Dislocation - ndi chiyani ichi? Kodi kutumizgika asilikali mayunitsi, sitima, magalimoto, zizindikiro msewu, kapena oweruza a mtendere?

Lingaliro la "dislocation" ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Angapezeke mu sayansi, zochita nkhondo, malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, kapepala wa oweruza dziko kulankhula za analamula awo. Mfundo imeneyi inabwera kuchokera mawu Latin ndi anamasuliridwa kuti "dislocation", "kusuntha", "anasintha", "malo", "malo".

umagwirira

Taganizirani chitsanzo cha mfundo chifukwa makhiristo. nyumba izi mwina ena zopindika. Iwo amafanana mzere, ndi atomiki particles eni osati bwino anapereka. Kuti kusintha amatchedwa dislocations mu galasi lapansi. Iwo amapanga-tcheru, kusintha ena katundu wawo. Dislocation - kuphwanya onse kunja ndi mkati. Krustalo yokha wotaya katundu makina, si monga cholimba ndi zotanuka.

Gawo

Dislocation ndi m'mphepete ndi wononga. Ngati galasi ndi wangwiro, ndiye utali wonse wa ndege ya atomiki imakonzedwa mu kufanana. Koma pamene analira iwo mkati kapangidwe yokha, kumachititsa m'mphepete dislocation. Izi zikutanthauza kuti owonjezera theka anapanga. Iwo amatchedwa mapindikidwe olamulira. Ngati timagwiritsa ntchito maso, inu mukhoza kuona chithunzi mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuona mmene makamaka anakonza mizere atomiki. Ngati galasi yokha kupanga ang'ambe thupilo pamodzi ndege m'magulu anayi, ndipo pite ku lowermost wosanjikiza wachibale pamwamba 1 interatomic mtunda m'njira perpendicular, ndipo pambuyo pa zonse izi kusindikiza onse maatomu pa m'mbali zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake, ndiye chitsanzo adzakhala mwangwiro Mwachitsanzo m'mphepete dislocation. Ang'ambe thupilo chachiwiri - ndi kosangalatsa malangizo, chimene chimatchedwa burgers vekitala. Therethrough ndi yokha mzere chilema ndidzadutsa pa Pepala ndege ya dislocations. Choncho, ndege kowonjezera aumbike. The galasi yokha wataya maonekedwe ake nayang'ana yosiyana, monga kuyenera. Dislocation - ndi mtundu maganizo. Zidzachitika mkati kukonza. Pamaso pa kosangalatsa leni onse galasi anatambasula pakati pa kwambiri zotanuka. Koma ndiye boma lafooka. Yambani ndi kusintha mkati gwero lake, imbaenda dislocation a. Zamoyo zina kukameta ubweya kuti ali pampanipani chifukwa cha kuwala magetsi, angathe kukopa ndi amawateteza. Ngati zamoyo zina awa ali yemweyo, amasinthira anaona mu dongosolo la galasi kuti lidakali mu njira imodzi ndi Wopanda mzake. Pa nthawi yofikira analamula izi kuchepetsa imalipidwa.

kusamutsidwa

Crystal akhoza olumala, koma sizichitika monga choncho. Pa nthawi imeneyi, basi mkati kusunthira dislocation. chodabwitsa Ichi chikudziwika ngati Pepala a. Pamene ndondomeko izi zimachitika, galasi ndi olumala ndi mtunda wofanana ndi mphako chachiwiri. Koma mu nkhani iyi palibe mapindikidwe anaona pakati pa maatomu onse, koma pakati pa anthu pa olamulira a. Izi zikutanthauza kuti alowererepo pa zinthu zina si chofunika. Chilichonse chimachitika ndi voteji wotsika, makamaka poyerekeza ndi njira mu timibulu yabwino, ndiwo nkhani kusintha popanda dislocation. N'zotheka amatengera chitsanzo cha nyumba ulusi-ngati.

katundu Common

dislocation zonsezi Wopanda perpendicular pamwamba, imbaenda kukwera wa. chodabwitsa Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pali mayamwidwe maatomu, koma pamene kutentha amachepetsa, kubweza ndi interpenetration. Ngati pali katundu wolemera, maatomu onse ngati kutsutsana ndi kumakwawa udindo analakalaka. Zikatero, kutsetsereka amapezeka. Koma njira ukunenedwa kuchepetsa kupanikizika. Mapindikidwe palokha ndi mwachindunji njila kwa mathamangidwe wa dislocation lapansi. Ambiri, ngati kusinthako kuli kotheka popanda kusuntha, kokha pamene mayamwidwe ndi ikuchitika.

