M'chigawo Astrakhan. Inalowa kuti Russia ndi akatembenuka

Astrakhan Province November 22, 2017 amakondwerera chikumbutso ake 300th. Inakhalapo ndi lamulo la Peter Wamkulu mu 1717. Pa m'gawo lake kuyambira 1480 anali Astrakhan ufumu, amene analipo mpaka 1557, pamene Ufumuyo ku Moscow State.

Mbiri ya maphunziro

zaka zitatu kale, Moscow asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi Prince Pronsky-Shemyakin analowa kudera la ufumu wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpando wachifumu ukapolo Derbyshev Khan, amene anapempha thandizo ku Moscow ndipo anatenga lumbiriro la kukhulupirika kwa boma Russian ndi chikhalidwe cha ndalama zimene anapereka. Pambuyo apereke m'magulumagulu 1557 Russian linalanda Khanate kwa Russia.

boma Russian zofuna m'mayiko amenewa nthawizonse wakhala yaikulu. Iye anali ndi zolinga zingapo. Woyamba ndipo chopambana - ndi kuteteza malire kwa zankhanza wa Chitata khamu, amene nthawi kuwoloka malire mu dziko, potero kupangitsa kuwonongeka mpaka kalekale kwa anthu, hijacking akapolo anthu. The chachiwiri - ndi ya Caspian, amene anali kupeza kufunika njira boma. Kulamulira m'mphepete anagwidwa Movutikira. Izi anali ntchito ndi mabomba pafupipafupi wa Chitata ndi matenda zolusa ndi ufulu Cossacks ndi Kalmyks.

Kuyambira 1708 dziko la ufumu kale anali mbali ndi gawo la m'chigawo Kazan. chidwi kwambiri kwa m'mphepete anasonyeza Potr Veliky. Zinali iye analengeza 1717 anapanga m'madera dziko la Russia Ufumu. Astrakhan ufumu aja anakhala gawo ngati amodzi ndi utsogoleri - m'chigawo, lotsogoledwa ndi General Kazembe.

malo Hrs

Kupeza m'chigawo Astrakhan - gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Ulaya Russia. Monga mbali ya malire ace, monga malire kwa chaka cha 1914 zinaphatikizapo dera Astrakhan ndi Kalmykia kwathunthu, pang'ono Volgograd ndi Rostov Region, Stavropol Gawo, Dagestan ndi Kazakhstan Guryev dera.

Inkakhala pa za Caspian otsika, pafupifupi 500 makilomita izo kusamba ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Malire m'munsi mwa mtsinje wa Volga anagawa m'chigawo pawiri. Chabwino (kwa Volga) akutchedwa Kalmyk steppe, Kumanzere (Zavolzhskaya) - Kirghiz steppe. Tofa Volga m'chigawo Astrakhan lagawidwa mauta awiri, akuwaza mu njira zambiri, amene nambala pa confluence kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi 70.

Kodi kusintha zikuchokera kuchigawo

Mbiri ya chigawo Astrakhan mwadzaza kusintha. Amaphatikiza ndi zichokera kwa gawo lalikulu. Gubernija pansi Peter zimasiyana munda pano. malire ake anawonjezera ku steppes zakuthengo Kirghiz ku Caucasus, kuchokera Kuban ndi Stavropol Gawo kuti Middle Volga.

Mzinda wa m'chigawo Astrakhan, amene anali oyambirira a m'gawo lake:

• Astrakhan;
• Guryev - panopa mu Atyrau (Kazakhstan) ;
• Dmitrievsky - panopa Kamyshin;
• Krasny Yar;
• Kizlyar;
• Petrovsk;
• Samara;
• Saratov;
• Simbirsk - Ulyanovsk pa nthawiyo;
• Syzran;
• Terek;
• Tsarina - panopa ntchito;
• Black Yar.

Patatha zaka 11, anayi a mizinda Volga (Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk, Syzran) anachotsedwa ndi kukalowa m'chigawo Kazan. Pambuyo zaka 11, Saratov anawonjezera kachiwiri m'chigawo Astrakhan. Patatha chaka chimodzi inasandulika chilikati cha Saratov kazembe.

