Deficiencies vitamini - ndi chiyani ichi? deficiencies vitamini: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kuchiza

Mawailesi onse nthawi zonse koitanira mavitamini ndi zowonjezera, mu dziko kutukuka pali pafupifupi palibe vuto kupeza chakudya. Kodi angakhale kuchepa? Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera zinthu zimenezi?

udindo

A kalekale, pamene mankhwala anali kuli otukuka, anthu aona kuti, kulowa zinthu m'malo zovuta monga mu ulendo wautali kumpoto kapena kuchotsa zakudya zina zakudya anu, anthu monga, palibe chifukwa nkomwe kudwala. mankhwala Traditional sizinathandize, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinadziwika choncho chakudya. Komanso, aliyense chakudya ndi zaka zokwanira kuteteza matenda kapena kuchitira izo, kotero kuti anthu afika kuti zakudya zosiyanasiyana muli ena zinthu. kumvetsa mwachilengedwe kenako kulimbikitsa asayansi kafukufuku amene anali kudziwa, kenako lithe zinthu izi. Koma zambiri za izo patsogolo.

Aliyense bwino yoyenera ku chakudya chawo, mukudziwa kuti tiziligwirizanitsa. Ndi si mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya, komanso mavitamini zofunika ndi mchere. Kumene mukhoza iwo ndi kumwa mankhwala yapadera, koma ndi zambiri zothandiza kwambiri kwa thupi kuyamwa iwo mwachibadwa - chakudya. Koma nanga chiyani?

Conventionally, aliyense wa vitamini ndi n'chofunikira yeniyeni. Koma mfundo ndi iwo anapangidwa kuti njira yachibadwa ya nambala yaikulu njira. Mwachitsanzo, vitamini C ali oposa 300 ntchito kwachilengedwenso. Mwa njira, iwo sangakhoze apanga ndi thupi la munthu.

History of anapeza mavitamini

Kwa nthawi yaitali, kudziŵa mwachilengedwe zakudya zimene ayenera zosiyanasiyana, tilibe kafukufuku. Wotchuka Russian wasayansi N. I. Lunin anali oyamba amene anayamba kuyetsa m'dera lino mu m'ma XIX. Mbali izo anadyetsa mbewa zigawo zonse odziŵika a mkaka wa ng'ombe, ndiko kuti, mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni, mchere, shuga, koma nyamazi zinafa. Ndiyeno anapanga mfundo za kufunikira zinthu zina zomwe sizinachitike anatulukira, koma m'pofunika kwambiri moyo wa chamoyo.

Mu 1906, mapeto anapangidwa ndi English yanga F. Hopkins, akuitana zigawo izi "chowonjezera chakudya zinthu". Koma chinthu chomaliza kusankha zinthu zimenezi anagwira Pole Casimir Funk, amene analandira timibulu, kuchiritsa zizindikiro za hypovitaminosis B, pamene icho chinali kutchedwa beriberi. Iye adayitana mankhwala "Vitaymayn" (ku Latin mawu vita - "moyo" ndi English amine - "amine", ndi asafe munali pawiri). Iye anandiuza kuti zinthu zofanana ndi kuchiritsa ndi matenda monga khungu usiku, chiseyeye, rickets ndi pellagra. Ndipo iye sanali cholakwika.

Kuzindikila

Mu zoyambirira za m'ma XX, pafupifupi mavitamini onse ofunika Tinalandira, ndipo kenako wolembedwa ndi mankhwala kapangidwe awo. Anapeza ndi zinthu zina zimene kanthu pa mfundo yomweyo. Ndi mawu "kwa atulukira mavitamini" mu 1929, Hopkins ndi Eijkman, amene anaphunzira hypovitaminoses nyama nkhuku Mwachitsanzo, analandira Nobel Prize. Mtengo Lunin ndi Funk anaiwala kwa zaka zambiri.

Komabe ofufuza kodi n'zotheka kudziwa zinthu zatsopano, lero chokhudzana ndi mavitamini, komanso kumvetsa ntchito zawo.

Gawo

Lero tikudziwa yaikulu ya mavitamini ndi iwo anawagawa m'magulu. Poyamba, iwo amasiyana mu fat- ndi madzi solubility, koma zikamera wa ambiri analogs deaktualizirovalo gulu ili.

• A: gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu retinoids a zithunzi pigment chachikulu. Komanso kumapangitsa kukula ndi chitukuko, amapereka antioxidant ndi chitetezo chitetezo. Opezeka kaloti, dzungu, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu-chiwindi mafuta.
• Mu: gulu ili monga ochuluka zedi zinthu chokumanako yomweyo kuseri kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Lalikulu zedi pano mu ufa, chakudya, nyemba.

