Devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika ndi kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi chiyani?

Economy amakhudza muzochitika zones za moyo wa munthu, chifukwa kudziwa mawu ake ndi njira n'kofunika. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kupezeka kwa ndalama wanu chikwama ndipo ayenera kuwagwiritsa ntchito chida malipiro. Komanso, mfundo monga devaluation, kufufuma ndi kusakhulupirika, ndi zambiri amapezeka mu nkhani. Iwo akutanthauza njira zosiyanasiyana zimene kungasokoneze pa vuto la zachuma ya boma. Kumene, ichinso amakhudza munthu wabwino. Ndipo chimodzimodzi zomwe amatenga ndalama kuchokera mu thumba ndipo kumachepetsa awo kugula mphamvu, ayenera kumvetsa mwatsatanetsatane.

devaluation

Kusanthula zimene devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika, muyenera yomweyo kulabadira kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa njira. Werengani m'munsimu. Devaluation - ndi ndondomeko kuchepetsa ndalama chuma ndalama kusinthitsa ndalama kwa ndalama wina kapena kuchepa chiwerengero cha golide mu kuonetsetsa ndalama dziko. Izi chodabwitsa posakonzekera slowdown chitukuko chuma, zomwe zimachititsa kuti n'zosatheka kukhala Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama pa mlingo chomwecho.

M'njira lopapatiza, devaluation - ichi ndi kuchepa kwa phindu la ndalama, kutanthauza mlingo subsidence. Mwachitsanzo, kusinthitsa ndalama kwa ndalama "A" kwa ndalama ya "B" anali 1 1. Kenaka atatha mavuto a zachuma chitukuko cha dziko limene ndalama "A" ntchito chake ndalama kukhala mtengo ndi ndalama za "B". Ndipotu, iye anagwa ndi ndalama za maiko ena onse. chithandizo Izi zimathandiza kuti awulule maganizo "devaluation" mu chilankhulo chomveka.

kusakhulupirika

Pofikira - ndi kukana wa gulu zachuma kuchita kale anatengedwa ngongole kapena maudindo ena ngongole. Vutolo limachitika chifukwa cha zachuma kapena chifukwa devaluation, mkulu kufufuma kapena kulephera kwa kukonzanso chuma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhani, womwe ndi boma, ndi bloc zachuma, kampani kapena munthu sangathe kulipira ngongole chifukwa chosowa ndalama lizigwiritsidwa izi. Kulengeza ndi kusakhulupirika, nkhani amazindikira kulephera ake kulipira, ngakhale kutenga ngongole kungakupatseni kubwerera.

Sam kusakhulupirika angayambe pamene kupeza chuma ngongole alonjeza monga ina anali chikalata. Ndiye iwo mophweka inalandidwa ndi kukhala cholowa cha wokongoza ndi mangawa wobwereka ndi zolembedwa kuchokera. Komabe, palibe ndalama alipire ngongole, iwo analengeza insolvency yake. Kwenikweni, mudzagwiritse chuma zinatha. Zikatha izi ife ayenera kuganizira nkhani, funso zimene zidzachitike mwambo kusakhulupirika kwa zachuma. Werengani m'munsimu.

The devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika mu chuma

Choncho, kodi devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika? The devaluation akuti imatengedwa poyamba awiri: ku maganizo a "golide muyezo" analipo ndipo panopa ufulu (msika) kuwombola kulamulira. Ngati timaona kuti ndalama kusinthitsa ndalama ndi Lamulo kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe za golide, ndi devaluation ndi ndondomeko kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha golide ndi ndalama zakunja mu ndalama kotunga bata ndalama. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi zogwirizana ndi n'chokwana Chinese, mlingo kuwombola omwe si ufulu malamulo, ndi umalamulidwa ndi Bank of China. Ndalama bolodi ndi zowona m'mayiko ena ambiri.

Njira ya ndalama za mayiko ena ufulu msika "navigation". Izi zikutanthauza kuti amafuna ndalama zakunja wagawo amasankha mtengo wake. Izi ndipamene mlingo kuwombola, ndiye phindu la ndalama lina mu ndalama wina. Zikatero, devaluation Kumatanthauza kuchepetsa mlingo wa ndalama imodzi ena onse.