sayenda

Pali zinthu zambiri kulepheretsa ufulu kutsetsereka. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka mankhwala monga mphamvu atomiki, osauka elekitironi madutsidwe, monga zitsulo, elasticity, mogwirizana ndi dislocations zina ndi T. D. M'mawu ena, ang'onoang'ono ndi mavuto awa, liwiro amakhala kuchepetsa. Ndipo mwamsanga pamene kuwonjezeka voteji ndipo ukuwonjezeka kolemba. Ambiri, masamu anatsimikizira kuti dislocation - ndi zilema topological. Iwo anapanga timibulu khola. Ndipo ngati awiri kukameta ubweya nkhope, adzandipha mzake, sadzaonekanso. Single dislocation chomwecho Mwamsanga kupatula pamene chifuniro cha dongosolo mzere. Kenako, ganizirani muzochitika zina za ntchito mfundo imeneyi.

zachitetezo

Koyamba, kuphatikiza zachilendo mawu, ndipo ndi lokongola losavuta kwenikweni. Kutumizidwa kwa asilikali - izo zangokhala bwino zida mphamvu, asilikali, mayunitsi, sitima, zapansi panyanja. Iwo angayambe onse m'dziko limene iwo ali, komanso kupitirira malire ake. Malo analamula - ndi m'dera analamula la asilikali kupita kunkhondo yofunika. Team zikuchokera Choncho limamveketsa kumene munthu kutumiza, kumene kusuntha kwa kukhazikitsa ntchito ya usilikali. kusintha kulikonse mu Kusinthaku zimafuna chilolezo kwambiri. makampani okha, battalions ndi mabatire ikhoza kusunthidwa regiments adzakhala asilikali imene ili ndi Division Mutu akhoza kutaya battalion, koma kuchoka m'deralo mwachindunji ndikoletsedwa. Pali makadi wapadera dislocation. Zikuphatikizapo makonzedwe kuika zizindikiro mphamvu.

zombo

Koma mapu kuti akusonyeza analamula ziwiya kunyamula ntchito zambiri. M'mawu ena, simungathe ntchito kudziwa njira yolondola panyanja apanyanja. Map njira yapadera chizindikiritso ntchito. Pa asayansi zimasonyeza kumene ndi kumene kayendedwe ka sitima amapezeka.

Phunzitsani / sitima

Pa m'dera la Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, ndi Baltic States ndi mayiko CIS ikuchitika analamula zonse ngolo. Ndipo kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku kutulutsa mfundo zokhudza kaikidwe ka nyimbo. njira izi zimachitika pomwepo uchitike. Kukhazikitsa kutsatira gululi ndi kugawa akhoza kukhala pamanja. Palinso njira yokha. Iwo amati options yeniyeni. Mmodzi wa iwo akutchedwa "Tapempha kwa siteshoni."

Chiwembu cha dislocation zizindikiro msewu

Onse a dongosolo lino Kusinthaku pazikhalanso zifukwa zingapo. Motero, kukhalapo kuvomerezedwa misewu imatengedwa dongosolo galimoto, chintchito zokhotakhota ndi otsetsereka kotenga. Komanso, payenera kukhala kulemba misewu, kamangidwe a m'nkhaniyi ndi zofooka, navigation ndi chizindikiro malo magalimoto, kuwoloka (onse m'dziko ndi pansi). Amafuna kulemba nyali, mabasi ndi magalimoto. Pali ntchito zambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa khalidwe la zizindikiro msewu pa malo makamaka malo awo. Iwo amafanana mapu kapena panyanja.

Nthawi zina

Mu chikhalidwe, pali ngakhale dislocation ubongo. zodabwitsazi kumachitika pamene osamukira wachibale wina kwa kapangidwe ena. Zimenezi zimabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka kusokoneza aziyenda ndi T. D. Popeza ubongo si kwathunthu mudzaze Chigaza, amene atadziŵa zinthu zina, akhoza zawo, potero deform. Kenako, pakalibe chithandizo yake ya thupi imaleka kugwira ntchito bwino.

Pomaliza

Choncho, dislocation - lingaliro m'zigawozigawo. Izo ntchito m'madera ambiri. Izi akhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito timibulu, kuti magalimoto, kwa zida za nkhondo ndipo ngakhale ubongo. M'munda wina amapeza panthawi zina kutanthauza mtengo yopapatiza kwambiri malinga ndi dera ankaona.