Chimango nyumba ndi manja ake: sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo. yomanga luso

Nyumba m'dziko lathu pachikhalidwe kumanga chipika kanyumba kapena nyumba mwala. Komabe, pali zina zimene mungachite kuti otsika-nyamuka zomangamanga, kumene kungakhale bwino. Mwachitsanzo, anayamba njira kumanga chimango nyumba ndi manja ake. Sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo zikuphatikizapo masiteji 4 chachikulu:

• kuthira maziko;
• unsembe chimango;
• walling ndi kutchinjiriza;
• pomanga denga.

nyumba izi zimamangidwa mwachangu komanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera zochotsa. Matabwa chimango nyumba zotsika mtengo mtengo pabwalo pa nyengo imodzi, iwo analandira osachepera ofunda ndi omasuka kuposa likulu la chipika kapena mwala.

Kusankha malo m'nyumba

The ntchito nkhuni zikutanthauza kuti nthaka pansi nyumbayo mulibe chinyezi kwambiri. Malo ayenera kukhala wouma kwambiri ndi kutsukidwa bwino achinyezi sikunapange oipa mofulumira.

Zojambula chimango nyumba zikhazikitsidwe Ziwerengero ndipo womangidwa kwa zomangamanga. Titsimikizidwa ku intaneti kumvetsa kokha kwa akatswiri, ndi wina chidziwitso ongolankhula ndi luso othandiza. maziko ayenera anamangidwira malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha dothi ndipo nyumba - pa maziko a katundu opaleshoni.

Kufunika kwa ntchito kunyumba

mapulogalamu ayenera ntchito kunyumba, analengedwa ndi akatswiri. Komanso anagwirizana ndi ambiri za mabungwe amene amathandiza kuti kusintha zawo ndi zina.

Mu gawo loyamba la sewero angathe kuchitidwa kunyumba wekha, koma chimene chimatsatira izo kupeza ntchito yabwino. Pakuti zojambula pomanga amachita kusowa nyumba chimango, zochokera kuwerengetsera zofunika. Kwa polojekiti kulipira. Mtengo muyeso, koma mungathe kulamula kwanu, chomwe chidzachitike mu nkhani zofunika za mapulogalamu a. Komanso anaika luso zomangamanga, amene ayenera mosamalitsa Pamilunguyo. Izi imakhudzanso chilengedwe cha machitidwe zomangamanga.

dongosolo Engineering kunyumba

ntchito ayenera kutchulidwa Intaneti onse, pamene anaimika chimango nyumba ndi manja ake. Sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo kumaphatikizapo atagona la mauthenga pa magawo ena a zomangamanga, kuyambira ndi maziko. Pamene anathira yomweyo mabowo sayansi. Kubowola ina mu konkire adzakhala ovuta kwambiri.

Dongosolo magetsi zikuphatikizapo switchboard Kulumikizana zokhazikapo ndi grounding. Zokhazikapo ili pa mtunda mkati 4 mamita Chrixitu. Iwo ali chivundikiro zodzitetezera ngati pali madzi.

Kulondola kwa kuika madzi ndi zimbudzi machitidwe zimadalira chomasuka ntchito kumwa ndi madzi otentha, komanso linanena bungwe ndi processing zinyalala.

Dongosolo mpweya zizindikiro ritsa ndi mipata.

Pomanga maziko

Fundam anasankha columnar, melkozaglublenny lamba kapena midadada konkire. Kuonjezera mphamvu zolimba ndi ntchito monolithic yamachubu. Prefab nyumba matabwa zimamangidwa ndi maziko yaing'ono, anaikira katundu wochepa. Pamafunika pang'ono zakuthupi. Chifukwa mtengo wopulumutsa chimango nyumba awo amasandulika m'munsi. Kwa iye, digs ngalande kapena dzenje mokhomerera ndipo kenako anapanga khushoni mchenga. Pamaso concreting akonzedwa rebar ndi formwork. Lembani Mzere maziko kuyenera kupanga rammer mokwanira. Pakuti ogwiritsa nyumba chimango auzidwa madzi akhazikika mu increments pafupifupi 2 m studs ofukula 500 mm yaitali. Ndege grillage kukhazikika matope.

