Dzira kumanga: onse mudziwe

Linagwira - ndi wamkazi selo imene ili haploid ya DNA. cholinga chake chachikulu - kulanda mudziwe majini pa umuna. Kapangidwe ka dzira mu chikhalidwe akhoza ndithu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, dzira - ndi nsomba mazira, mazira, etc. Aliyense mtundu wa nyama uli ndi khalidwe lokha.

Kapangidwe ka mbalame dzira

Mwina chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa nyumba imeneyi ndi mazira a mbalame ndi nyama zokwawa, amene kwakukulukulu ndi dongosolo ofanana. Dzira - dzira yaikulu, yomwe ndi kophweka popanda zipangizo zina zapadera.

Nkhuku mazira tichipeza yolk, albumen ndi chipolopolo. Aliyense wa mbali izi constituent ali makhalidwe yake. The yolk ndi wandiweyani, chikasu, zozungulira dongosolo ili pakati dzira. Lili kwambiri kunyama, mapuloteni, mavitamini, inki ndi mchere mazira. cholinga chake chachikulu - ndi mphamvu ya Ndisanaumbidwe lapansi.

Top yolk ataphimbidwa ndi woonda ndi wandiweyani vitelline Kakhungu, pamwamba pa zomwe Tingaone malo ka kuwala - ndi blastodisc, imene inali ku malo pamaso umuna oocyte phata.

Chotsatira ndi dzira woyera, umene lagawidwa mipira anayi. Lili zambiri zomanga thupi, mavitamini ndi mchere. Komanso, pali lysozyme - ndi puloteni yapadera, amene ali zimakhudzanso antibacterial. Kupyolera wosanjikiza mapuloteni akhoza seep mipweya yokha.

Mapuloteni TACHIMATA mipira podskorlupovymi awiri pakati omwe pali kusiyana yaing'ono. Chipolopolo Mazira - wandiweyani kwambiri zoteteza mazira chipolopolo, chomwe makamaka kashiamu carbonate. Eggshell akhoza kukhala thicknesses osiyana ndi mitundu - ndi mbali khalidwe la mtundu wina aliyense.

Kapangidwe ka mazira anthu

dzira akazi - khungu kugonana, amene kusungidwa ndi kukhwima mu follicles wa n'kuwasanganiza lapansi. Monga nyama zonse, anthu nyongolosi selo lakonzedwa mufotokoze ya DNA pa kubalana.

Mosiyana somatic ndi, nyongolosi maselo opangidwa ndi meiosis, kotero yekha ali haploid (cha anthu 23) ya DNA. Features ya kapangidwe ka mazira anthu adzakhala pansipa.

Woyamba chosiyana Mbali - ndi kukula. Ngati yachibadwa somatic chigawo selo kawirikawiri kuposa 20 micrometers, m'mimba mwake kwa dzira wamkazi pafupifupi 100 microns. Izi selo kugonana ndi amodzi ndipo ali mu follicle mpaka mapeto a kusasitsa awo.

Choncho, kapangidwe ka dzira ndi ofanana ndi maselo ena mu thupi - izo wapangidwa wa phata, cytoplasm, ndipo okha nembanemba plasma. Monga tanenera kale, haploid phata. The cytoplasm lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ribosomes, mitochondria, ndi EPS.

Komanso, mu selo wogawana anagawira otchedwa yolk granules, zimene zimapereka mphamvu selo mpaka kumayambiriro kwake kukhoma uterine. Zheltkova thovu anadzazidwa ndi zakudya - makamaka mafuta ndi pang'ono zomanga thupi, mavitamini ndi mchere.

dzira wamkazi ali ndi kapangidwe ndi zina zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mbale lakunja la cytoplasm muli granules wapadera secretory. Ndi malowedwe a umuna mu nkhani granule adzamasulidwa ndipo amachita pa chipolopolo dzira - chifukwa, chingasinthe matabwa ake m'njira imene palibe umuna ena akhoza mkatikati.

Ndipotu ina chidwi n'chakuti chiwerengero cha mazira mkazi ndi kuika mmbuyo mu nthawi ya embryonic chitukuko. Ndi mu nyengo ya chitukuko cha mazira mu wosabadwa kale anapanga nambala inayake wa follicles ndi oocytes. Poyerekeza ndi thupi wamwamuna, ndondomeko mapangidwe spermatozoa, kuyambira msinkhu, ndi okhazikika.

Monga mukuonera, kapangidwe ka dzira silipita ndipo limathandizana mogwirizana ndi ntchito iwo amachita izo.