Chipembedzo Wicca ndi mlengi wake. Wicca miyambo

Wicca - ali mmodzi wa chipembedzo watsopano, amene anakhazikitsidwa mu pakati pa XX atumwi ku England. Ndi lathu mwauzimu ndiponso maphunziro achipembedzo lili pa nambala pakati pa otsatira a Wachiwiri-chikunja chitsanzo European Western. Mfundo zimenezi chipembedzo Wicca, kusiyana pakati pa otsatira ake ndi mmene ankachita, ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Origins wa Wicca

Kutchuka kwa chipembedzo wamng'ono uyu wapeza mu 1954, chifukwa mtumwi ake, occultist ndi wamatsenga Gerald Gardner. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye anauza dziko iye anayambitsa mu zinsinsi za anthu akale mamembala chiphunzitso chachikunja mobisa anasunga mu Europe mfiti mpatuko. Mwambo umenewu malinga Gardner, ndi m'banja la zikhulupiriro za Chikristu chisanayambe European lagona pa kulambira mphamvu za chilengedwe, munthu mu chifaniziro cha wamkazi ndi Atate Mulungu. Ku maganizo a mbiri ya zinthu zakale ndi Anthropology zodzinenera amenewa m'malo zokayikitsa, kotero ndi mwalamulo ankaona kuti chipembedzo Wicca anakhazikitsidwa palibe kale kuposa zaka 20 za m'ma XX. Izo zimasonyeza zina zikhulupiriro chachikale chinkawavuta matriarchal, koma mwa uthunthu wake M'malomwake, pofuna kuchita kukhazikitsanso awo tsankho akutsatiridwa ndi kaphatikizidwe zochokera malingaliro a makono Wachiwiri-chikunja. Motero, chiphunzitso cha chibadwa mwachindunji sagwirizana ndi mfundo yaikulu sayansi.

M'pofunika yomweyo kupanga kukonza pa funso la amene analenga chipembedzo cha Wicca. Poyamba, liwu limeneli limatanthauza mwambo mdani Gardner wotchedwa Charles Cardella, pamene chiphunzitso Gardnerian ankatchedwa kungoti "matsenga". Komabe 60s dzina "Wiccans" ndipo zimachitika otsatira Gardner, ndipo kenako onse ena ofanana ndi anachokera ku miyambo. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti lero, pansi pa dzina la chipembedzo, "Wicca" amatanthauza magulu angapo kapena zochepa ofanana achipembedzo ndi zamatsenga. Pansipa, ife sadzachita nawo ndife Akristu ndi makhalidwe ya aliyense wa iwo, chifukwa ambiri a iwo, ndipo nthawi kulenga mitundu yatsopano ya chiphunzitso Wiccan ndi mchitidwe. Plus, chabwino theka Wiccan otsatira ali ndi mfundo zawo eclectics bwino Chili osati zinthu yekha wa vnutrivikkanskih osiyana lokha, koma Chili ndi zipembedzo zina, kotero kuti m'dziko pali otchedwa Mkhristu, Ayuda ndi Muslim ngakhale Wicca. M'malo mwake, timakambirana za wamba achipembedzo postulates, maganizo ndi tigwirizane mu mchitidwe wa kumbali ya zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana Wiccan.

zamulungu

Maziko chachikulu Wiccan wauzimu ndi postulation mfundo ziwiri Mulungu - mwamuna ndi mkazi, omwe ali mu chifanizo cha Mulungu ndi wamkazi. miyambo osiyana ndi maganizo pa zimene ena maudindo awa ali patsogolo pa ena. Ena amalambira mulungu wamkazi yekha, ena kutsatira pamwamba diteisticheskoy malo kulambira wamkazi pang'ono kuposa Mulungu. Anthu ena amaona azimai pamene thupi chachinayi zokonda wamwamuna. Yotsirizira Komabe, zinthu mtundu yosowa kwambiri a Wiccans. Izi mwina chifukwa chakuti zipembedzo za makolo akale nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi akukokomeza kulambira umuna kwambiri mu chikunja, ndi miyambo zitatuzi. Wicca lilinso ndi njira zina, yodziwika ndi mwapadera kuti ukazi kuti amakopeka ndi consolidates pakati kuonera matriarchal miyambo ndi zenizeni zauzimu zogwirizana ndi kulambira mulungu wamkazi.

Choncho Wiccans tcheru makamaka zonse zimene zikukhudza zikhalidwe chachikale chinkawavuta adapembedza mayi Mulungu, kaya Wamkulu Amayi, Amayi Lapansi, ndi zina zotero. E. Kenako anayamba gulu la milungu yachikunja, otsatira a Wicca mukukhulupirira zochitika za yosonyezera umulungu wapawiri pachiyambi. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, anthu osalambira wamkazi essences ogwirizana wamkazi, ndi milungu yonse - ang'onoang'ono a Mulungu.