Unsembe wa sill kunyumba

Patapita mlungu umodzi, pambuyo kuthira maziko konkire yaikidwa pa pansi mbale lonse - matabwa chipika gawo la osachepera 150x150 mm. Wake chisanadze impregnated ndi antiseptic, ndi pansi anapanga zigawo ziwiri za kumatira zakuthupi denga. Mtengo wokwera pa akapichi maziko olimba kapena zikhomo, imene mabowo ali mokhomerera chozama kupitirira 100 mm. M'litali ndi pa mphambano za pawiri ndi mu theka-mtengo ndi misomali krepjat.

matabwa ayenera kukhala ndi zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo ndi olumikizidwa pamodzi ndi m'munsi. Kenako kudula grooves ndipo anaikapo zipika kugonana bolodi 50h150 mm. gawo lawo chapamwamba ayenera anaika mu ndege yopingasa, ndi pansi mipiringidzo ndi kukhomedwa limene kupsa subfloor. Kuti izo ananamizira ndi stapler, nthunzi, ndiyeno kudzazidwa mu danga pakati pa joists chotenthetsera (mchere nkhosa kapena thovu). Top pansi unapangidwa konsekonse bolodi 40h150 mm.

chimango msonkhano

chimango ndi maziko amene wagwirizira dongosolo lonse la nyumbayo. Ndi zoongoka ofukula zolumikizana strapping yopingasa ndi akapichi. Pamene anaimika chimango nyumba ndi manja ake, sitepe ndi sitepe kalozera amapereka ndondomeko okhwima ogwiritsa. Mabukuwa mwina chitsulo kapena mbiri nkhuni. Ntchito zitsulo amafuna zida kuwotcherera ndi luso kugwira naye ntchito. Pakuti chimango matabwa matabwa olimba ntchito Mwachitsanzo, thundu kapena larch. Poyimitsa kupanga kukula kwa kutalika kwa chipindacho. N'zokhudza pansi mbale njira "lilime ndi poyambira". Yokonza zichitike molondola, popanda mipata.

Sankhani kukula ndi mtunda pakati pa nsanamira akhale, choyamba, malingana ndi katundu kuchokera pamwamba. Kwa iwo, kunyamula kukula zakuthupi, amene ntchito cladding lapansi. Poyimitsa ndi mbale pansi olumikiza braces osakhalitsa, amene amapereka owonjezera chinthu chimodzimodzi yomanga.

Pambuyo bala ofukula idzaululidwa, izo zimagwirizana njanji chapamwamba. mfundo zake kugwirizana ndi chimodzimodzi - mothandizidwa ndi mipata zofanana ndi mtengo wotsika. Chikukonzekera kuti pamwamba pa chilichonse pachithandara ndi misomali awiri, recessed ndi osachepera 10 cm. Chimango Pomalizira analimbitsa ndikutchetcha zonse ndi demountable zosakhalitsa.

Yomanga ndi mpanda kutchinjiriza

Kunja kwa nyumba clapboard, clapboard zambali, psevdobrusom. N'kumawotha zokolola polystyrene thovu, thovu pulasitiki, mchere ubweya ndi zina zipangizo. Iwo amatenga kutentha kutetezedwa katundu zipangizo wamba nyumbayi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chimango m'nyumba ndalama zotsika mtengo. Kukhala chaka chonse kutchinjiriza makulidwe ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 cm. Nkhanizi mudzaze danga lonse pakati pa joists, kuti panalibe voids. Popewa kutchinjiriza kusamutsidwa kukonza fasteners wapadera.

Pamene timanga chimango nyumba, m'pofunika kuteteza nyumba matabwa chifukwa cha chinyezi. Pamwamba chotenthetsera yaikidwa pa pachithandara kumatira filimu ndiye modzaza lathing wa slats kwa mpweya wabwino pansi pa khungu lakunja.

Makoma a chimango nyumba mkati mchimake gypsum mbale fibrous kapena OSB.

unsembe wa denga

Denga apuma pa matabwa denga, wokwera pa kapamwamba strapping, mmene grooves ndi kudula kwa iwo. Yolusa nawonso anachita kudzera mwa m'mabokosi zitsulo. Kamangidwe kuchita zapatsogolo pansi. The matabwa ali anaikapo mu mipata ndi wotetezedwa kwa misomali kokha. M'madera a partitions mkati anaika titatenga mipiringidzo akuthandiza. Iwo olumikiza kumanga wamba ndi mbale pamwamba ndi pansi. The malo zoongoka ankhomera mapanelo matabwa a matabwa pakati.

The kutchinjiriza wagawo denga

Pamwamba pa denga gulu thabwa nthunzi chotchinga zakuthupi. Mbali wake alipo ya mtengo ndi yakusankha zakudya zamtundu kapena n'kupanga. Kutumikira monga nthunzi chotchinga polima nembanemba kapena filimu wapadera.

Chamadzi ndi joists zolimba zoyenera kutchinjiriza: mchere kapena galasi, kukodzedwa dongo, thovu. Iwo atseka pamwamba kusindikiza filimu ndi blanketed kudutsa chishango mtengo anapanga matabwa. Pamene mtunda pakati pa mamilimita oposa 500 zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo perpendicular kwa joists, ndiyeno ndi nthaka.

