Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Saltykov-Shchedrin. Mwachidule mbiri ndi ntchito

Michael Evgrafovich - lalikulu Russian Wolemba satirist. moyo Saltykov-Shchedrin anayamba mu 1826, 27 (15) ya January m'chigawo Tver m'mudzi wa Spas-Ugol. Iye kumtundu wa fuko lomveka ndi banja lake linali lolemera.

Saltykov-Shchedrin: Wambiri - A mwachidule mbiri ya ubwana

Wolemba m'tsogolo mayi wankhanza. Zabelina Olga Mihaylovna anali kwathunthu lopanda anthu, ndi chifaniziro chake kenako zili mu "Ambuye Golovlyovo". Banja anali ndi ana asanu, ndipo ngakhale kuti Michael ankatchedwa amakonda, banja chokhudza iye navidalsya zonse. Koma ngati ndi mnyamata M'malo mwake, kupsa mtima. Nyengo ya zaka khumi, wolemba ndiye limafotokoza pafupifupi autobiographical "Poshehonsky kalekale." Saltykov zonse anakumbukira ubwana wake ndi kuwawa ndi, monga ulamuliro, sindimakonda kulankhula za izo. ubwana wake zinachitika makamaka payekha, ana onse akale kale anasiya kuphunzira. Ndipo anakulira anachita pang'ono weniweni.

duality

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Saltykov-Shchedrin ayamba kale dzina lake. Mbali zake ziwiri uyu ndiye woyamba - Saltykov, ndipo chachiwiri - Shchedrin - inatulutsidwa mochedwa monga alias lapansi. moyo tinali kugawidwa mmagawo awiri: Saltykov - nduna ndipo Shchedrin - wolemba, satirist ndi wolemba.

ntchito Saltykov

Saltykov Mihail Evgrafovich anayamba ntchito yake ndi athamangitsidwe lapansi. Mu August 1844, iye analembetsa mu ofesi St. Petersburg, mu 1846 mnyamata panali kupeza mpando Mlembi Wothandizira wa nduna nkhondo. Ndipo ali ndi zaka 22, mu 1848, iye anali wandende Vyatka koyamba kafukufuku zolembalemba. Komabe, iye anapitiriza kutumikira, ndi ntchito yake anali ndi luso. Iye kawiri anatumikira monga wachiwiri kazembe: m'chigawo cha Ryazan Ine V Tverskoy.

zolembalemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu

Mu 1847, pa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la Saltykov-Shchedrin zolembalemba. Pa review poyamba, ndiyeno awiri nkhani, m'magazini yotchedwa "Mfundo za Lathu". Iwo anapita pansi pseudonyms M. Nepanov ndi MS

Real kutchuka anabwera kwa iye 1856 pamene anafalitsa mndandanda wake "Provincial Essays", kuyambira, ndipo anapita mu ntchito pseudonym Nikolay Schedrin, amene anadzakhala mbali ya dzina lake. Ndipo panali mwambo kufalitsa ntchito zawo mu m'zinthu.

zina zachidule

Essays Shchedrin kwenikweni malamulo a boma, anthu amene ayenera kudzapereka madongosolo awa, kuthandiza. Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich mwapadera zoyenera wake ntchito chithunzi Russian akuluakulu kuti 60s m'ma.

Shchedrin-wolemba akuyamba kupambana pa Saltykov-boma. Izi makamaka bwino pakubwera nthawi imene N. A. Nekrasov akubwera mu magazini "Mfundo za Lathu" ndi kutchula monga Co-mkonzi wa Saltykov-Shchedrin. Mu 1868, Saltykov-boma nthawi agonjera ku wolemba Shchedrin.

Popeza 1878, pambuyo pa imfa ya Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin anakhala mkonzi wa yekha "Mfundo za Lathu". Zinali lothandiza mu moyo wake.

