Chizindikiro zojambulajambula Andrei Rublev: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Russian luso amasunga kwambiri mwa ntchito zazikulu olembedwa ndi ambuye a burashi lapansi. Zonsezi zikhoza kwathunthu zimachitika munthu Russian chizindikiro zojambulajambula, dzina amadziwika onse.

ntchito zosiyanasiyana analenga Andrei Rublev, mbiri yake - chitsimikiziro bwino.

Ndizosowa moyo: ubwana ndi zaka za kukhwima

Pa moyo wa Russian chizindikiro zojambulajambula, canonized mu nthawi yathu kwa oyera, lero amadziwa zochepa kwambiri.

kubadwa kwake nthawi logwirizana 1360 kapena ena amanena, zaka 1370.

Komanso si bwino amene makolo ake. Mwina iwo anadza ku kalasi munthu wolemekezeka, ndipo mwina anali alimi yosavuta. Pali chiphunzitso chimene bambo wa wojambula Russian anachokera kalasi luso. Zimenezitu pa tsiku dzina lake, monga Rubel - ndi chimodzi mwa zida ukalipentala. Ngakhale pali zotheka Mabaibulo ena.

Ambiri mwina, Andrew - dzina kumene kumakhala Amonke iconographer. Dzina adampatsa iye anabadwa anataya zaka.

Kutchulidwa kwa mmonke ndi mphatso zodabwitsa za Mulungu ikukhudzana bwanji ndi zaka 1405 ndi 1408. Iwo ali oyanjana ndi zojambula za aang'ono amene zimaonekera Mbiri.

Mbiri ya moyo Andrei Rublev

Ndinali kwambiri kuchita mu moyo wanga wa Chimonko, ndi mafano zojambulajambula Andrei Rublev. mbiri yake, ngakhale mfundo zazing'ono, koma zimatithandiza kumvetsa mu nthawi anakhala wojambula izi Russian.

A nthawi zakale anali ovuta, koma sanakhalepo ndi nthawi zosavuta Russia.

Akukhulupirira kuti Andrei Rublev anabadwa mu Moscow ukulu, amene anakumana nawo theka lachiwiri la m'ma 14, ndi yovuta. Moscow anamenyana ndi Tver pa ufulu kutsogolera unagawanika Russian boma, lomwe linagwedezeka ndipo internecine feuds ndi kuukira gulu mitundu yoyendayenda. Komanso, ali mu zaka zimenezi Moscow, nthendayo inali mkati, kuti lamanzere, ndiye kachiwiri, onyamula pa miyoyo zikwi.

Pa 1380 anabwera wotchuka Nkhondo ya Kulikovo, omwe anakhala woyamba wa anamasulidwa m'mayiko Russian ku mphamvu ya Golden gulu khans ndi ulamuliro wa Moscow mwa mizinda ina Russian.

Mu nthawi yomweyo panali kwambiri Russian woyera Sergio wa Radonezh dzina anthu. Panthawi imeneyi analemba nkhope yodabwitsa ndi chizindikiro zojambulajambula Andrei Rublev.

Ndipo ngakhale zovuta, nthawi ndipo anali ena lithandize wamasomphenya, amene anatipatsa chiyembekezo kuti Russia adzatha adzabadwanso ndi kukhala amphamvu ndi ozindikira mwauzimu mphamvu.

Andrew mmonke mu Sergeeva Lavra

Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, pamene dzina Rublev anali M'buku Russian, iwo anauzidwa kuti Andrew anaphunzira luso chizindikiro zojambulajambula kuyambira ali motsogoleredwa ndi amisiri aluso ochokera Utatu-Sergio obisika. Izo zinachitika pamene wophunzira wa St. Sergio wa Nikon, komanso dzina Radonezh.

