Chikoka cheza mu atomu pa anthu. Magwero a katundu mu atomu cheza

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa chitukuko cha luso thupi la munthu wadwala kofunikira kwambiri kukhudzana ndi cheza mu atomu (EMR), omwe sakanakhoza koma chifukwa zolemekezeka padziko lonse.

Kodi zotsatira cheza mu atomu pa zamoyo? Zotsatira yawo imadalira pa gulu umene cheza - ionizing kapena ayi - iwo zokhudzana. Yoyamba ali mkulu kuthekera mphamvu, amene umagwira ntchito pa maatomu mu maselo ndi kumabweretsa kusintha zili kwawo ku tchire. Iwo akhoza chakupha, monga izo zimayambitsa matenda monga khansa. Ndi cheza sanali ionizing monga cheza mu atomu mu mawonekedwe a mphepo cheza mayikirowevu ndi kusinthasintha magetsi. Ngakhale kapangidwe ka atomu izo sangakhoze kusintha, koma mmene iye angakhale ndi zotsatira sizingasinthe.

Kuopsa wosaoneka

Mabuku mu mabuku ambiri a sayansi ndatambasula funso zotsatira chokhwima kwa anthu ndi kwa anthu onse, si ionizing EMF cheza wochokera mphamvu, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi mafoni kunyumba, kuntchito, sukulu ndi chikhalidwe. Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ambiri pokhazikitsa mfundo umboni wasayansi zoipa ndi mipata mu elucidating ndi njira yeniyeni ya ntchito zake, kusanthula AIDS wa zambiri likunena za zotsatira kwambiri angathe zoopsa opangidwa ndi cheza sanali ionizing. Chitetezo cha kutentha mu atomu wayamba zofunika kwambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti maphunziro zachipatala silitchula pa boma la chilengedwe, madokotala ena osati amadziwa za matenda zotheka kuti imakhudzana ndi EMR, ndipo monga Motero, mawonetseredwe cheza sanali ionizing akhoza matenda molakwa ndi pansi chithandizo operewera.

Ndipo ngati mwina kuwonongeka kwa zimakhala ndi maselo kugwirizana ndi kukhudzana ndi X-ray, mosakayika, zotsatira cheza mu atomu pa zamoyo Akabwera kuchokera mizere mphamvu, matelefoni a m'manja, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi ena makina yekha nditangoyamba kukopa tcheru monga kuopseza kuthekera thanzi.

mu atomu sipekitiramu

cheza Non-ionizing akunena za mtundu wa mphamvu umene umachokera kapena chimachokera akutali kumene udachokera. ginito wamagetsi poizoniyu mphamvu alipo m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndi katundu osiyana thupi. Iwo angathe kuyeza ndipo anasonyeza mwa mawu pafupipafupi kapena timaganiza. Ena mafunde ndi pafupipafupi kwambiri, ena - pakati ndi wachitatu - otsika. ginito wamagetsi poizoniyu osiyanasiyana zikuphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu akubwera kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. dzina lawo ntchito gulu la mitundu cheza mu atomu.

The yochepa kutalika kwa cheza mu atomu lolingana pafupipafupi yapamwamba khalidwe la cheza Popanga madzi a gamma, X-ray ndi cheza ultraviolet. More otsika pafupipafupi sipekitiramu monga microwaves ndi mphepo. Kuwala umuna wa gawo pakati pa sipekitiramu cheza atomu, amatipatsa masomphenya zachilendo ndipo kuwunika kuli kuti timazindikira. mphamvu infuraredi ndi udindo amaonera munthu ofunda.

Zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri mphamvu, monga X-ray, kuwala ndi mphepo osaoneka ndi imperceptible anthu. Chifukwa chotulukira awo a mu atomu cheza muyeso chofunika ndi ntchito zipangizo zapadera, ndi chifukwa anthu nkhabe kuunikira mmene minda mphamvu ranges izi.

