Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi - kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse? Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi zilembo

Khutu wosaphunzitsidwa Russian anthu Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi - mosinthana, munthu anganene, ngakhale ofanana. Koma kodi ndi chiyani pali kusiyana? Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi - zilankhulo ziwiri zimalankhulidwa ndi Ayuda, koma amasiyana mzake ndi zaka chiyambi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu, ndi ena ambiri. M'nkhani ino tikukamba pa kusiyana waukulu pakati pa machitidwe awiri chinenero. Koma choyamba muyenera kupereka malongosoledwe ambiri a zilankhulo ziwiri zonsezo.

chiyambi Chiheberi

Kwenikweni ndi imodzi mwa zilankhulo wamkulu wa anthu. Adzaupereka kwa gulu Ayuda. Mokhudzana ndi chiyambi chake palibe kugwirizana pakati mbiri yakale. Ena amanena kuti iye anapatulidwa kwa chinenero kumpoto cha kum'mwera nthambi ya gulu Ayuda, amene kulembetsa Chiugariti, Akanani ndi Chiaramu, ndi linalandira ufulu m'nthawi XIII BC Dzina "Ayuda" likuchokera ku dzina la Semu - mbadwa ya Nowa wakale, kumene pakhala anthu, kulankhula zinenero tatchulawa. Koma izi chabe kungoganizira, chifukwa umboni wakuti zilankhulo izi zinali kamodzi limodzi lonse, palibe. M'malo mwake, malinga ndi osungidwa zipilala zolembedwa, zilankhulo izi amaoneka kuti kwathunthu ndi athanzi, osati mu siteji ya chitukuko.

Chiheberi - chinenero cha anthu?

Tikamadalira Malemba Achiheberi, Achiheberi akale mawonekedwe ndipo anali kulankhula yekha Semu, Nowa ndi bambo ake, ndipo ngakhale munthu woyamba padziko lapansi - Adam. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chisokonezeko cha malirime ndi chilango cha kusamvera kwa anthu a ku Babulo wakale, ndipo Semu ndi ana ake anali pakati opandukawo, ndizoonekeratu kuti chinenero chawo sizinasinthe ndipo kupitiriza kukhalapo mpaka Myuda - Abraham.

Chiyidishi - chinenero chimene sangathe kudzitama wa zaka zimenezi, anaonekera ndi posachedwapa.

Zolembedwa oyambirira olembedwa

Kumene, Chiheberi m'mbiri yake yaitali, lasintha. Mwachitsanzo, mbali ya Baibulo, yotchedwa Chipangano Chakale, linalembedwa makamaka mu mawonekedwe a M'Chiheberi mu nyengo ya ku XV m'nthawi V BC Ndipo ndi chikalata chachikulu kuphunzira mawonekedwe Achihebri oyambirira. Anapeza zikwi mipukutu ndi zidutswa, imene mukhoza younikira zosintha mu kulemba makalata.

Yotsutsana ndi Malemba zipilala kwalembedwa za nthawi yomweyi ya zochepa. Pakati pawo Gezersky miyezi kalendala ndi malongosoledwe a zaulimi (X m'ma BC), Msamariya mapale VIII m'ma BC ndi chimodzimodzi ku Lakisi zokhudza BC VI atumwi, komanso nthawi Siloamu osonyeza Hezekiya.

mungaphunzire pa zikalata zakale za dongosolo zamalankhulidwe ndi dongosolo kalembedwe wa chinenero cha nthawi, chitukuko nthawi imeneyo. Ndi zotheka kuti tifufuza kuti panali ena chiwerengero cha mawu anaitenga ku atazindikira, Chiaramu ndi Arabic, ali m'gulu M'Chiheberi.

Chiyidishi sichidziwa kudzitamanda mwa zolemba zakale zoterezi, monga mu zaka zambiri kulibe. Iye anawonekera zambiri mtsogolo.

Chiheberi: chitukuko kupitirire

nthawi yonseyi Achiheberi ntchito chinenero m'kamwa ndi olembedwa. Chinali chinenero yekha kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku.

Koma zinthu zinayamba kusintha mu BC II m'zaka Chiheberi unasiya kukhala anthu amalankhula. Tsopano kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kulambira. Koma, ngakhale, iye anakhalabe, ngakhale kakusintha kusintha zinthu zina. yofunika kwambiri imeneyi ankaimba alembi lemba la Old Testament kuti ankadzitcha Amasorete.

chakuti Chiheberi pali wina chidwi Mbali: mawu Chiheberi zinalembedwa ndi chimodzi chokha consonant ndi mavawelo ali anaikapo ngakhale pamene ndondomeko kuwerenga. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, pamene Chiheberi anakhala kunja kwa banja, ndi moyenera, malankhulidwe Ayuda adawomba kuchepa, mibadwo latsopano tayiwala mmene kutchula mawu ena, chifukwa ine ndikukayika, kodi m'pofunika kuwonjezera pa mavawelo. Ndipo Amasorete awa anapanga dongosolo la mavawelo - zizindikiro za mawu kuti mawu siyinatayike muyaya. Umo ndi momwe Achiheberi anatha kupulumuka mpaka nthawi yathu. Ngakhale ngati icho pafupifupi konse ntchito mpaka chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Chinali chinenero cha kulambira, mabuku utolankhani.