Mbali yaikulu pa zomwe anyamata mukopedwe kumene kumakhala Amonke ndi anthu ft wa abbot woyamba wa agulupa izi. Kumene chitsanzo cha Sergio ouziridwa wamng'ono Andrew kulenga mkulu ndi mzimu fano.

chizindikirochi Rublev ndipo koposa zonse, wotchuka wake "Utatu" ndiponso kukhala kusungidwa mu obisika, kumene patapita anapeza mazana a otsutsa zaka luso, nakantha luso wakale wa mmisiri.

Androniko obisika

Komanso njira ya moyo anatsogolera mmonke Andrew mu Androniko obisika, anakhazikitsa monga wophunzira wa St. Sergio dzina lake Androniko. Aluso zojambulajambula wolemekezedwa olemekezeka a nthawi. Amadziwika kuti mmodzi wa ana wotchedwa Dmitry Donskogo Vasiliy Dmitrievich anaitanidwa Andrei Rublev kujambula zipinda yachifumu mu boma la Russia.

Zilandiridwenso Andrei Rublev anakhala pang'onopang'ono linachititsa chisamaliro yofanana. M'mbiri ya 1405 ponena kuti mmonke uyu anali chidwi ndi kupenta nyumba ya Annunciation Cathedral mu Moscow, pamodzi ndi ojambula odziwika nthawi Theophanes, dzina Ahelene, ndipo mkuluyo Prokhorov. Komabe, zojambula mpaka masiku ano zinasungidwa chifukwa kukonzanso kwa chinyumba chachikulu.

Zizindikiro za Annunciation Cathedral

Annunciation Cathedral sichinakwaniritsidwebe zinasungidwa, koma ndi chozizwitsa, kuti anapulumuka chizindikiro-penti nkhope za kachisi uyu. ndi mafano onse asanu ndi awiri amene analembedwa kuti burashi ndi ziboliboli.

chizindikirochi Rublev - pamenepa "Khirisimasi", "Ubatizo", "kulowa mu Yerusalemu", "The Annunciation", "Candlemas," kuukitsidwa kwa Lazaro "ndi" Transformation ".

zithunzi izi, zimene zina zimasungidwa mu kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale za dziko, monga wotchuka Tretyakov Gallery, kudabwitsa amaonetsa osati zikuchokera bwino ndi chapadera cha zithunzi zamlengalenga pa chithunzi, komanso mawu wapadera zimene zinalembedwa nkhope za. Izi chiyero zapadera wauzimu ndi chikhulupiriro chozama.

Mwangwiro chikufanana mtundu phale kwalimbitsa yekha kumverera uku.

Kopanda Cathedral mu Vladimir

China chosaiwalika yonena za Rublev olembedwa mbiri scrupulous, anali ntchito pamodzi ndi amisiri ena a nthawi imeneyo zojambula za Akukwera tchalitchi. Izo zinachitika pafupifupi 1408.

Kuwonjezera penti makoma, ambuye analenga ena nkhope wodziwika bwino, ena amene ali tsopano mu zakale. Zotsatira za Russian luso wakale Lazaro masitolo osati Museum Andreya Rubleva, koma Tretyakov Gallery.

Inali pa nthawi iyi, mu chiweruzo cha luso, wotchuka chizindikiro cha mbuye linalembedwa pansi udindo "Dona Wathu Vladimir."

Ambiri mwina, mu izi mmonke tchalitchi Andrei anali kale ntchito pamodzi ndi ophunzira. Today aliyense angathe kuona apa ena murals wake kuti kudabwa ndi expressiveness awo ndi wapadera ŵakusanga wauzimu.

Mpingo wa Utatu Woyera

Amadziwika kuti penapake 20s lapansi. 15 m'ma Chimonko Daniil Cherny ndi Andrei Rublev (zaka pafupifupi) ntchito pa murals wa mpingo wa Utatu Woyera, amene inamangidwa pa manda wa M'busa abbot Sergio.

kachisi anamangidwa pa mwala (lamulo limeneli lili lero). Komabe, frescoes a tchalitchi kuti sanapulumuke lero, koma lero inu mukhoza kuwona zithunzi izi Rublev analengedwa pa mpingo uno. Izi "Paulo", "Angelo Michael" ndi "Ubatizo." Unsembe wa kulemba ndi fano njira anaŵerengera mafano awa ali pafupi kwambiri kalembedwe wotchuka "Utatu." Andrei Rublev Museum amasunga chuma chamtengo wapatali.