• C: kuno ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha - ascorbic acid. kulowa ake mu thupi n'chotheka kuchokera kunja, ndi chakudya, pamene mavitamini otsala akhoza apanga kumlingo. Mothandizidwa ndi mapangidwe kolajeni, serotonin, tryptophan, corticosteroids. Iwo kumatanthauza chimbudzi chakudya, kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chathupi, n'chongoletsa ena zinthu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'thupi, ndipo, mwamwayi, anapeza zipatso zambiri ndi masamba.
• D: a gulu la mankhwala amene anapanga pakhungu malinga ndi cheza ultraviolet. Zipangitsa mayamwidwe kashiamu ndi phosphorous, kumapangitsa kaphatikizidwe angapo mahomoni kuti zonse selo magawano ndipo thupi.
• E mavitamini akuthandiza ntchito ubereki. Komanso, iwo amachita antioxidants kusintha chitukuko minofu. Iwo ali amphamvu immunomodulators. Zopezeka mu masamba mafuta.
• Mwa: udindo kwa clotting magazi. Komanso nawo impso, mu kagayidwe mafupa ndi minofu connective synthesizes nyumba mapuloteni ntchito mu mtima, mapapo ndi ziwalo zina. Opezeka sipinachi, kolifulawa, burokoli, mapeyala, kiwi, nthochi.
• P: rutin, amene ali ndi udindo kuchepetsa brittleness ndi permeability a mpanda capillary. Izo kumawonjezera elasticity maselo a magazi ndi ali antioxidant katundu. Opezeka zipatso, zobiriwira chotchezera tiyi.

Nthawi zina amatchedwa mavitamini ndi zinthu zofanana, ntchito mfundo omwewo ndi kukhala kufunika yomweyo thupi. Ndipotu, kuchepekedwa awo anamasuliridwa mu chimodzimodzi zinthu zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Ndipo ngati sasintha, chifukwa angakhale oopsa.

Hypo-, hyper- ndi beriberi

kadyedwe aliyense woyenerera kapena munthu wololera amawafunira zabwino kudya nthawi 5-6 tsiku, koma chakudya chochepa, kudya yofanana chakudya limodzi. Ndi mmenenso zilili ndi mavitamini - chikuonetseratu awo ayenera kukhala yunifolomu monga monyanyira kusokoneza zikamera wa mavuto.

Prefixes hypo- ndi Hyper-a- zikutanthauza motero, ndi kuchepekedwa, ndi muyeso ndi anasiya chilichonse. Ichi ndi choona pa zinthu kugwirizana ndi mavuto ndalama mu thupi la mavitamini. Ngakhale matenda amenewa bbwino mu tsiku lina, mankhwala ndithu yaitali ndi zovuta.

Nthawi zina colloquially vitamini akusowa ndi hypovitaminosis zikutanthauza ziri chinthu chomwecho - chosowa mavitamini. About nthawi zambiri anati m'chaka, pamene kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kudya zakudya zamzitini, zakudya osauka.

zifukwa

Iwo akhoza kukhala kunja ndi mkati. Zakale amanena insufficiency Zofika mavitamini ndi chakudya. Pamene lachiwiri - wonse osiyanasiyana mavuto.

Choyamba, zingakhale kufunika kuchuluka kwa mavitamini. Zimachitika pa mimba, pamene ntchito yaikulu thupi, pamaso pa matenda.

Kachiwiri, akhoza kusweka kapena kuloŵerera njira zawo yobereka awo kuti akupita. Pakhoza kukhala mavuto ndi kusintha kwa thupi lithe a mavitamini. Ndiye tokwanira wa iwo kulandira chokwanira - osati hypovitaminosis kupewa. thupi sitingapeze kuphunzira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pamafunika mankhwala.

Nayenso amachititsa hypovitaminosis mkati ikhoza kukhala kobadwa nako kapena kugula chifukwa matenda ena. Mulimonsemo, pafupifupi nthawi zonse pali kuthekera, ngati si anachiritsa kotheratu, monga momwe mungathere zoperewerazo kuperewera kwa vitamini.

mitundu ikuluikulu zizindikiro

Si pachabe ndi muzu Latin cha "moyo" mu mutu wa zinthu izi, koma analibe sizimangochitika zokha imfa, izo zonse akuyamba mosavuta zokwanira. Komabe, kuperewera kwa vitamini - izi ndi lalikulu, ngati munthuyo sanalandire chithandizo.

