Chingwe-gawo mtanda mawerengedwe. Tebulo kuwerengetsa chingwe mtanda gawo

Kwa nthawi yaitali ndi odalirika moyo utumiki wa chingwe cha m'pofunika kusankha ndi kuwerengera. Zamagetsi Kulumikizana kwa unsembe makamaka anasankha gawo mtanda, zochokera makamaka zinachitikira. Nthawi zina zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti ndi zolakwika. The mawerengedwe a chingwe mtanda gawo n'kofunika woyamba wa zonse, mwa mawu a chitetezo magetsi. Kungakhale kulakwitsa, ngati waya awiri n'chochepa kapena lalikulu kuposa ankafuna.

chingwe mtanda gawo otsika kwambiri

Pankhaniyi ndi owopsa, kuyambira kutenthedwa wa ochititsa wa mkulu osalimba panopa, pamene kutchinjiriza chimasungunula ndi dera lalifupi amapezeka. Lusoli kuswa moto magetsi zidzachitika, ndi ogwira ntchito angathe kutenga pansi mavuto. Ngati chingwe ndi kukhazikitsa dera baka ichidachi, ndi nthawi zambiri ntchito kuti adzalenga ena nkhawa.

Chigawo mtanda wa chingwe ndi pamwamba kufunika

Apa chinthu chachikulu - amene zachuma. Ikuluikulu mtanda chigawo cha waya, mtengo zambiri. Ngati inu muchite Kulumikizana mu nyumba ndi malire lalikulu, ingathe ndalama zambiri. Nthawi zina m'pofunika kuchita kulowa waukulu zikuluzikulu mtanda gawo, ngati katundu chikuyembekezeka zina kuwonjezera maukonde kunyumba.

Ngati chingwe ndi kukhazikitsa makina yoyenera adzakhala lomwa mzere zotsatirazi pamene aliyense wa iwo sizigwira ntchito ndi dera matazo.

Kodi kuwerengera chingwe mtanda gawo?

Pamaso unsembe, izo m'pofunika kuti aziwerenga wa chingwe mtanda gawo-wa katunduyo. Aliyense wochititsa ali ndi mphamvu, amene sayenera zosakwana pulagi magetsi.

mphamvu mawerengedwe

Chophweka njira kuwerengera katundu okwana pa patsogolo. chingwe-gawo mtanda mawerengedwe katundu yafupika mtima wa mphamvu okwana ogula ndi. Aliyense ali ndi mtengo yake malinga pa thupi kapena pasipoti lapansi. Ndiye, mphamvu okwana kuchulukitsa ndi chinthu 0,75. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zipangizo zonse sangathe anazimitsa pa nthawi imodzi. Pakuti mtima yomaliza ya kukula chofunika pa tebulo ntchito kuwerengetsa chigawo chingwe.

Mawerengedwe a chigawo panopa pachingwecho

A njira yolondola ndi mawerengedwe a katundu panopa. chingwe-gawo mtanda mawerengedwe opangidwa ndi kudziwa m'kupita panopa mu izo. chilinganizo umagwiritsidwa ntchito zopezera osakwatiwa-gawo:

Ine _calc. = P / (U _nom ∙ cosφ),

kumene P - mphamvu katundu, U _N. - pa mains voteji (220 V).

Ngati linanena bungwe okwana katundu yogwira nyumba ndi 10 kW, pafupifupi panopa I _calc. = 10000/220 ≈ 46 A. Pamene mawerengedwe chikachitika pa chingwe mtanda gawo panopa, kudzudzulidwa pa chingwe kuika zinthu (zafotokozeredwa ena matebulo wapadera), komanso ngati zimamuchulukira pamene magetsi pafupifupi m'mwamba ndi 5 A. Chifukwa, ine _calc. = 46 + 5 = 51 A.

Makulidwe anatsimikiza pansi chikwatu moyo. chingwe-gawo mtanda mawerengedwe ntchito spreadsheets zikhale zosavuta kupeza saizi kwa nthawi yaitali chovomerezeka panopa. Chifukwa zingwe zitatu pakati pa nyumba mu mlengalenga, m'pofunika kusankha mtengo ku mbali ya mtanda gawo-akuluakulu muyezo. Ndi 10 mm ^2. Kulondola kwa mawerengedwe kungakhale kudziletsa cheke, ntchito Intaneti Chiwerengero - mawerengedwe a chingwe mtanda gawo, amene angapezeke pa malo ena.