Malinga ndi mbiri ya, comrade Andrei Rublev - ndi mmonke Daniel, dzina la Black, anafa chimodzimodzi Utatu Lavra. Apa anaikidwa m'manda. Atate Andireya nayenso anapita Androniko obisika, pali kulenga ntchito zawo zatsopano.

ntchito Recent iconographer

Malinga ndi asayansi, ntchito otsiriza a mbuye anakhala kupenta nyumba ya Mpingo, Mpulumutsi, amene anamaliza m'ma 1428.

Long moyo kulenga moyo Andrei Rublev, yonena za chithunzicho limatiuza za tsiku, nthawi ndi malo a imfa yake.

Wotchuka Russian chizindikiro zojambulajambula anafa January 1430 (mwina January 29). Iye anaikidwa mu Moscow, mu Andronik ansembe yotchedwa (by njira, chifukwa chakuti bambo a Andrei Rublev zikupezekera malo awo ampumulo otsiriza, obisika wakalewu silinawonongedwe panthawi Soviet).

Mu 1989, mazana a zaka kenako, bambo Andrew anali canonized ndi Mpingo Russian monga woyera mtima.

Zilandiridwenso Andrei Rublev: Zimene wotchuka mu Zvenigorod

Dzina Russian zojambulajambula la Russia wakale nayesa kumletsa m'manda ku anaiwalika ngati osati anapeza chodabwitsa amene anapanga Igor Grabar. Mwangozi, mu chete mzinda wakunja kwatawuni wa Zvenigorod, pafupi ndi kachisi wakale anapeza zithunzi chodabwitsa, kumene monga kunapezeka, a dzanja Andreya Rubleva. Ndipo nditaya limeneli mu khola wamba!

Zizindikiro amatchedwa "Zvenigorod udindo" ndipo patapita kanthawi zinadziwika kuti woyambitsa wa iwo anali Andrei Rublev. Kuona mwachidule ntchito zimenezi.

The wodziwika cha izi ndicho chizindikiro yakuti "kupulumutsidwa" anasunga pang'ono chabe. Koma maso a Khristu, analankhula naye akuyang'ana pa anthu Timasangalalanso amaonetsa. Tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti chizindikiro cha munthu akuyang'ana pa ife Mulungu-munthu, osati tchimo ndi kudzazidwa ndi mphamvu ya masautso ndi chikondi kwa anthu onse moyo ndi chifundo wopandamalire.

Zonse za kuyendetsa chizindikiro ichi (monga kusungidwa mu Tretyakov Gallery) sitingaleke ake wakhungu. Kumeneko, choyambirira cha "Utatu" mukusungira Tretyakov Gallery ,. Tsoka la chizindikiro ichi ndi chidwi kwambiri.

tanthauzo Mulungu ochuluka padera mu chilengedwe chonse Andrei Rublev. Wambiri mwa chithunzicho kuvumbula ife chinsinsi cha momwe Russian mmonke yosavuta anakhoza kuwuka kwa pamwamba ngati a kupeza wauzimu wa dziko limene Mulungu. Mwina Exupery anali kulondola: "Kodi kuli kofunika ndi kosaoneka ndi maso."

Kwa zaka chizindikiro ichi Anapachikidwa mu malipiro wolemera ndi bulky, anatseka pa zokometsera onsewa, ndipo kokha pa chiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza, luso mbiri yakale anatha kutsegula izo kuchokera stratification wa zaka kumvetsa kuti ndi lodabwitsa woona.