Ndi khalidwe limene, kutsitsimuka mbiri isanayambe ndi mbiri zachikunja miyambo, Wiccans kupatsa katundu wamkazi wake utatu, nthawi zambiri kutanthauziridwa mu nkhani ya gulu "namwali, amayi, crone." Mwachionekere, mfundo zimenezi zimasonyeza ubale pakati pa chithunzi cha mayi la Mulungu m'zinthu mwezi. A chithunzi ofanana zimaonekera pa Agiriki ndi Aroma, ena Eastern, Acelt zikhulupiriro.

Monga Mulungu, correlate wake ndi mulungu nyanga za ku Ulaya, msaki mulungu wa Acelt ndi mafuko ena kuti kumene kuli Ulaya Chikristu chisanayambe. Wiccans (osachepera, osati mmodzi wa ophunzira a Christian ndipo ambiri, chabwino, Abulahamu Wicca) kunena kuti kudziwa Mulungu monotheists ndi Mulungu Wiccans inadmissible, monga Wachiwiri-chipembedzo chachikunja Wicca amazindikira palibe transcendent wamphamvu zonse mulungu ndi mlengi wa dziko. Mlingo muyeso wa immanence wa mulungu ndi Mulungu - ndi mbali yofunika ya zamulungu Wiccan. Choncho zikuluzikulu zamulungu mu Wicca ndi pantheism, amene postulates mfundo ziwiri Mulungu, nthawi zina ndinawona mu njira dualistic.

Komabe, magwero Wiccan mungapeze chikumbutso cha Mulungu wamkulu, ataima pa zosiyanasiyana za Mulungu wamkazi. Zochita izo, ndithudi, walandira chidwi. Koma, theoretically, izo zimachita kuvomereza chipembedzo cha Wicca. Mlengi wake, Gerald Gardner, iyemwini analankhula za chinthu ichi, kukangana kuti dzina lake akhalabe osadziwika, ndipo kuposa milungu ina yonse. Ena anamutcha Draytenom ( "Mulungu" pa Old English) kapena wina. Komabe, kwakukulu kayendedwe matriarchal Wiccans (Dianic ndi ena) amakana kuli mfundo imeneyi apamwamba, kukangana Mtheradi onse unazunguliridwa mu chithunzi cha wamkazi.

anapita kumoyo

Apa ndi zoona za Wicca chipembedzo pa magulu ake onse, kotero ndicho chimene iwo onse amati metempsychosis, ndiko, kwa miyoyo. Makamaka, ndithudi, Wiccans mwina amasiyana maganizo awo, koma pa mulo lonse - ndi mbali yofunika ya chikhulupiriro chawo. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso wotchuka kwambiri, ndi munthu akafa mu otchedwa dziko chilimwe wosatha, kukonzekera thupi lotsatira. Mosiyana ndi zipembedzo Abulahamu, Wiccans safuna ina, Ufumu wa Kumwamba kapena ku paradaiso. Ndipo mosiyana zolimbitsa dharmic, musayese kuthawa samsara ndipo sindikufuna kuti usokoneze unyolo wa rebirths kuti kuphatikiza ndi ena Mtheradi. Mwanjira imeneyi, chipembedzo ndi Wicca - ndi moyo otsimikiza kwambiri chipembedzo zachilengedwe, anaikira kwathunthu dziko lino ndi kupeza mu tanthauzo lenileni. Choncho, kuchita otsatira a chiphunzitso satchula chidwi makamaka kwa dziko lina. Kumene, Wiccans ambiri amachita zamizimu, koma choyamba, osati akuluakulu onse Wiccan amavomereza izo, ndipo kachiwiri, iwo akuchita mu zamatsenga, osati nkhani chipulumutso.

matsenga Wicca

Chipembedzo, tikulankhula - sikuti chiphunzitso wauzimu. Kumafuna tima ntchito zamatsenga, za matsenga monga mwambo wachipembedzo, mtundu wa utumiki kwa Mulungu ndi wamkazi. Choncho, m'pomveka amati ndi chipembedzo mfiti. Wicca zoona, zikutanthauza kuti Old English chilankhulo zimene lero mawu akuti "ufiti".