Poganizira, tikhoza kunena kuti pa chiyambi cha m'ma wotsiriza monga dzina colloquial ntchito Chiyidishi - m'chilankhulo cha Ayuda European.

Koma ndi chitsitsimutso cha dziko la Israyeli mu 1948, Chiheberi ndi chinenero cha boma. Panali gulu zothandiza oyamba a Chiheberi mu muzochitika zones za moyo. Koma cholinga chachikulu adzabweranso m'chinenero choyambirira mu chinenero. Ndipo ndi chozizwitsa chinachitika. Language kuti anali bookish m'zaka za m'ma 18, izo zikumveka kachiwiri m'misewu, m'masitolo, pa maphunziro kusukulu.

zilembo Chiheberi

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Chiheberi kalata lalikulu anatumikira monga maziko kulemba zinenero onse m'nkhani ino. Koma kodi kusiyana? Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi kwenikweni ndi zofanana ya zilembo. kalembedwe Modern anali atathana pambuyo ukapolo ku Babulo (VI m'ma BC). M'makalata kulemba lalikulu. Pansipa pali zilembo ndi mavawelo. makalata anakonza pa chitsanzo European - kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Bwino mbali anaika mawu.

Ndipo Chiyidishi, ndi zilembo Chiheberi wopangidwa mwa zilembo 22 ndipo akutchedwa consonant, (chifukwa makalata amenewa akuimira makonsonati okha), alibe makalata osiyana mavawelo. Koma mu mavawelo Chiheberi zina chinanso chomasuka kuwerenga, zimene tamutchula uja. Izi makamaka nkhawa ana kapena mabuku achipembedzo. Mu Chiyidishi vocalizations yemweyo ayi. Ichi ndi chimodzi kusiyana waukulu polemba makalata. Pano pali chitsanzo cha zilembo mu Chiyidishi, kumene makalata anakonza kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere.

Chiyidishi chiyambi

chilankhulo tinganene kuti achinyamata poyerekeza ndi anansi ake. Izo zinayambira mu XX-XIV zaka Kum'maŵa ndi Pakati pa Ulaya. Bukuli lili anabwera lotanthauzira High m'zilembo German, ndipo pa nthawi - ndi masiku Chijeremani. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo a kayankhulidwe ka - Achiheberi chomwecho, ndi wina% 15 mawuwo Msilavo. Mu mawu osavuta, Chiyidishi - izo ndi mapaziwo apangidwa wa Ayuda, Germany ndi Asilavo machitidwe chinenero. Koma Chiyidishi zilembo si wosiyana kuchokera ku Chiheberi.

mawu ambiri mizu German, lilinso anamanga ntchito German galamala. mawu Chiyidishi phonetically amaona ankalankhula Chijeremani. N'zosadabwitsa woyamba Chiyidishi jargon zatchulidwa, ndipo sayenera kuonedwa monga chinenero osiyana, kapena ngakhale chilankhulo.

Chiyidishi kuchuluka m'dera

Iye, ndithudi, si monga lonse monga la mpikisano ake - Chiheberi. Chiyidishi kuti Ayuda okha Europe. M'madera ena a dziko si ntchito.

Ngakhale kuti m'mayiko European izo akulankhula anthu oposa 11 miliyoni, mwalamulo, mu zina zimene iye anali chimatengedwa ngati chiyankhulo wathunthu okha pa chiyambi cha m'ma XX. Mwachitsanzo, pa mikono ya Byelorussian SSR, mawu akuti "Antchito a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa!" Lidalembedwa Chibelarusi, Russian, Polish ndi Chiyidishi. Ndiponso, iye anali, osati Chiheberi anali m'gulu la zilankhulo nduna ya SSR Chiyukireniya 1917.

Koma pa nthawi, Achiheberi kum'chotsa mwa ntchito chifukwa zinthu zina. Kodi n'chiyani ichi? Choyamba, mkulu chinenero cha Israel analengeza Mhebri; chachiwiri, Ayuda ambiri analankhula Chiyidishi, anaphedwa pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, mu malo lachitatu, Chiheberi ndi m'chilankhulo cha Ayuda amene akukhala mu Dziko Lolonjezedwa.

kusiyana

Choncho, timakhulupirira onse pamwamba za zinenero awiri awa, kodi pali kusiyana? Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi ena kusiyana ofunika. Apa iwo ali:

• Chiheberi zaka zikwi zingapo wamkulu kuposa Chiyidishi.
• Chiheberi amanena okha zilankhulo Ayuda, ndi maziko a Chiyidishi, kupatula Ayuda, palinso German, ndi mizu Asilavo.
• Lemba mu Chiyidishi kuchilemba popanda mavawelo.
• Chiheberi ndi zambiri zofanana.

media Aborigine, wodziwa ndi iye ndi chinenero winayo akhoza bwino kufotokoza kusiyana. Chiheberi ndi Chiyidishi ofanana m'njira zambiri, koma chachikulu zikuoneka osati mu mawu kapena galamala, ndi zolinga ntchito. Ndicho chimene mwambi zinkakhalira Ayuda a ku Ulaya zaka 100 zapitazo za izo, "Mulungu amanena Chiyidishi tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo m'Chiheberi -. Loweruka" Ndiye, Chihebri chinali chilankhulidwe okha zinthu achipembedzo, ndi onse akunenapo Chiyidishi. Chabwino, tsopano zinthu zasintha zosiyana.