Agglutination magazi - izo ... magulu Magazi ndi agglutination

Agglutination magazi - ndi kulumikiza ndi mafunsidwe a matope mu mawonekedwe a maselo ofiira, mabakiteriya ndi maselo ena kuti anyamule antigens.

ndondomeko udzachitika mchikakamizo cha agglutinins, amene zinthu zenizeni. Udindo wa zinthu zimenezi zinthu lectins kapena chitetezo.

Mitundu mwina agglutination kudziwa magulu magazi

Agglutination lachindunji ndi nonspecific. Mbali yoyamba, zimene chikuchitika ndi nawo zigawo zitatu:

• antigens;
• chitetezo;
• electrolytes (isotonic njira ntchito).

Pali mitundu n'kotheka wa agglutination kudziwa magulu magazi, koma si choncho yekha.

Chifukwa chaichi kodi ntchito?

Magazi agglutination anachita ntchito kuzindikira wothandizila opatsirana. Pa nthawi yomweyo izo zikukhazikitsa, ndipo n'zosavuta kupeza mu matope a. Zimenezi ntchito, monga tatchulazi, ndi mtima wa magulu magazi. Izi ndi zimene timaphunzira zina.

ndi mbali iti?

maselo ofiira muli antigens A ndi mtundu B. chitetezo Izi kumumanga kuti α ndi β motero. magulu magazi ndi agglutination anachita:

• 1, 0 (ά, β) - Kulibe antigens padziko erythrocytes;
• 2, A (β) - panopa Antigen ndi oteteza β A;
• 3, (ά) - lili ndi Antigen ndi oteteza ku ά;
• 4, AB (00) - pali antigens awiri, chitetezo ndi kwina.

Dziwani kuti antigens kale anati mu Ndisanaumbidwe lapansi. Pankhani oteteza, iwo amaoneka atabadwa, mwezi woyamba wa moyo.

gulu magazi zimadalira ngakhale anthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukana wa mwana wosabadwayo mayi thupi. M'mawu ena, muli chitetezo kwa antigens mwazi wa mwana. Pankhaniyi pali zosagwirizana. Komanso, magazi ayenera kuganizira.

maphunziro

magulu magazi ndi agglutination anachita - mfundo n'zogwirizana, omwe kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala.

Pamaso mayeso, m'pofunika kutsatira malangizo ena. Ndi nthawi kuthetsa ntchito zakudya ndi mankhwala. Izi kungathandize zotsatira zolondola. Ayamikira, amene ayenera kutsatira anaika dokotala. chakuti Laboratories osiyana si ranges womwewo wa mfundo analandira, ndiye, iwo ali osiyana pang'ono.

Zinthu mayeso

Gulu magazi anatsimikiza molondola, n'kofunika kusankha zipangizo bwino. Njirazi ndi monga:

• saline ndi pipette;
• galasi ndodo;
• izogemagglyutiniruyuschie muyezo seramu;
• youma dothi mbale, amene anawagawa m'magulu 4.

Pali amafuna kuti zinthu mayeso:

• masana;
• ndi firiji ndi pamwamba 16 C;
• ntchito mabuku a magazi ndi seramu mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10;
• Zotsatira odalirika analandira mwa mphindi 5.

Zapamwambazo zikusonyeza mfundo yaikulu ndi zida. magazi agglutination akhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo aliyense wa iwo kuika patsogolo mfundo zenizeni.

njira

njira zotheka kudziwa gulu magazi kudzera agglutination:

• muyezo njira;
• Cross anachita;
• Colyclons ntchito;
• njira mofulumira ntchito ya "Eritrotest-gruppokart".

muyezo njira

Agglutination magazi amenewa anayamba ntchito maselo a magazi wodwalayo. muyezo Sera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amakhudza antigens kudziwika.

Pa mbale lathyathyathya anaika pa 1 dontho anayi Sera. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo galasi chinafalikira magazi wodwalayo kuyezedwa. Pankhaniyi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito diso dropper. Iwo ayenera kutsatira chiŵerengero 1:10. Seramu ndi magazi osokonezeka pang'ono pang'ono. Pasanathe mphindi zisanu inu mukhoza imawunikidwa.

Decoding mayeso zotsatira njira yosavuta

Patapita nthawi mwachindunji ku seramu akutsikira ananena choonadi. Ena Tingaone kuti agglutination maselo a magazi kwachitika (chabwino flakes), ena si.

Pali mungachite zotsatirazi:

• palibe anachita mu zitsanzo zonse seramu - 1 gulu;
• clotting zinachitika kulikonse kupatulapo zitsanzo 2 - 2 gulu;
• Only analephera kuwayankha mu chitsanzo 3 - 3 gulu;
• agglutination zinachitika kulikonse - Gulu 4.

