Chifuwa chachikulu chiri.

Mfundo zimenezi TB, anthu anadziwa ngakhale pamaso pa kubadwa kwa Khristu. Mu II Zakachikwi BC, mu ulamuliro wa Hammurabi ku Babulo anatilola chilekano kwa akazi ndi mbiri ya TB.

Pa nthawi ya Hippocrates exhaustively anafotokoza waukulu mbali ya TB m'mapapo mwanga. Mwatsoka, chimachititsa matenda matenda, Hippocrates sizolondola, chifukwa ine ndimaganiza kuti chifuwa cha TB ndi matenda otengera kuti kumachitika chifukwa mapangidwe kwambiri a ntchofu mu thupi. Nayenso anaphunzira vuto la zikamera TB Avicenna, amene ananena kuti matenda imafalikira amapatsirana ndi chitukuko cha TB amakhudza makamaka malo akunja.

Choyamba TB ankatchedwa mowa, motero dzina la nthenda "phthisiology" (kuchokera Greek "phthisis." - mowa). Monga mukudziwa, TB - ndi oopsa nthenda imene imachititsa majeremusi TB - mycobacteria. TB amakhala ndi mapangidwe mu thupi la foci chimodzi kapena zingapo kutupa, amene angathe kukhala ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri matenda amakhudza m'mapapo minofu.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi chikhalidwe opatsirana a matenda aakulu, monga TB, zatsimikiziridwa m'zaka 19. kupezeka anapangidwa mu 1882 ndi German Robert Koch, amene osati kokha kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zimene TB, komanso anawulula mtundu wa mycobacteria, chifukwa wake.

Mycobacterium TB, mosiyana ndi zinyama zina tizilombo akhama kwambiri: bakiteriya izi ndi zabwino ndipo amamvera chisanu, ndi m'dziko, ndi kugonjetsedwa zidulo ndi mowa. Pasulani bakiteriya akhoza yaitali yekha Powonetsa izo kutentha kapena chlorine-munali zinthu. Komanso salola mtundu uwu wa dzuwa mycobacteria mwachindunji.

Pafupifupi aliyense wa ife monga mwana, kapena kukhala mu unyamata, "kupeza" ku malo mycobacteria osiyana Koma sayambitsa TB. "Mwaulesi" oyambitsa amalephera matenda, nthawi zonse kuwalimbikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa TB chitetezo chokwanira. Pofuna immunize thupi tikuuzidwa mwachindunji attenuated mycobacterium amene ankagwira BCG (oyambitsa Calmette-Guerin), imene imathandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo mabakiteriya "mwamakani" kulowa thupi zimene zambiri kumayambitsa mavuto adzaoneni.

Infection ndi mycobacteria "mwamakani" zimadza munthu amene akudwala matenda yogwira, zomwe, sneezing, kutsokomola ndi ngakhale kungonena, kugawira Koch amakhala mozungulira. Kuli matenda kumachitika pamene wonyeketsa mankhwala mkaka anachokera ku nyama ndi kachilombo TB. Yogwira chitukuko cha matenda zambiri amapezeka mu kukhalapo kwa zinthu monga zinthu chowawa moyo (onse chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe); pamaso pa matenda munthu kachilombo zokhudzana (chapamimba chilonda, shuga, matenda m'mapapo mwanga); nkhawa; kutupikana. Kuti apululuke a chitetezo chokwanira, motero kufala kwa osauka TB yochititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa ndi kusuta.

Choncho, kodi TB komanso chitukuko cha matenda? Kamodzi mu thupi la munthu, tubercle Bacillus kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mu phapo, komanso lymph ndi mfundo anayamba kupanga foci kutupa. Zimenezi amatchedwa TB chachikulu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zotupa awa akhoza zarubtsovyvatsya, koma mycobacteria ziri momwemo, nthawi zambiri amapita ku mtundu wa "matalala" boma, ndipo ngati chikhale ndi kuyamba mwachangu zikuchulukirachulukira.

Chifuwa chachikulu - matenda amene thupi lithe a tubercle Bacillus ndi magazi ndi lymph ingafalire mwachangu thupi lonse. matenda zingakhudze mapapo osati ziwalo zina ndi zimakhala: mafupa, khungu, maso, matumbo, mkodzo dongosolo, meninges. Komabe, anthu ambiri n'komwe tsiku, ndicho TB, adzasiyidwa pachaka fluorography ndi manyazi katemera, ndipo izi, mu zingathandize chakuti chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda oopsa, amatenga ponseponse.