The Kutentha chingwe pamene panopa umayenda

Pamene akuthamanga katundu mu chingwe cha amapanga kutentha:

Q = I ² RN W / masentimita

kumene ine - panopa, R - magetsi resistivity, N - chiwerengero cha mawaya.

Kufotokoza ndizoonekeratu kuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu anamasulidwa yolingana ndi m'bwalo la waya M'dzikoli mumapezeka pano.

Mawerengedwe a chovomerezeka panopa kutentha Kutentha wochititsa

chingwe sangathe kalekale kukhala mkangano, kuyambira kutentha ankakhala moyo wotayirira mu chilengedwe. M'kupita ndi mgwirizano udzakhazikitsidwe ndipo zonse ochititsa kutentha.

Pakuti ndondomeko azilandira boma ubale zotsatirazi akugwirizira:

P = Δt / ΣS = (T _× - T _{kumanyazi ndi m'nyozo)} / (ΣS),

kumene Δt = T _f -t _{kumanyazi ndi m'nyozo} - kusiyana pakati pa kutentha kwa sing'anga ndi mitsempha, ΣS - kutentha kukana.

Chovomerezeka mosalekeza panopa likuyenderera mu chingwe, kuyambira akuti:

Ine _dop = √ ((T _ext - T _{kumanyazi ndi m'nyozo)} / (RnΣS)),

kumene T _ext - chovomerezeka kutentha Kutentha mawaya (zimatengera mtundu wa chingwe ndi unsembe chingwe). Mankhwalawa ndi madigiri 70 kuti akafuna wabwinobwino ndi 80 - mwadzidzidzi.

Zikhalidwe za kutentha madyaidya ndikuledzera athamanga, chingwe

Pamene chingwe yaikidwa pa sing'anga aliyense, kutentha anatsimikiza ndi kapangidwe kake ndi chinyezi. Calculated nthaka resistivity zambiri anatengedwa wofanana 120 ohms ∙ ° C / W (dongo ndi mchenga pa chinyezi wa 12-14%). Kulongosola bwino afunika kudziwa zikuchokera chilengedwe, ndiye n'zotheka kupeza kulimbikira kwa zinthu pa magome. Kuonjezera madutsidwe matenthedwe a ngalande ladzala ndi dongo. Saloledwa ndi zomangamanga zinyalala ake ndi miyala.

Kutentha kutengerapo ku chingwe mwa mpweya ndi otsika. Ndi zina kulimbikitsa pamene anaika mu chingwe njira pamene pali zigawo zina mpweya. Apa, katundu panopa ayenera kuchepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi phindu Calculated. Makhalidwe luso la zingwe ndi mawaya kutsogolera chovomerezeka yochepa dera kutentha kwa 120 ° C kwa PVC kutchinjiriza. nthaka kulimbana ndi 70% ya okwana ndipo zazikulu kuwerengetsera lapansi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, umachuluka kutchinjiriza madutsidwe chifukwa kuyanika ake. Izi tiyenela kuiganizila kuwerengetsera lapansi.

The voteji akuponya pachingwecho

Chifukwa chakuti ochititsa ndi kukana magetsi, Voteji kunja gawo pa Kutentha awo, ndipo izo zifika kwa ogula zosakwana izo zinali pa chiyambi cha mzere. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa waya atayika kuthekera chifukwa imfa kutentha.

chingwe ayenera osati kusankha gawo mtanda, kuonetsetsa ntchito zake, komanso kuganizira patali pa zomwe mphamvu anasamutsidwa. katundu kuwonjezeka amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka panopa kudzera wochititsa lapansi. Pankhaniyi, zomvetsa kuonjezera.

Pa spotlights voteji zochepa ntchito. Ngati pang'ono yafupika, ndi nthawi yomweyo noticeable. Ngati inu kusankha mawaya cholakwika ili patsogolo pa magetsi kuwala mababu kuyang'ana kuzimiririka. voteji ali kwambiri yafupika pa chigawo chilichonse motsatizana, ndipo izi zimaonekera mu kuwala. chingwe mtanda gawo Choncho n'kofunika pamodzi kutalika kwa mawerengedwe a.

The gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chingwe ndi ogula ili pa ena. Losses amaonedwa makamaka kwa katundu.

Mu L malo wochititsa voteji dontho adzakhala:

ΔU = (Miyambo + Qx) L / U _N,

kumene P ndi Q- yogwira ndi zotakasika mphamvu, r Mukhoza ndi × - gawo yogwira ndi reactance L, ndi U _N - mwadzina voteji phindu limene katundu ikugwira ntchito bwinobwino.

Yovomerezeka ΔU ku magetsi kuti zolowetsa waukulu musalumphe ± 5% kuunikira ndi nyumba ndiponso madera mphamvu. Kuyambira athandizira ku imfa katundu sayenera kuposa 4%. Pakuti mizere yaitali ayenera kuganizira kulimbikira inductive wa chingwe, chimene chimadalira pa mtunda pakati ochititsa pafupi.

ogula zamalumikizidwe

Katundu zikhoza chikugwirizana m'njira zosiyanasiyana. The njira zotsatirazi ndi ambiri:

• kumapeto kwa maukonde;
• Ogula amafalitsidwa uniformly pamodzi mzere;
• gawo kutambasuka kwa mzere chikugwirizana ndi katundu uniformly anagawira.

CHITSANZO 1

Chipangizo chamagetsi mphamvu 4 kW. Kutalika chingwe ndi 20 m, ndi resistivity ρ = 0,0175 ∙ ohm ^mm2.

Current anatsimikiza ku mgwirizano wa: I = P / U _nom = 4 ∙ 1000/220 = 18.2 A.

Ndiye amatenga tebulo ya mawerengedwe a chingwe mtanda gawo, ndi kusankha yoyenera kukula. Kwa waya mkuwa zidzakhala S = 1,5 mamilimita ^2.

Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa chigawo chingwe: S = 2ρl / R. Kudzera n'zotheka kudziwa kukana magetsi a chingwe ndi: R = 2 ∙ 0,0175 ∙ 20 / 1.5 = 0.46 ohms.

Malinga ndi odziwika mtengo wa R zingadziŵike ΔU = IR / U ∙ 100% * 100 = 18.2 ∙ 0,46 / 220 ∙ 100 = 3.8%.

The chifukwa cha mawerengedwe ndi zochepa 5%, ndiye imfa adzakhala zovomerezeka. Pankhani zomvetsa waukulu kuonjezera gawo mtanda wa chingwe ndi ntchito moyandikana, mtengo wapamwamba osiyanasiyana muyezo - 2.5 mm ^2.

CHITSANZO 2

Atatu kuyatsa dera ogwirizana mu kufanana ndi mzake pa gawo limodzi la zitatu gawo mzere katundu moyenera, wopangidwa mwa chingwe zinayi waya 70 mamilimita ² 50 mamita m'litali ndi conductive panopa 150 A. Pakuti aliyense kutalika chiwalitsiro mzere wa 20 mamita akudutsa panopa 20 A.

zomvetsa Interfacial pa katundu akuchita amapanga: ΔU = 150 ∙ _magawo 0, 05 ∙ 0,55 = 4,1 V. Tsopano ayenera kudziwa imfa pakati ndale gawo, kuyambira kuunikira ndi chikugwirizana ndi 220 V: ΔU _{f N} = 4 1 / √3 = 2,36 V.

Pa limodzi la zikugwirizana kuyatsa dera voteji dontho kuchuluka kwa: ΔU = 18 ∙ 20 ∙ 0,02 = 7,2 V. The zomvetsa okwana ofunitsitsa ndi Uwerenge U _tot = (2.4 + 7.2) / 230 = 4.2 100 ∙ %. Mtengo masamu ndi pansipa imfa chovomerezeka, amene ali 6%.

Pomaliza

Kuteteza ochititsa ku kutenthedwa pa kuleza akuthamanga katundu ndi matebulo anapanga chingwe-gawo mtanda mawerengedwe chovomerezeka mosalekeza panopa. Komanso, m'pofunika kuwerengera mawaya ndi zingwe kuti dontho voteji mu iwo salinso anali ponseponse. Choncho iwo mwachidule zomvetsa nawonso dera la.