Kutsegula kwa pakhomo pansi 2 chachitika pogogoda ndi crosspieces awiri pakati pa chithabwa.

erection denga

Denga ali ndi kulemera ndithu, choncho tiyenera kudalira pa khoma la nyumba, amene kale yatha, koma alibe mapeto kukongoletsa. Pamene akumanga chimango nyumba (kapena), yopangira denga n'kofunika kudziwa otsetsereka, chiwerengero cha skates, chuma denga, kukula, chiwerengero ndi phula zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso.

Denga zikuwoneka wokongola, ngati ali ndi mawonekedwe zovuta. Koma kumawonjezera Kuvuta kwa opanga ndi mtengo wa chimango nyumba. Ambiri matabwa denga, amene ali abwino kwa chapamwamba ndipo chapamwamba. Mamangidwe awa ndi yosavuta komanso lili kavalo mmodzi yekha. Kupanda zigwa (ngodya concave) ndi mwayi, chifukwa malo osatetezeka kwambiri ku mlili ndi zovuta popanga.

Denga phula ayenera kusankhidwa pa 28º, kukokera chipale chofewa kwa iye. Ngati ndi kupanga 50º, adzakhala apamwamba kwambiri mphepo katundu. Kukula akadakwanitsira wa otsetsereka a imatengedwa 35-45º, umene uli waukulu kuchokera kapangidwe pamaso: ngati denga ndi mumbali, koma kwambiri osati zokometsera. Ambiri chimango nyumba matabwa ndi attics zimagwiridwa, kulola kuti danga moyo. Pakuti mayiko, pali ayenera kumanga yaing'ono khoma kutalika kwa 1.1-1.6 m. Ndiye, mu malo otsikitsitsa kungakhale anakonza mabedi kapena zolengedwa.

Nyumba chimango ndi kukweza ndi opepuka ndi cholimba zomangamanga, lomwe ndi kumanga yoyenera kulenga chilengedwe omasuka ndi ndalama osachepera nthawi ndi ndalama.

The-gawo mtanda zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso anasankha zochokera kutchinjiriza oyenerera therebetween, kakakulu amene ali ambiri 100-150 mm. Pakuti hedging kutenga gulu kukula kwa 150h50 mm. m'litali ndi 6 m. awiri misomali matabwa amalowetsa pa dzanja limodzi mu mawonekedwe a kalata L. Ndiye, iwo akwezeke denga komanso mbali anakhumba amusankha zochokera cantrail mtengo. Pa overhangs yomweyo ayenera kutsatira khoma pa mtunda wa 30-55 cm. Pambuyo matabwa ogwirizana bawuti ndi kupeza nyemba kudenga. M'madera thandizo anapangidwa V-khosi gawo limodzi kutalika. luso yomanga zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba chimango monga mauerlat pamwamba chimango yamachubu. Amatsatira pa kudenga anapangidwa pa denga lonse kusamukira pakati pawo ndi 70-80 cm.

Rigel si chozama kupitirira pansi woyamba. Musati malo okwera kwambiri, kotero kugwirizana sizigwira ntchito yovuta mokwanira. Mtanda mu lokwera chikugwirizana mu theka-phazi. Choyamba, iwo anayikidwa pa pediments, ndiyeno kutambasula zingwe pakati pa iwo ndi kuika mpumulo wa iwo.

lathing mtundu zimatengera mtundu wa zinthu denga. Iwo thinned kapena olimba. Kwa mtundu uliwonse wa denga batten amamangiriridwa m'dera la lokwera mtengo popanda chilolezo.

denga

Yabwino mfundo denga chimango nyumba ndi matailosi. Ndi kuunika, kusintha, zovuta kukhazikitsa ndi yotchipa. Kuipa monga flammability ndi kusala kutha.

Zitsulo kuvala ndipo zipangizo mosalekeza ndi angagwirizanitse denga zochititsa chidwi view. Iwo zovuta kukhazikitsa, ndi kulemera otsika mtengo wotsika. Ndi kuipa monga phokoso pamene mvula ndi matalala.

Pamene denga ndi wokonzeka, wokwera m'ngalande ndi ngalande dongosolo kupatulako mpweya kutali ndi kwawo.

Pomaliza

Munthu amene kuganiza ndi malawi otetezeka ndi omasuka, tsopano si vuto kumanga chimango nyumba ndi manja ake. Sitepe ndi sitepe malangizo limachititsa kuti ntchito kuchitidwa mwamsanga, efficiently, zamalata ndi wopanda zolakwika.