nkhondo padziko lonse komanso Civil nkhondo. Pankhaniyi prerequisites kukhazikitsa bwino za kusintha zinakambidwa. Komabe, zinthu zina anapanga aziwapatsa kusintha mwamsanga likhale. zinthu izi zigwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka ntchito kwa ndalama zakunja kupezeka. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba amalanda depreciating ndalama dziko. Mogwirizana ndi kutembenuka limeneli anayamba kutha kwa zaka 22 nkhani tenner. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ndalama (pakalibe zinthu zina) osati kamodzi, koma pa chiyambi cha chaka 24.

The kusintha kutsatira chuma m'dziko kunachitika mu 1947. Tikumbukenso kuti kusintha choyambirira amayenera kuyamba mu 1946. Koma chifukwa cha zoipa kusintha chaka ndalama kulephereka kwa chaka chamawa, lomwe linali lobala zipatso ndipo anathandizapo bwino makhalidwe ake.

Kufunika kwa kusinthika izi zinachitika mu Russia kwa zaka za m'ma 20 mochedwa. Pa nthawi phindu la ndalama mu moyo wa anthu ndi ntchito za mabizinezi zinali m'malo otsika. Motero, ndalama national kusinthitsa ndalama adasanduzika 1998, unachitikira chipembedzo.