Ngakhale kupanda nzeru, zotsatira za mkulu-pafupipafupi mphamvu, kuphatikizapo x-ray, wotchedwa ionizing zikanavulaza kwa maselo a anthu. Ndi kusintha kapangidwe atomiki nyumba selo, ndi kuswa zomangira mankhwala ndi kulimbikitsa mapangidwe ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira free, zotsatira okwanira cheza ionizing ingawononge malamulo opanga khalidwe DNA kapena kumenyana kusintha, potero kukula chiopsezo neoplasms zilonda kapena selo imfa.

anthropogenic EMR

Chikoka cheza mu atomu pa thupi, makamaka sanali ionizing wotchedwa mawonekedwe mphamvu ya mafurikwense m'munsi, asayansi ambiri saganizira. Iye akhapidziwa kuti umabala ziribe mphamvu chowawa pansi milingo yachibadwa kukhudzana. Koma posachedwapa, pali umboni wosonyeza kuti akusonyeza kuti ena mwa pafupipafupi sanali ionizing cheza ikhoza kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwenso. Ambiri mwa maphunziro a zotsatira thanzi nkhawa zitatu izi mitundu ikuluikulu ya EMR anthropogenic:

• m'munsi mapiri a cheza mu atomu zifukwa mphamvu, magetsi ndi zipangizo zamagetsi;
• microwaves ndi mphepo ya zipangizo opanda zingwe kulankhulana monga mafoni ma, nsanja selo, tinyanga, kanema ndi wailesi nsanja;
• kuipitsidwa magetsi chifukwa ntchito mitundu ina ya zida (mwachitsanzo, plasma matelevizioni, ena mphamvu yopulumutsa zipangizo, Motors, variable liwiro, ndi zina zotero. d.) yopangira zizindikiro, pafupipafupi wa cheza mu atomu umene uli mwa uthunthu 3-150 kHz (anagawira ndi reradiated Kulumikizana).

Mafunde mu nthaka, limatchedwa zosokera, mawaya satanthauza. Current umayenda pamene tikuyenda pa njira ya kukana osachepera ndipo mukhoza kudutsa njira aliwonse, kuphatikizapo pansi, waya ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Motero, voteji amadziwikanso kudzera nthaka ndi nyumba zomangidwa kupyolera mu mipope zachitsulo madzi kapena sewerage, umene cheza sanali ionizing akulowa malo ozungulira.

EMR ndi thanzi

Ngakhale maphunziro kusanthula mavuto cheza atomu, nthawi zina anapereka zotulukapo zotsutsana, matenda a kukanika ubereki, ndi kutengera za khansa, zikuoneka kuti atsimikizire kukayikirana kwambiri moti EMF kukhudzana akhoza kusokoneza kuti thanzi la munthu. Kulanga mimba zakambidwa, kuphatikizapo padera padera, yobereka isanakwane, kusintha kugonana chiŵerengero, ndi anomalies kobadwa nako - zinali chifukwa chikoka cheza mu atomu mayi.

Mu phunziro lalikulu oyembekezera, lofalitsidwa mu "Epidemiology" magazini Mwachitsanzo, lipoti amadza pachimake cha EMR pa amayi apakati 1063 m'dera San Francisco. nkhani uvale zoyesera maginito, ndi asayansi atulukira kuwonjezeka kwambiri imfa yoopsa ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo wa kukhudzana pazipita kuti EMF.

EMR ndi khansa

zinadziwika akhala ankafufuza kuti kwambiri kukhudzana mafurikwense ena cheza mu atomu kungakhale carcinogenic. Mwachitsanzo, "mayiko Journal of Cancer," posachedwapa linatulutsa yophunzira pa "nkhani kudziletsa" pa ubale khansa ubwana ndi mphamvu ya maginito mu Japan. Iganizireni mlingo wa poizoni mu atomu mu zipinda zogona ndi asayansi anatsimikizira kuti kofunikira kwambiri kukhudzana zingawachititse kuti atenge kachirombo kwambiri wamkulu wa khansa matenda mwana.

Zotsatira thupi ndiponso maganizo

Anthu ndi hypersensitivity mu atomu zambiri akuvutika ndi njala, kumene kungakhudze mbali ina ya thupi, kuphatikizapo dongosolo chapakati mantha, minofu ndi mafupa, m'mimba, ndi kachitidwe endocrine. zizindikiro zambiri kungayambitse kuvutika maganizo okhazikika maganizo ndi mantha kugwa pansi kanthu cheza mu atomu. odwala ambiri amakhala sangathenso ndi maganizo chabe kuti wosaoneka opanda zingwe chizindikiro pa nthawi iliyonse ndipo kulikonse zingachititse zomverera chopweteka mu thupi lawo. The mwamantha ndi nkhawa za matenda bwanji umoyo mpaka chitukuko cha phobias ndi kuopa magetsi, zomwe ena angaitchule kuti kufuna kusiya chitukuko.

mafoni ndi kutumiza mauthenga

mafoni zimafalitsa ndi kulandira chizindikiro kudzera EMF kuti anafa chosakanikirana ndi ogwiritsa awo. Monga zinthu zimenezi cheza mu atomu zambiri ili umakhala pafupi mutu, mbali kwachititsa nkhawa za zotheka chokhwima zotsatira za ntchito zawo pa thanzi la munthu.

