Dera lamapukutcha nyali. Chithunzi chowongolera zamatsenga

Papepala lino, tiphunzira mwatsatanetsatane dera la amplifier pogwiritsa ntchito machubu opuma. Inde, njira iyi yatha kale, koma mpaka lero ndizotheka kukumana ndi okonda "retro". Wina amangokonda chubu phokoso kupita ku digito imodzi, koma wina akuchita kuti amapereka moyo wachiwiri ku luso lamakono limene lakhala losagwiritsidwa ntchito, libwezeretsanso pang'ono. Ambiri owonerera pa wailesi omwe amagwira ntchito pamlengalenga amagwiritsa ntchito nyali kuti amange maulendo ena otukuka. Mwachitsanzo, UHF ndi yosavuta kumanga pa nyali zamphamvu, chifukwa pazithunzithunzi zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Dulani chithunzi cha amplifier

Chithunzi chojambula ndi ichi:

1. Gwero la chizindikiro (maikolofoni, foni, makompyuta, etc.).
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito bukuli ndi potentiometer (variable resistor).
3. Chithunzithunzi chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyali (kawirikawiri chigawo) kapena transistor.
4. Kuthandizira kutulutsa mawu kumagwirizana ndi dera la anode la nyali yoyambirira.
5. Mpumulo womaliza. Kawirikawiri imachita pentode, mwachitsanzo, 6P14S.
6. Chipangizo chofananamo, chomwe chimalola kugwirizanitsa zotsatira za amplifier ndi makina ovomerezeka. Kawirikawiri, gawo ili ndi transformer ya mtundu wotsika (220/12 Volts).
7. Chipangizo chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi chimene chimapangidwira: Kuwonjezereka kwa 250-300 V ndi kusiyana kwa 6.3 V (12.6 V ngati n'koyenera).

Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya maziko , maziko amamangidwa. Ndikofunika kuti muphunzire mosamalitsa mfundo iliyonse ya dongosolo, kotero kuti kupanga chowongolera sikumayambitsa mavuto.

Mphamvu yotukulira mphamvu

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mphamvuyi iyenera kupanga mapangidwe awiri osiyana ndi mtengo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mapangidwe apadera. Iyenera kukhala ndi mphepo zitatu - intaneti, yachiwiri ndi yapamwamba. Zomaliza ziwiri zimatulutsa mpweya wina wa 250-300 V ndi 6.3 V motsatira. 6.3 V ndi magetsi operekera a filaments a radiolamp. Ndipo ngati, monga lamulo, sakufunikira kusakaniza kulikonse, mwachitsanzo, mu kusungunula ndi kukonzanso, ndiye kusintha kwa ma volt 250 kumayenera kusinthidwa pang'ono. Izi zimafunika ndi chithunzi chogwirizanitsa cha amplifier ku magetsi.

Kuti muchite izi, mugwiritseni ntchito yokonzanso zinthu, zomwe zimakhala ndi madii anayi, ndi zowonongeka - electrolytic capacitors. Ma diode amakulolani kuti muwongole mawonekedwe osinthika ndikupangitsa kukhala kosatha. Ndipo makina opangira zinthu amakhala ndi mbali yosangalatsa. Ngati mukuyang'ana chilolezo chosinthika cha AC ndi DC capacitors (malinga ndi lamulo la Kirchhoff), chinthu chimodzi chikhoza kuwonedwa. Pamene mukugwira ntchito mu ma circuits a DC, capacitor imalowetsedwa ndi kukana.

Koma pamene mukugwira ntchito yowonjezera dera, imatsatiridwa ndi kutalika kwa woyendetsa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati mutayika capac capacitor mu chipangizo choyendera, mudzalandira mpweya wabwino wa DC, chigawo chonse chosinthika chidzawonongeka chifukwa cha zigawo zazing'ono zomwe zimaloledwa m'malo ozungulira.

Zofunikira kwa transformer

Mkhalidwe wofunikira ndi kupezeka kwa chiwerengero chofunikira cha mphepo kuti adye nyemba ndi nyali za nyali. Malingana ndi dera lamagetsi lamagetsi limene amagwiritsiridwa ntchito , magetsi osiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo woyenera ndi 6.3 V. Koma nyali zina, mwachitsanzo G-807, GU-50, zimafuna magetsi a 12.6 V. Izi zimaphatikizapo kapangidwe kake ndipo zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito transformer yayikulu.

Koma ngati mukukonzekera kusonkhanitsa amphamvu pokhapokha pa nyali zachitsulo (6N2P, 6P14P, ndi zina zotero), ndiye palibe kufunika kwa magetsi otere. Samalani ndi miyeso - ngati mukufuna kusonkhanitsa chochepetsera chochepa, mugwiritseni ntchito zowononga okha. Ali ndi vuto limodzi - sizingatheke kupeza mphamvu yapamwamba. Ngati pali funso mu mphamvu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa mtundu wa TS-180, TS-270.