Monga tanenera kale, gulu A zochitika pa njira ya amaonera zambiri zithunzi. kuchepa yake anasonyeza mu chitetezo chokwanira ndi chikhalidwe khungu. Mwamwayi, ndi umboni woyamba kuti kuperewera kwa vitamini vitamini A amaonedwa kukhala ming'alu mu ngodya m'kamwa mwake - yaitali ndi zopweteka machiritso. Panthawi imeneyi, sangathebe kulankhula za ngozi thanzi, koma chizindikiro cha zoonekeratu. Ngati zilibe zoperewerazo boma matenda, kuperewera kwa vitamini vitamini A kungachititse kuti imfa masomphenya, makamaka mu mdima - otchedwa usiku khungu.

Gulu kumaphatikizapo njira zambiri zofunika. akusowa kungachititse kuti maganizo, zotupa, zopindika chitukuko yoopsa, kupweteka mafupa, a m'mimba, tsitsi imfa, kuwonongeka chidwi ndi kukumbukira, magazi m'thupi ndi mavuto ena aakulu.

Kupanda ascorbic asidi poyamba chimaoneka kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira, kawirikawiri SARS. Mwina amatopa ndi ofooka. Komanso izo zingachititse magazi m'mphuno ndi zilonda M'mimbamo m'kamwa - chiseyeye.

Rickets - chosowa vitamini D - anasonyeza makamaka thukuta, tsitsi kupatulira ndi olimbikitsa mafupa chifukwa kuwonongeka kashiamu mayamwidwe. Izi ndi owopsa ali mwana, chifukwa mafupa akhoza olumala.

deficiencies vitamini - izi ndi nthabwala. Choncho pa matenda nyengo, anapereka palibe kupeza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi kuchuluka zolimbitsa thupi n'kofunika kuganizira thanzi. Kuteteza hypovitaminosis yosavuta. Izo sikutanthauza nthawi yambiri ndiponso khama, koma akhoza kuchotsa nambala yaikulu mavuto.

Kupewa ndi Chithandizo

Ngakhale simukudziwa zimayambitsa hypovitaminosis, njira kuti tichotse ndi yofanana - kupanda kubwezeretsa. Kuteteza, motero, Cholinga chamtima kumeneko.

Kumene, choyamba, izi zimatheka ndi Baibulo la zakudya wodwalayo. Ngati ndi kotheka, kumaonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina ntchito tsiku. Ngati mwayi kwa zogwirizana mankhwala achilengedwe mulibe, iwo akhoza m'malo ndi kaphatikizidwe, mankhwala mwachitsanzo. Komabe, muyeso angathe kuyambitsa mavuto, momwemonso achangu sikuthandiza. Chirichonse ayenera kukhala pang'ono - zikanadziwika ngakhale kalelo. Ngati pali kuperewera kwa vitamini, zizindikiro zimene anzawo kwa nthawi yaitali, kukhala chithandizo mabuku, amene adzatumizidwa kwa onse kuwonongedwa kwa kuchepekedwa zinthu zofunika, ndi mpumulo zizindikiro.

zotsatira

deficiencies vitamini - ndi matenda, monga zikanakhalira sindinayankhule zimene. Iwo akusokoneza uziyenda wabwinobwino wa thupi, amene zikuchitika ngati zinthu akhala sichinasinthe. Inde, kusiyana ndi tsiku limodzi, koma Zikavuta, chotsatira kwa chinthu chimodzi - imfa. Ndipo ngati izo si chifukwa akusowa mavitamini ena mwachindunji, matenda amene amayamba chifukwa chosowa iwo, ndithudi. Kowopsa kwambiri kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri, kupewa kuperewera zimayambitsa vitamini ndi moyenera, chotero zotsatira zake zimakhala zosavuta. Kuchita izi, inu muyenera kudya zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke - pa nthawi kutenga kukonzekera multivitamin.

About hypervitaminosis

Childs, kukwaniritsa boma ndi zovuta. Ngati kuperewera kwa vitamini - kwambiri kapena zochepa wamba limati, ndi muyeso - m'chipani. chakuti thupi zambiri monga amasonyeza zinthu zimene si lamulo. Koma osati nthawi zonse. Pofuna wodziwitsidwa owonjezera mavitamini, muyenera kudya zakudya zokhala ndi iwo, ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kumwa mankhwala mu mlingo waukulu. Nthawi zambiri pali ndi owonjezera A ndi D. Mu mtundu hypervitaminosis A ankaona kuyabwa ndi flaking wa khungu, mutu, nseru, kusanza. Ambiri, izo zikuwoneka ngati poyizoni. Hypervitaminosis D - ndi kufooka kwa mafupa ndi calcium madipoziti mu mtima, impso, makoma chotengera. Pa siteji koyamba kuti amakhala ndi kusowa chilakolako mutu, m'mimba ntchito matenda.