Vuto lina extrapolating zotsatira za ntchito zawo maphunziro experimental ku makoswe ndi pafupipafupi mayamwidwe pazipita RF mphamvu zimadalira kukula thupi, mawonekedwe ake, lathu ndi udindo.

Kumveka bwino mayamwidwe ku makoswe ndi mu mayikirowevu zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito foni mafurikwense ntchito mu zatsopano (0.5 kuti 3 GHz), koma pamlingo wa thupi, kumachitika pa 100 MHz. Chinthu izi zikhoza n'komwe pamene kuwerengetsa mlingo odzipereka, koma akupereka vuto maphunziro anthu amene kudziwa mlingo kukhudzana ntchito kokha mphamvu ya m'munda kunja.

Wachibale malowedwe kuya nyama zasayansi poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mutu anthu akuluakulu, ndiponso magawo minofu ndi limagwirira kutentha kusokonekera amasiyana. Mungapezenso angathe inaccuracy mu mlingo wa kukhudzana ndi kukhudzana ndi cheza wailesi pafupipafupi pa foni.

Ntchito ya cheza mkulu pa anthu ndi chilengedwe

Mphamvu mizere ndi voteji pamwamba 100 kV - magwero amphamvu kwambiri cheza mu atomu. Phunziro la zotsatira cheza pa ndodo luso anayamba ndi chiyambi cha yomanga choyamba 220 kV kufala mzere, pamene panali milandu kuwonongeka wa thanzi la antchito. Kutumidwa 400 kV mphamvu mizere zinachititsa kuti buku la ntchito ambiri m'dera limeneli kuti adzakhala maziko kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo koyamba kuti kuchepetsa kanthu za kuthengo 50 Hz magetsi.

Mphamvu mizere ndi voteji a 500 kV zimakhudza malo mu mawonekedwe a:

• magetsi kumunda pafupipafupi 50 Hz;
• cheza kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga kumaliseche ;
• mphamvu pafupipafupi maginito minda.

EMFs ndi mantha dongosolo

Zolengedwa zoyamwitsa ubongo chotchinga tichipeza maselo za indofeliyamu, amagwirizana ndi kutseka mabacteria ndi ozungulira pericytes ndi extracellular masanjidwewo. Amathandiza kukhala m'khola kwambiri extracellular chilengedwe zofunika kukopedwa molondola synaptic ndi kuteteza minofu mitsempha zisaonongeke. Kuwonjezeka permeability ake otsika kwa mamolekyulu hydrophilic ndi mlandu zingakhale zovulaza thanzi.

Yozungulira kutentha kupyoza Malire thermoregulation nyama, kumaonjezera permeability wa magazi-ubongo chotchinga kwa macromolecules lapansi. Okhudza mitsempha albumin kutengedwa mu madera osiyana a ubongo zimadalira kutentha kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake ndi chimene chili 1 ° C ndi pamwamba. Popeza mokwanira amphamvu minda RF zikhoza Kutentha kwa zimakhala ndi, m'pomveka kuganiza kuti zotsatira cheza mu atomu pa zotsatira anthu kuchuluka permeability wa magazi-ubongo chotchinga.

EMF ndi tulo

Uthunthu chapamwamba cheza mu atomu ali ndi mphamvu pa tulo. Nkhani imeneyi kukhala mwamsanga zifukwa zingapo. Zizindikiro zina monga madandaulo tulo chisokonezo otchulidwa malipoti anecdotal la anthu amene amakhulupirira kuti amachitiridwa EMR. Izi zapangitsa kuti nkhambakamwa kuti minda mu atomu ungatilepheretse njira yachibadwa ya kugona ndi zotsatira thanzi. Chiopsezo angathe matenda kugona tiyenela kuiganizila Popeza kuti ndi zovuta kwachilengedwenso ndondomeko, Kutsogoleredwa ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo. Ngakhale enieni njira neurobiological ndiribe zakhazikitsidwa, zonse kusinthana kwa madera a maso ndi zina chofunikira kuonetsetsa ntchito olondola a ubongo, kagayidwe kachakudya homeostasis ndi chitetezo.