Kumene osati zamatsenga, ndi ufulu kuganizira yekha Wiccan. Mwachidule kugawa mfundo zikuluzikulu ziphunzitso za chipembedzo, ndi njira zawo kusonyeza ulemu Mulungu ndi wamkazi mu pemphero ndi miyambo munthu. Koma, Mosiyana, mayunitsi kudutsamo, chifukwa mbali yokulirapo ya chipembedzo popanda zili matsenga ndi osauka kwambiri: palibe kulambira wamba kapena malo opatulika, palibe Lemba, palibe atsogoleri, palibe masakalamenti. Kumene pali maholide amene mwambowu Wiccans onse, koma kachiwiri, ichi chokha si zokwanira kukhala wosangalala wauzimu. Komanso, ambiri mwa miyambo chikondwerero ankamuona ngati zotsatira zamatsenga, ndi coven (dera), ndi kusakhulupirika ndi gulu la zamatsenga mfiti. Choncho chipembedzo Wicca pafupifupi nthawi zonse wophatikizidwa ndi zamatsenga, ndi otsatira ake modzipereka amadziona kuti ndi mfiti ndipo warlocks.

miyambo

Konsekonse anavomera miyambo Wiccan kulibe - lililonse Wiccan Wiccan coven kapena kulenga miyambo okha zochita malinga ndi zokonda munthu, maganizo ndi zokonda. Chinthu chokha chimene inu mukhoza kunena kuti amene ali oyanjana ena mwambo Wiccan. Choyamba, ndi kusunga sabata ndi Esbats, tikambirana pansipa. Kachiwiri, chizolowezi mwambo kapena kudzikonda kudzipereka ku miyambo. Mu covens kwambiri ndiwofatsa kugwira chapatatu dongosolo mwambo. Chachitatu, pali miyambo ndi vikkaninga hendfastinga. The oyamba ndi mwambo umene wakhanda amaimira Mulungu ndiponso wamkazi, pofuna kuteteza ana awo. Vikkaning mwambo si chipembedzo, kotero si ubatizo womwewo mu Chikhristu. Hendfasting - ndi Wiccan mwambo wa ukwati. Ndizo zonse pali kunena za ichi, chifukwa kufotokozera zenizeni aliyense miyambo Wiccan zobisika, kukhulupirira kokha buku paokha mithunzi - magulu kukwiya, miyambo, ndi zambiri zofanana.

Main Wicca ufiti miyambo inayambira ku miyambo yakale ya kuzungulira ulimi. Mu kwambiri mseri zinthu matsenga zachokera maganizo a Ufiti European: zinthu zinayi, zikugwira amene mfiti kapena mfiti ambabala kusintha analakalaka dziko thupi. Izi chimasiyanitsa kumadzulo ndi kumpoto matsenga kuchokera kummawa, pamene amatsenga anachititsa iye yekha basi mzimu komwe akuchita ntchito yonse. Komabe, monga tanenera kale, Wicca chipembedzo kawirikawiri khalidwe Akasakaniza ku nkhope ya otsatira ake, amene mwachangu kwambiri ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo miyambo shamanic African, Australia, Indian, Chitibeta ndi. Thunthu maziko a ntchito zonse zamatsenga m'dziko lino ndi zopanda mbali zinayi, amadziwika ntchito za upamwamba ndi (moto, lapansi, madzi, mpweya) ndi Mzimu. nyengo akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi mphamvu, kuchititsa kusintha ankafunila pa mlingo thupi ndi m'maganizo. Ichi ndi matsenga. Wicca ambiguously amatanthauza matsenga zosiyanasiyana mu utoto, ngakhale kale mugawo ili imene ambiri akuluakulu kuyenda. Anakana pamene iye Attribution wakuda zoipa. Koma omwe ali oipa, Wiccans sizinachitike ntchito zambiri kapena zochepa kulephera lingaliro. Komabe, iwo ndi makhalidwe awo abwino, zomwe anatchula pansipa.

chikhalidwe

Wicca, monga tatchulazi, alibe woyera, Malemba. Komabe, pali zambiri kapena zochepa wolemekezeka pa otsatira ake malemba, Pakati pali lamulo losavuta koma succinct: "Ngati zochita zanu musati kuvutitsa aliyense, ndiye kuchita zimene mukufuna." chiphiphiritso Zimenezi zimapereka woyendetsa moyo umene ntchito yonse mfiti. Wicca sadziwa Komabe, chiphunzitso za amene ndi zimene zili m'gulu bwalo la "palibe". Kodi ikuphatikizapo anthu kapena nyama, kuphatikizapo tizilombo? A chomera? Kapena mmene kupirira dongosolo lino Wiccan anawaitana ku nkhondo? Kaya lamulo ili chikutha ngati kuli kofunika kuti adziteteze? Ndipo ngati pali Sikoyenera? Mafunso amenewa palibe yankho limodzi. Koma pali wina mawu otchuka kwambiri, otchedwa pangano la wamkazi. Linalembedwa ndi Doreen Valiente, ndi chimene chikuchita ndi makhalidwe eyiti, amene ayenera kuyesetsa mfiti: chimwemwe, ulemu, kulemekeza, anthu, mphamvu, kukongola, ndi mphamvu ndi chifundo.