Nyumba za chipangizo

Kwa ma amplifiers otsika kwambiri, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zopangidwa ndi aluminium kapena galvanized, kukwera kwa ma radio ndikumayendetsedwa ndi njira yothandizira. Kupanda kusonkhana kwa chipangizo pa bolodi losindikizidwa - chifukwa cha chisa chotentha pansi pa nyali zimayambanso kuyenda, soldering ikuwonongeka. Kuyanjana kumatha, ndipo ntchito ya ULF imakhala yosasunthika, zowoneka zachilendo zikuwonekera.

Ngati pulojekiti ya transistor imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayambiriro, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kuigwiritsa ntchito pa chidutswa cha textolite - chidzakhala chodalirika kwambiri. Koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ndondomeko ya haibridi kumapangitsa kuti azidya zakudya. Kwa gitala, ULF ikhoza kupangidwira m'ndandanda yamatabwa. Koma mkati mumayenera kuyika chitsime chachitsulo, pomwe chipangizo chonse chidzasonkhanitsidwa. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito zitsulo, chifukwa zimakulolani kuti muteteze modzidzimutsana wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimathetsa kuthekera kwa kudzikonda nokha ndi zosokoneza zina.

Kusintha mawu ndi mawu

Chigawo chophweka chophweka chingathe kuwonjezeredwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu - mpukutu ndi timbu. Olamulira oyambirira amaikidwa mwachindunji ku ULF, ndipo amalola kusintha mtengo wa chizindikiro cholowera. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zosagwirizana zosinthika, zomwe zingagwire ntchito mu ULF. Ndi kusintha kwa chigwirizano, nayenso, mavuto sayenera kuwuka - kusinthika kosagwirizana kumaphatikizidwa mu dera la anode la siteji yoyamba. Chokhacho muyenera kudziwa momwe kayendetsedwe kamapangidwira kuti muwonjezere HF, komanso kuti muwonjezere LF.

Ndizofunika kuchita zonse monga momwe opulitsira mafakitale amachitira, mwinamwake sizikhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka zinthu. Koma iyi ndi njira yosavuta yochezera ma ton tone, ndizomveka kuyika kagulu kakang'ono kamene kangalole kusintha maulendo osiyanasiyana. Maulendo a tube amplifiers angakhale ndi ma modules ang'onoang'ono pa semiconductors - timbres, filters low-pass. Ngati simukufuna kuzimitsa mawu, ndiye kuti akhoza kugula m'masitolo. Mtengo wa zoterezi ndizochepa.

Stereo amplifier

Koma stereo ULF imamvetsera kwambiri kuposa kukondweretsa. Ndipo kuti zikhale zovuta kawiri - ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa wina ULF ndi magawo omwewo. Pamapeto pake, mumapeza zotsatira ziwiri komanso chiwerengero chomwecho. Komanso, magetsi amphamvu amphamvu komanso zoyambira ziyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi, mwinamwake zizindikirozo zidzakhala zosiyana.

Zonsezi ndi zotsutsana ndizofanana m "magawo - ndi zikhulupiliro ndi kulekerera. Chinthu chapadera chokhalira kutsutsana ndizofunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito mapangidwe apakati pazitsulo zonse ndi mphamvu . Mfundo ndi yakuti ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kusintha kwa magawo awiriwa kufanana.

System 2.1

Koma kuti mukhale ndi khalidwe lakumveka, mukhoza kuwonjezera subwoofer, yomwe idzakulitsa maulendo apansi. Pachifukwa ichi, dera lonse la kulumikiza zamagetsi silidzasintha, kokha gawo lachitatu lidzawonjezeredwa. Ndipotu, muyenera kupeza zitatu zofanana kwambiri ndi zamakono zam'manja zamodzi - chimodzi chachitsulo chakumanzere, njira yoyenera, subwoofer.

Chonde dziwani kuti mphamvu ya volume mu subwoofer ndi yosiyana ndi VLF. Izi zidzasintha phindu la phindu. Kuchokera kwa maulendo ena "owonjezera" kumachitika kudzera mu dera losavuta, lomwe limaphatikizapo makina angapo komanso kukana. Koma mungagwiritse ntchito zowonongeka zopangidwa ndi okonzeka, zomwe zimagulitsidwa mu sitolo iliyonse ya zipangizo zailesi.

Kutsiliza

Pamwamba, maulendo amphamvu opangira ma tube amapangidwa, omwe kawirikawiri amavomerezedwa ndi ailesi amatsenga awo. Mwadzidzidzi kuti awapangitse kuti agwire ntchito kwa munthu yemwe angathe kuthana ndi chitsulo chosungunulira ndi zowonjezera. Koma ngati simukusiyanitsa kukana kuchokera kwa capacitor ndipo simukufuna kuphunzira chilichonse, koma choyimitsa chofunika, ndiye bwino kupempha mbuye waluso kuti apange ULF.