Ivan Red. Zaka Ivan II Red

Ivan Red, Ivan kapena 2, ndi wa mtundu wa Grand Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani. Iye anabadwa mu Moscow pa March 30, 1326. Iye anali mwana wachiwiri wa Ivan Kalita 1 ndi Mfumukazi Elena - mkazi woyamba wa mfumu. dzina lake anali Red Ivan, monga ena mbiri, chifukwa cha kukongola kwake yapadera. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, chifukwa kubadwa kwake unagwa pa tsiku lopatulika Quasimodo, kapena monga patchedwa Red phiri.

Ufulu wolamulira

Mu 1340, iye anamwalira Ivan Kalita 1, koma chaka aphedwe, iye limodzi ndi ana aakulu Simeon ndi Ivan, anapita Khan wa gulu. Mfumu amafuna kutenga chizindikiro choyamba kulangiza ku Moscow kunyumba, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi nakhalanso lina la Tver ukulu, mutu wa amene anaikidwa wolamulira wamphamvu Alexander. Iye ali kupikisana ndi mwana wamkulu Ivana Kality, ndipo ankanena kuti ulamuliro wapamwamba. Chifukwa, Simeon analandira chizindikiro pa ulamuliro waukulu ndipo atamwalira atate wake anayamba kulamulira dziko.

Zvenigorod Prince

Wachiwiri Ivan Kalita mwana, Ivan Red, malinga ndi chifuniro cha atate wake, inakhala ndi mphamvu ya m'matauni 23 ndi midzi, zofunika kwambiri zimene zinali Ruza ndi Zvenigorod. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito yake komanso anali wachitatu wa Moscow, analandira ndi co-umwini wa abale atatu. Choncho, Ivan Red analandira udindo wa Kalonga wa Zvenigorod.

Bambo wake atamwalira, anali ndi zaka 14. M'masiku awo ankaona pafupifupi wamkulu. Ngakhale ndiye kalonga wachinyamata zimawoneka ngati mfundo wodziimira. Ivan nthawi zonse wakhala mu mthunzi wa ntchito za mbale wake Simeon onyada ndipo palibe talente wapadera ziwanda.

A chitsanzo chapadera cha mawu awa ndi mfundo zotsatirazi. Mu 1348, m'dera la dziko Novgorod mwadzidzidzi atalanda Swedish mfumu Magnus 2 ndi ankhondo ake. Simeon onyada anatumiza kuthandiza anzawo m'bale Ivan, koma anaopa kumenyana ndi gulu lankhondo la adani ndipo mwamsanga kumene Moscow. Ndi nthawi asilikali a Sweden anakwanitsa kugwila Nyumbayi mtedza n'kuulanda dazeni olemekezeka. Chifukwa, Novgorod ankakumana ndi mdani wake, ndi Ivan Red konse courted ulemerero asilikali yekha.

Grand Duke

Mu 1353 mu Moscow, mliri wa nthenda ankati kwambiri ya moyo. Wathunso ndi Simeon banja Chathu. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, ndi mng'ono wa Ivan Yofiira mwadzidzidzi yekha anapeza mutu wa Grand Duke. Iye anali mwamtheradi asanakonzekere izi, chifukwa iye sanali angathe kudzilamulira.

Gulu pa nthawi ino vuto anali kulepheretsa. Pa nthawi imeneyo, atangomwalira Khan Chiuzibeki, kotero olamulira anali kusintha mofulumira kuti iwo analibe nthawi kapena mphamvu kulowa ntchito ya maukulu Russian. Tikumbukenso kuti ochepa akhafuna kuona Ivan monga wolamulira wawo. akalonga Specific nthawi zonse chidwi kupewa mphamvu ya Ivan 2. Komabe, machenjerero awo onse sanali bwino.

Nthawi

Ivan Red 2 kukhala mu mphamvu zaka 6 zokha. Molingana ndi azambiriyakale, kuti ankhaimilira ziwembu zopulula akalonga onse a mtundu Kalitichey amene wotanganidwa wachifumu. Ambiri mwina, Ivan 2 ndipo ndinadziwa kuti iye anali kuchita chamuna ndi kupitiriza mfundo anathamangitsa ndi atate wake, ndi m'bale mkulu, koma sanathe kuchita chilichonse.

Kufooka kwa latsopano Grand Duke unaonekera pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Anayamba kuukira angapo pa dzikolo. Prince Ryazanskiy angathe kugwila Lopasnya oyenerera pakati Moscow ndi Serpukhov. Lithuanians Zikatero, n'kutsogolera kwa Mozhaisk nayikapo Kiev wake Metropolitan. Novgorod mu gulu anayamba mumadabwa ndi Ivan 2 ndi malo ake prochit protege - Suzdal Prince Constantine. Ndipo pamwamba zonse, Ankhondo ndewu mkati inayamba mu Moscow palokha, ndipo panali moto.

zinthu izi zonse sukanakhoza mu njira iliyonse zimathandiza kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya Ivan 2. Ambiri mwina, iye sangathe kugwira impso mphamvu manja awo, monga kufooka m'masiku amenewo inali yodula ngati osati zinthu ziwiri. Choyamba - thandizo kwa Moscow boyars, amene sanafune kusiya maudindo awo, wachiwiri - mpingo.

History amadziwa zitsanzo zambiri pamene umunthu ofooka wolamulira limatuluka wamphamvu kwambiri pabanjapo. Pankhaniyi, izo zinali ndiye mutu wa Mpingo Orthodox, amene ali ndi maganizo wosiyana, ndi chidwi ndi luso zamtendere ndi chifuniro amphamvu, Metropolitan Alexy. Zinali kudzera mukuthandizana wake wa Ivan 2 Red anatha kusunga udindo wake wa Grand Duke wa Moscow mpaka imfa yake mu 1359.

zotsatira

Akatswiri ambiri amakonda kukhulupirira kuti ulamuliro wa Ivan Yofiira sanam'bweretsere Moscow Russia kanthu koma thandizo amadza chifukwa cha pa ukulu wapafupi. Mtengo yekha wa kalonga uyu ankaona kujowina Kostroma ndi Dmitrov m'mayiko Moscow. Iye amadziwika kuti bambo a wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy - lalikulu Russian mkulu, amene anapambana pa Nkhondo ya Kulikov.