A lachitatu wotchuka kwambiri Wiccan mfundo za makhalidwe abwino ndi lamulo otchedwa za chilango patatu, chimene munthu kuti onse sakanati achite, iye adzabwerera ku treble lapansi. Choncho zochita Wiccan ali sanalemberetu ndi malamulo a milungu, ndi chakuti mu Chikhristu anatchula: ". Usachite ena zimene simukufuna kuti kulingalira"

makhalidwe kugonana

Pankhani zogonana Wiccans kutsatira si puritanical, postulating ufulu (conjugate Komabe, udindo) munthu pa nkhani imeneyi. Mwa zina, ena Wiccans amachita zamatsenga zogonana, zimene zimafuna miyambo gulu. Wicca ambiguously akunena nkhani ya kugonana. Osafuna kusintha, pambuyo tate wa, Gerald Gardner, a ichi zoipa, kukangana kuti ubwenzi woterewu ndi mulungu wa mkwiyo. Komano, Wiccans ambiri ndithu kuloleza anthu geyi ndipo sachita kukakamiza ndi Wiccans pakati pawo palibe kukaniza kugonana. Ena mafunde loteteza ufulu wa akazi a Wicca Mwachitsanzo, kale mkulu kuchuluka malezibiyani.

ophiphiritsa

Wiccans ayamba zizindikiro zambiri yakale kwa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, pali zambiri lililonse ndipo, kotero kunena, zizindikiro zosiyana Mwachitsanzo, Wiccan Mwalawapamutu. Choyamba - ichi ndi pentagram mwachindunji zikutanthauza mogwirizana kwa zinthu motsogoleredwa ndi mzimu. Chachiwiri - ndi chizindikiro cha mwezi, amene akusonyeza wamkazi. Wicca akugwiritsa ntchito izi ngati muyezo Greek. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, akuonetsedwa Greek mwezi yaikazi. Akuyerekezeranso Great Amayi ndi Wicca. Photos chizindikiro wapatsidwa pansipa.

maholide

Wicca ndi zodabwitsa popanda mwambo maholide ake eyiti. Iwo onse ndi chiyambi Chikristu chisanayambe wakale ndi lolunjika pa nyengo kusintha monga zokhudza ntchito ya zaulimi. Calendar ya zipatso amatchulidwa mu Wicca mawilo a chaka.

Zinayi za zochitika eyiti amaonedwa kwambiri. Iwo ali ofanana kuti zikondwerero wakale Acelt ndipo akuimira nyengo kusintha. Inayi - ndi vernal ndi autumnal March, ndi dzinja ndi chirimwe yozizira. Onse eyiti amatchedwa Sabbat. Apa iwo ali: Samhain, Khirisimasi, Imbolc, Ostara, Beltane, Litha, Lammas ndi Mabon.

Pali kuwonjezera akadali komanso maganizo "Esbats". Yotsirizira ndi zina zonse mwezi ndi mwezi, yomwe Komanso ankaona kukhala wapadera tchuthi nthawi.

Wicca chipembedzo mu Russia

Mu dziko lathu zonse amadziwika zifuma ndi kuchedwa ndi. Ndipo ngati chizindikiro US Wiccan linakhulupirira mndandanda boma la zipembedzo zizindikiro mu 1985, ku Russia Wicca wayamba chabe kukhala. Choncho, coven choyamba anaonekera yekha mu 2011 Udmurtia. Komabe, linali loyamba kulembetsa boma cha m'dera Wiccan. Anthu okhulupirira ndi, ndithudi, kale, koma zedi zochepa. Lero, chifukwa cha Internet ndi zochita za chikhalidwe, Wicca mu Russia ikukula mofulumira, makamaka chifukwa achinyamata. Panopa, pali Wiccans Union of Russia, pali zingapo ena bungwe mu Moscow ndi St. Petersburg gulu. The kukula mofulumira chiwerengero cha covens, ndipo makamaka - chiwerengero madokotala limodzi. Mwazina pakati pa iwo anali ataona kale amang'amba ndi kukangana pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana, zomwe palokha akuimira kukopa kwambiri, ndipo anali wachibale wa oimira zambiri za Wicca mu Russia.