Choncho, chinthu chachikulu - ufulu kugawa seramu. Ndiye decrypt sikuti vuto. Ngati magazi agglutination ndi ofooka, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisanthule kachiwiri. Pankhani ya flakes yaing'ono iwo anabweretsa pansi maso a.

mtanda anachita

Nthawi zina Chophweka njira n'zosatheka gulu enieni magazi. Agglutination ndiye ikuchitika ntchito njira mtanda reactivity. Mosiyana ndi mayeso a chimake choyamba, kufunika pano ali erythrocytes muyezo. magazi wodwala ankayimira mu mayeso chubu, centrifuged, ndiyeno pipette amawapopa seramu maphunziro zina.

Iye ali mu kuchuluka kwa madontho 2 anaikidwa pa mbale, ndiye anati muyezo magulu ofiira A ndi B. Zomwe uli wosakanizika ndi akugwedeza chotengeracho.

Zotsatira za njira mtanda anachita

mphindi zisanu kenako, zitsanzo ndi wokonzeka kufufuza. Njira zina:

• kogwirizana zinachitika mu madontho awiri - Gulu 1;
• flakes ndi mwaonapo chilichonse cha zitsanzo - 4 gulu;
• ndondomeko zimaonekera pa chitsanzo chomwecho - Gulu 2 kapena 3 (malinga enieni litapotanitsidwa magazi).

Njira ntchito Colyclons

Kudziwa gulu magazi ngati agglutination njira ikuchitika ntchito kupanga mmalo Sera. Iwo amatchedwa Colyclons. Iwo ali mmalo yokumba ά ndi β-agglyutinov kudziwika monga eritrotesty (pinki ndi buluu, motero). Zimene kumachitika pakati pa magazi ndi maselo ofiira a magazi wodwalayo.

Njira imeneyi ndi yolondola kwambiri ndi odalirika. Kwenikweni, izo sikutanthauza kukonzanso kafukufuku. Kufufuza zotsatira ikuchitika m'njira zofanana pa nkhani ya njira ochiritsira. Mbali ndiye kuti chachinayi magazi gulu ayenera litatsimikizika mmene anachitira ndi yeniyeni kupanga wogwirizira (wotsutsa-AB). Komanso, pali mwaonapo guluu wolimba kuwonjezera sodium kolorayidi njira.

Rapid njira ndi ya "Eritrotest-gruppokart"

Poganizira njira zotheka kwa kusanthula mu mtima wa gulu magazi Dziwani kuti njira imeneyi imakhala ndi mbali yake. Anaganiza kuti zotsatira akhoza imawunikidwa osati zasayansi komanso kumunda. Phunziro la ntchito zida wapadera. Pamafunikanso khadi ndi tizibowo pansi pa amene alipo kale zouma reagents. Kuwonjezera odana AB, odana A ndi wotsutsa-B, odana ntchito-D, kulola kudziwa RH china.

Njira sikutanthauza maphunziro apadera, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito magazi amene anatengedwa kuchokera chala angakhale kuti uli ndi mchere; kutetezera. Choyamba, muyenera kuti aliyense bwino a dontho la madzi kupasuka zosakaniza. Pambuyo pake, kuwonjezera magazi, mokoma analimbikitsa. Mphindi itatu, chifukwa adzakhala analandira.

agglutination zabodza

Nthawi zina deta analandira pambuyo mayeso, musati zizigwirizana zenizeni. zodabwitsazi kumatengera zifukwa zina.

Pali mitundu itatu ya zochita zonama:

1. Psevdoagglyutinatsiya. kogwirizana woona zimachokeradi, maselo ofiira Kungoti ananenanso mu mawonekedwe a rouleaux. Ngati inu kuwonjezera, iwo kuswa angapo madontho saline. chodabwitsa otere anazindikira pansi maso a.

2. Cold magazi agglutination. Zimenezi zimawonedwa kukachitika kuti zinthu kuphunzira zinali zovuta. Pamene kutentha m'munsimu 16? C, kulumikiza akhoza wasonyeza.

3. Panagglyutinatsiya. Pamaso pa matenda mu zotsatira magazi kungonyenga. zodabwitsazi n'zothekanso pa nkhani ya khansa, mu sepsis.

Agglutination n'kofunika kwambiri mankhwala. Timatha osati kudziwa gulu magazi, komanso kudziwa wothandizila causative matenda, komanso pamaso pa matenda. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kumamatira kwa malangizo adokotala pokonzekera ndondomeko. Koma ndodo zachipatala, ntchito yake ndi kulenga zinthu yabwino ndi kugwilizana ndi malamulo onse. Mwa njira iyi tingathe iyende yeniyeni imene magazi agglutination.