Pofikira, mosiyana devaluation zimachitika kwambiri zowononga chodabwitsa. Ndi kusowa ndalama, zimene ziyenera anabwerera pa ngongole. Mutu, mwachitsanzo kampaniyo, boma kapena munthu payekha, m'pofunika kuzindikira ofikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti patenga nthawi zingapo zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa chuma, koma pa panthawi yoyikidwa palibe kuthekera kwa ulendo wake wobwerera. Pansipa njira izi zonse kuyankha mafunso okhudza zimene devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika, anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.

The generality wa njira kusakhulupirika ndi devaluation

Kuti timvetsetse zimene devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika, ziyenera anaona kuti njira zosiyana ndi mawu. Devaluation - ndi kuchepa kwa phindu la ndalama, ndi kusakhulupirika - kwambiri mavuto azachuma, chiwerengero kupanda imapanga alipire ngongole. Mu njira monga devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika, kusiyana ndi chidwi komanso chifukwa iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito nkhani zosiyanasiyana. The devaluation poyerekezera kokha boma, ndiko kuti, gulu kuti ali dongosolo yake ndalama ndi ndalama. Pofikira - lingaliro ili ndi osamvetseka kwa munthu, kampani kapena boma.

Komabe, mu njira izi, pali zochitika wamba, komanso mfundo za kukhudzana. Ammudzi choyamba - mavuto azachuma: devaluation, kusakhulupirika ndi insolvency zimachitika pamene dongosolo la zachuma. Ammudzi chachiwiri - yaitali kukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha mbiri: onse a pasukuluyi kuchepetsa chikoka cha ndalama kwa ndalama ndi kusunga likulu. The zina mwa mfundo izi ndi zosiyana.

Wosakhazikika Economy: m'njira kwa devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika

Kodi osiyana devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika ndi kumene mfundo awa anakumana? Ngati kusiyana konse bwino, mfundo ya kukhudzana angakhale osiyana kwambiri. Iwo ayenera kuwunikira pa njira mmene chuma cha mayiko ndi chuma underdeveloped. Mwachitsanzo, pali "A" boma ndi chuma ofooka kapena kusokonekera. Mu dziko lino, kutanthauzira unit ndalama, amene pambuyo chiyembekezo chakuti za "muyeso wa golide" operekedwa ndi nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo. Voliyumu ya ndalama wofanana kuchuluka anamasulidwa m'chigawo cha katundu.

Chifukwa cha kumvera pa kulankhula kasamalidwe kusakhazikika chifukwa ziletso pa za chuma kapena malonda katundu ndalama za boma ndi makampani ake yafupika. Ndiye mabizinesi ntchito "yosungira" kapena ayi zokolola yaitali. Pa yomweyo yafupika inflow kuwombola achilendo, zomwe zimafuna ndalama za nkhokwe kuwombola lina kwa malipiro phindu chikhalidwe kapena ubwino ulova. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe za golide amachepetsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dziko lili ndi ochepa nkhokwe kuonetsetsa ndalama. Kwa iye kuchepekela Investor mtima ndiponso chuma ikugwira ntchito ineffectively. Devaluation amapezeka kuti: depreciation wa unit ndalama poyerekezera ndi ndalama za maiko ena.

Njira mwa mavuto

Izi zikachitika, boma kusankha kupeza ngongole kwa ndalama mu chuma. Pamene ngongole zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosaganizira, ndiko Mwachitsanzo, mafanowo si mu olimba a chuma ndipo mtengo wa amasamalidwa bwino kuti chifukwa kuchepa chidaliro mu boma, chifukwa ndi lodziwikiratu: chuma osati restructured, ndipo ngongole mpaka pano, ndi nthawi yoti abwererenso ndalama ngongole. Ngati boma sangathe kulipira ngongole awo pa ngongole kapena ngongole za boma, izo defaults. Ndiye vutoli kuthetsedwa pa mlingo lonse ncholinga kupeza njira yotithandiza chuma, kuti wobwereka ndi obwezeredwa.