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Saltykov-Shchedrin kutsutsa ndi

Saltykov-Shchedrin yekha amaona yekha monga wotsutsa wina. Mtsutso maziko, akuluakulu malamulo. Mu 60s, iye akuona kuti pansi pa "moto" olemba anzawo.

chakuti wolemba amapereka owerenga ndi Zotengera, koma osati chifukwa cha mmene timaonera wa kunja amatsata, koma munthu amene ali ndi chilengedwe. Ndi zimenezi ndipo mobwerezabwereza mlandu Saltykov-Shchedrin. Ndi wotsutsa kwambiri amapilira anali Dmitriy Ivanovich Pisarev. Iye ananena kuti alibe zokwanira basi kudzatonza dongosolo alipo, ndi ambiri, ndi mlandu kunyogodola malamulo boma makina, monga gawo ambiri a iwo. Ndi chododometsa ku mfundo za makhalidwe abwino a mnzanuyo. Pisarev ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mabuku Musapereke zosangalatsa, ndi maphikidwe, momwe moyo wa owerenga. Iye anati, mwachitsanzo, kuti Pushkin anali wopanda pake. Ndipotu, anaphunzitsa ndi "Eugene Onegin"?

Pisarev chitaya Saltykov-Shchedrin ndi chidzudzulo amphamvu. Akukhulupirira kuti 60s moyang'ana mzake mumaganiza awiri mabuku Russian: oyera luso lomwe ndi kukongola wosatha, ndipo mabuku boma. Zikuoneka kuti ntchito za Saltykov-Shchedrin wa wachiwiri wa madera otchulidwa. Koma Pisarev anena kuti chinthu choopsa chimene Saltykov-Shchedrin chilibe ntchito mafashoni mu mabuku kuseka, banter, nasmeshnichestvo, zomwe ziribe kanthu kochita ndi kusintha chenicheni cha chowonadi.

Kusintha ntchito

Kumayambiriro kwa 60s - 70s Mikhail Evgrafovich amapereka owerenga chinthu chatsopano - uwu si monga mndandanda wa essays, ndipo lonse ntchito - "The Nkhani ya City". Ndi parody wa mbiri wabwino mbiri. mtawuni akutumikira monga chitsanzo cha dziko. City mopusa - ziri za Russia. Ntchito imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri podzudzula bureaucracy lapansi.

Cha m'ma 80s ntchito za Saltykov-Shchedrin kukhala watsopano. Iye anawatcha iwo nthano. Iwo anali pafupi makumi atatu. Ali odzazidwa ndi Zotengera ndale ndi zinasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala "Russian boma yotchedwa Gazette", limene palokha ndi zachilendo. Ndipotu, nthano zambiri mu manyuzipepala musati kusindikiza. Koma ali mawu enieni ichi, wolemba ananena kuti ankafuna: a nthano zonse si. Monga mwachizolowezi amasimbira, ntchito zake palibe mathero osangalala. Iwo ali ozadzidwa Izitu n'zovutitsa ndi zambiri ngati nkhani komanso mabuku.

Mu satirical mabuku Russian kungathandize kwambiri ndi Saltykov-Shchedrin. Wambiri mwachidule Sizingathe kusonyeza chidzalo cha chinsinsi cha zodabwitsazi mabuku Russian, Mikhail Evgrafovich. Anamuitanira waukulu zoipa diagnostician ndi matenda.

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Saltykov-Shchedrin anauza anthu amene ankagwira naye. Iwo ananena kuti khalidwe lake mantha kwambiri ndi kukwiya. Ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa ntchito. Choncho zimakhala zovuta kuwerenga. Ntchito sangakhoze "kuwameza".

"Golovlevs" - chimodzi cha zinthu sitikuwamvetsa bwino Russian mabuku. Kodi Dostoevsky mupeza n'kumupatsa kulemba "Abale Karamazov."

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Saltykov-Shchedrin monga chakuti ambiri mwa mawu tikugwiritsabe ntchito, anatulukira ndipo anayambitsa kuti mabuku ndi moyo iye. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "sikutanthauza." Michael Evgrafovich analenga ndipo anayambitsa mabuku dongosolo lawo la allusions n'zolakwika. wolemba anayesanso kulemba ndakatulo, koma pambuyo woyamba zinalephereka kafukufuku cholembera ndakatulo waponya muyaya. Saltykov-Shchedrin anaphunzira ku sukulu imodzi mkulu, ndi kuti dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, ndipo apa ndi pamene iwo anayamba kulemba.

Wolemba anakhala zaka 63. Iye anafa m'chaka cha 1889.