Komanso kugona zikuoneka kuti motsatira dongosolo thupi, zomwe zingathandize kuphunzira kuti mudziwe zotsatira cheza mu atomu pa pafupipafupi anthu ambiri, monga mwa chikhalidwe ichi zamoyo thupi ndi yovuta kwambiri zimene zikuchitika kunja. Pali umboni kuti EMF ofooka, mphamvu ya amene ali m'munsi kwambiri kuposa nthawi imene kuwuka kutentha kumachitika, angathe kuyambitsa zotsatira kwachilengedwenso.

Pakali pano, maphunziro zotsatira za mkulu-pafupipafupi sanali ionizing EMR bwino lolunjika pa chiopsezo cha khansa, chifukwa nkhawa za katundu carcinogenic wa ionizing cheza.

zochitika zoipa

Choncho, chikoka cheza mu atomu pa anthu, ngakhale sanali ionizing, limapezeka, makamaka pa nkhani ya mizere mkulu voteji mphamvu ndi zotsatira kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga. zochita mayikirowevu poizoniyu pa mantha, mtima, chitetezo ndi ubereki kachitidwe, kuphatikizapo kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa wamanjenje dongosolo, bongo anachita ake, akugwirira, magazi-ubongo chotchinga, kuchititsa siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo la kaimbidwe circadian (Rute - tulo) ndi kuwasokoneza mu England pineal ndi kulenga mahomoni vutoli, kusintha kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, akuchuluka asanazolowere tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchititsa kufooka, kutopa, mavuto kukula, kuwonongeka DNA ndi khansa.

Ndi bwino kumanga nyumba kuchoka EMI nkhanizo ndi ku cheza mu atomu ya mkulu-voteji kufala mzere chitetezo ayenera kuvomerezedwa. M'mizinda, ndi zingwe ayenera kuikidwa mobisa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida kuti n'chongoletsa cheza mu atomu.

Yachokera pa zotsatira za kuwunika malumikizanidwe zochokera deta komanso mapeto anapangidwa kuti kuchepetsa chikoka cheza mu atomu pa anthu mzere mphamvu kufala ngati n'kotheka, kuchepetsa mtunda sag mawaya kuti atsogolere ndi kuwonjezeka mtunda pakati pa mzere conductive ndi mfundo chingwe. Komanso, mtunda chimenechi anakhudzidwa ndi mtunda pansi mizere mphamvu.

kusamala

Magetsi ndi mbali yofunika ya moyo wamakono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti EMR nthawi zonse adzakhala pafupi nafe. Ndipo kuti EMI kunapangitsa miyoyo yathu mosavuta, osati yaifupi, muyenera kutsatira ena kusamalitsa:

• Musalole ana kusewera pafupi mizere mphamvu, tiransifoma, transmitters Kanema ndi magwero mayikirowevu poizoniyu.
• Pewani malo osalimba a kamwazi maginito amkulira 1 mg. M'pofunika kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zipangizo EMF kutali ndi akuthamanga.
• M'pofunika agwire permutation mu ofesi kapena pakhomo kuti akumane ndi zochita za m'munda wa zipangizo zamagetsi ndi makompyuta.
• Inu simungakhoze kukhala pafupi kwambiri kompyuta. Oyang'anira zimasiyana kwambiri mu mphamvu ya EMR awo. Musagwiritse ntchito mu mayikirowevu lapansi.
• Sunthani zipangizo zamagetsi kwa meters osachepera 2 pa bedi. Tisalole pamaso pa Kulumikizana pansi pa bedi. Dismantle dimmers ndi masiwichi 3-udindo.
• CHENJEZO ayenera kumwedwa ntchito zipangizo opanda zingwe monga toothbrushes magetsi, malezala.
• Komanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala zodzikongoletsera zochepa ngati n'kotheka ndi kuwachotsa pa usiku.
• Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti EMR umadutsa makoma, ndi kuganizira zinthu mu chipinda lotsatira kapena makoma chipinda.