devaluation ndi kukhudzana kusakhulupirika mfundo

Malinga ndi chitsanzo pamwamba kungakhale mfundo ziwiri: devaluation kungakhale injini ofikira. Chachiwiri, kusakhulupirika angakhale dalaivala kwa devaluation latsopano. Kuti ndi yadziko chuma komanso kusowa chuma kuthetsa mangawa imfayo devaluation latsopano. Izi otchedwa mfundo zokhudzana ndi mawu awa. Mwa njira, iwo alibe kanthu kochita ndi kufufuma, zomwe ndi m'busa wa mavuto azachuma.

The absurdity ndi maganizo "kusakhulupirika kwa ruble"

olakwika wina ndi ndalama ofikira. Choncho, kodi kusakhulupirika kwa ruble chiyani? zodabwitsazi, zomwe mwina sangakhale kwenikweni zimachitika, ngakhale chiphunzitso n'zotheka. Adzakhululukidwa yodziwika monga kugwa zakuya za ndalama ruble, amene sati amaona njira malipiro kunja. Pakuti ruble adzakhala sangathe kugula ngakhale kochepa ndalama unit wa dziko lina. Ndizimene ruble ofikira. Ngati mukukumbukira Solzhenitsyn anagwira mawu izo lidzaonekera uno: pakuti ruble athu adzatha wofu- "nkhope".

Zotsatira za devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika pa chuma

devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika mu mawu mmene chuma ndi kuyenda bwino malipiro a mabungwe a zachuma ndi chiyani? Devaluation ndi ndondomeko ya boma (kapena chikopa) chilolezo chakuti ndalama dziko ndi ofunika zosakwana zina, ndipo ndalama ziziyenda yake kapena kulibe, kapena kudzipatula kwawo si zomveka. Chifukwa ndi chifooke ndalama, kuwonjezera phindu la ndalama zina ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, kuchepetsa kudalira chuma ndalama za dziko.

Pofikira ndi njira imene "manyazi" chuma pamaso pa ndalama. Ndiye ndalama ndi untenable kwa ndalama, kuyambira devaluation ndi kusakhulupirika ndi limodzi mwa akadali kuwuka mlingo wa kufufuma. Ndalama pamene kugulitsidwa zochepa kwambiri kuposa kale. Zinaoneka ngakhale m'dzikoli, makamaka ngati nthaŵi zonse "makina osindikizira" nkhani ya banknotes latsopano. Mwa njira, devaluation alibe mphamvu pa chuma zoweta ngati sikudalira pa katundu. Ndipo kufufuma chimawononga amakhudza.

zotsatira zabwino ndi zoipa malonda a devaluation

Mu devaluation ali zotsatira zabwino ndi zoipa. Komabe, mosakayikira, tiyenera akulozera kuchepa mitengo ya katundu katundu. Boma, lomwe devalued, amagulitsa katundu kudziko lina ndi amadwala ndi wolimba kuwombola, m'malo kupeza mankhwala ake. Zida izi ndi ndalama zambiri ndithu.

Komanso alendo mankhwala amenewa ndi mtengo kwambiri kuposa ogulidwa kuchokera m'mayiko chuma bwino anayamba. Ichi ndi chinthu cha kuchuluka mpikisano ku misika ya kunja. Kodi kuchita pamene devaluation mu nkhani iyi? Ndi yosavuta: ntchito ndi kugulitsa. Fufuzani ndi kusiyanitsa misika komanso kuyesetsa kubweza poponda pa iwo. Kusiya ogwira ntchito kudziko lina komanso zimathandiza kuti ndalama zambiri, ngakhale njira izi amawononga chifanizo cha dziko ndi likuoneka kuti "outflow nzeru" kunja.