Pakuti limanena, kazembe - mtundu wa wodzilamulira. Kutumikiridwa kazembe akusankhidwa ndi Moscow, koma mosiyana kazembe silili likuvutika boma, ndipo zinali Zodyetsa gawo wamng'ono. Cholinga chake - kulamulira chigawo ndi kusonkhanitsa misonkho. Kazembe anakhala ambiri pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Catherine II. Izi mawonekedwe a boma anali ndi khalidwe osati la Russia, koma anatenga malo m'mayiko ena, makamaka England.

Panali wochenjera koma chofunika ntchito pa makonzedwe a dera la State imene Province Astrakhan kwachitika kofunika ngati kumudzi wa ufumu ndi mlatho pakati Russia ndi East. Zotsatira zake - mapangidwe zigawo latsopano, tinganene kuti m'madera ena ku madera ena. Mu 1752 mumzinda Anam'samutsira Orenburg Guryev. zaka makumi atatu kumbuyo m'chigawo Astrakhan, nthawi yomweyo mu kapangidwe kake kulowa mumzinda wa Uralsk. Patapita kanthawi Axhtubinsk Black Yar ndi Tsarina tinasamukira m'chigawocho.

Kupita ku chigawo

madera akuluakulu omwe kulibe asezare m'chigawo cha Astrakhan. Tinkakhala pano ambiri a anthu woyendayendawu: ndi Kirghiz ndi Kalmyks. Mbali yaikulu ya mzinda lili pa magombe a Volga - amaika wolemera nsomba ndi odyetserako dziko. Kuonetsetsa uziyenda yachibadwa kunali koyenera kuti alenge anthu atakhazikika okhala padziko madera ake. Iwo anayamba posachedwapa ndi yosamutsa lonse ku gawo European wa ufumu mu Kirghiz steppe.

Zimatengera zosankha zofunika kwa kuthetsa othamanga ya m'dziko la m'chigawo: kwa dzikolo zogulitsa pa mawu yabwino. Komanso, iwo anali kuperekedwa, analoledwa ntchito ufulu. Resettlement zinachitikadi mudzi wonse. Panali midzi latsopano Cossack. m'chigawo Astrakhan malo ukapolo, panali forts. Izi anasiya Old Okhulupirira ndi anthu otsutsa. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XIX chiwerengero cha anthu Orthodox (Russian, Chiyukireniya) anali pafupifupi 55%, Kirghiz (Kazakhs) - pafupifupi 25%, Kalmyks - 13%, Chitata - 6%.

utsogoleri magawano

Likulu la m'chigawochi mzinda wa Astrakhan. Khumi zoyambirira za m'ma XX. m'chigawocho, panali 5 zigawo. County Astrakhan Astrakhan m'chigawo inali yaikulu mu mawu alionse - 219 760 anthu (1897). Pomwepo adadza kumene analenga Enotaevsky, Krasnoyarsk, ndi Chernoyarsky Tsarovsky, Kalmyk ndi steppes Kirghiz ndi Astrakhan Cossack asilikali.

The zikuchokera zigawo zisanu m'gulu:

• m'midzi - 157;
• townships - 47;
• mphero - 13;
• m'madera uryadnicheskih - 89.

Kalmytskaya steppe m'gulu asanu amazilamulira ulus ndi Bazaar. Kirghiz steppe ndi madera asanu ndi zigawo ziwiri. The Astrakhan Cossack asilikali anakakhala awiri, wopangidwa mwa midzi 13, ndipo m'midzi ing'onoing'ono zigawenga. Chiwerengero cha anthu anali oposa. Pa gawo la chigawo izo opareshoni mipingo 167, 4 Orthodox mchitidwe umenewu.

Province mu zaka XIX-XX

m'chigawo Astrakhan m'zaka 19 anapitiriza kusintha amenewa, iwo sanali monga kwambiri pamene m'zaka XVIII. Mu 1832, pambuyo kwambiri ziŵalo m'chigawo Astrakhan ndi Caucasus anali kwathunthu. Pa mutu wa kuima abwanamkubwa awiri - zosakhudzana ndi usilikali. Zambiri za kusintha inamalizidwa. Anapitiriza kulamulira derali.

Recent kusintha Kupititsa zinachitika pa chiyambi cha XX. Mu 1917, steppe Kirghiz anali reorganized mu chigawo kumene analenga Bukeyev ndi zigawo Tsarovsky ndi Chernoyarsky anagwirizana m'chigawo Tsaritsyn. Mu 1925 anathetsa zigawo ndi zigawo 12 anapanga.