The mavuto a devaluation malonda

Zotsatira zoipa devaluation ndi kuwuka kwambiri mtengo wa katundu. Kodi boma ndi devaluation chiyani? The bwino kuti ambiri kudziteteza ku imports kudzera inatha M'MALO. njira iyi ndiyo woyenera komanso kuwapatsa chifukwa zimathandiza kuti asagwiritse outflow ya chuma ndalama zakunja a dongosolo banki dziko zogwirizana ndi. Komabe, pamene boma sangabereke mankhwala ena Mwachitsanzo, mbali ya chakudya, izo akadali amakakamizidwa kugula iwo. Apo ayi, anthu loyang'anizana njala. Chinthu cha chitatu chimene boma sayenera kuchita ndi kusindikiza ndalama zambiri. Sitepe kale kuwawa msika zoweta ndi yotithandiza onse devaluation latsopano ndi kufufuma.

Kuti madokotala ananena zawo kwa devaluation

Mu 2015, a ruble "anamasulidwa" mu "ufulu akuyandama" ndipo malamulo paokha, malingana akumufuna. Pambuyo pake, mlingo wake mtanda pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka, pa makhalidwe akadali ndi njakata ndale. mapulani boma - kuyamba kulandira malipiro mphamvu yekha mu rubles. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi chokha - njira pa chitukuko cha chuma chofunika. Mwamwayi, si ofikira. Ndi chiyani icho? Mu mawu osavuta, ndi mchitidwe wa zachuma amene tichipeza zigawo zingapo.

Choyamba, devaluation wa ruble amatsogolera kukula kwa ndalama za maiko ena onse. chuma Russian tsopano pafupifupi 45% zigwirizana dollars. ndalama Ichi chikudziwika, si mothandizidwa ndi golide, ndi kutengedwa ndi mayiko ena monga malo pambuyo kusalandira "muyeso wa golide." rubles Russian ndi nkhokwe kuwombola m'mayiko ena mu maiko ena. The devaluation ya dollar limachititsa kuti chuma alipo m'chigawo nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo kugula kwambiri chuma ruble a dziko ndi kuwabweretsa ku Russia.

Chifukwa, wozengereza kuwerengetsera mafuta ndi gasi Pakufunika ogula koyamba kugula rubles kwa ndalama zawo, ndipo kenako nkubwerera iwo monga malipiro. Chinthu chachikulu ndi ndalama kusinthitsa ndalama adzakhala mkulu chifukwa ankafuna kwambiri chifukwa cha izo. Imeneyo ndiyo nthawi yaitali madokotala ananena zawo, ndipo izi n'zimene likuoneka devaluation wa ruble mu yaitali. Koma kwa kanthawi kochepa kuti angathe kuyambitsa kusakhulupirika wina.

Kodi anthuwo Kodi

Zonse zimene likuoneka devaluation wa ruble, sangakhoze kukhala wokondwa kwambiri ndi zosaphika zipangizo chuma. Zoopsa ndi zotsatira chabe za kusakhulupirika, umene n'zotheka ndi amphamvu mwachilungamo mofulumira devaluation. Anthu mu nthawi ino n'kofunika kusankha kulandira ngongole. Ndalama ndalama analola kusunga muyezo wa chikhalidwe ndi momwe izo ziriri lero. Komabe, ayenera kumvetsa kuti vutoli akhoza litenge kwa zaka zoposa 5.

Imeneyi, njira kwambiri woyenera ndi kupulumutsa katundu wanu zofunika: malo ndi magalimoto. Kugula katundu kapena dziko m'madera zingamuthandize kuti ntchitoyi kwambiri kuonjezera likulu wanu. Enawo, n'kofunika kukhala molingana chuma chawo, kuonetsetsa kuti malipiro ndi chokwanira. Ndipo pamene padzakhala kusakhulupirika, anthu nazonso si bwanji ngati izo ziri, ndithudi, izo si pa manja a boma nsinga ngongole. Mosiyana ndi devaluation kusakhulupirika kuti ndi maonekedwe a zinthu boma kusakhulupirika kusiya achikulire. Pamene enawo, ndi kusakhulupirika ndi devaluation sanali bwanji zofuna za anthu, musagwiritsire ntchito ndalama ndi katundu, pamene ikuyenda mlingo kufufuma.