Donato Bramante - yotamandika kwambiri wamanga wa ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Donato Di Paskuchchi d'Antonio (1444-1514), imadziwika Bramante wa ambuye kwambiri Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Amabadwira mu dzuwa ndi buluu mu Italy, ndi abwenzi ubwana ndi zipilala yabwino Kale, iwo analenga ntchito osati lalikulu la zojambulajambula, ndi lonse lothandiza mbiri.

Chiyambi cha zilandiridwenso

Donato, amene anakulira m'banja wamba mu duchy wa Urbino, anayamba kuphunzira kupenta ndipo akwaniritsa bwino mmaonekedwe nthawi mural, amene amalenga Musamadzinamize malo owonjezera. Koma ngati mwana, malinga ndi wolemba mbiri yake Dzhordzho Vazari, anali ndi chidwi Masamu ndi kuchita masamu kuti amangire nyumba.

Ngakhale kuti anthu Donato Bramante, yonena wake uli kutali wathunthu. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zaka zoyambilira za katswiri wa zomangamanga zimasowa kwambiri, koma ife tikudziwa kuti iye anayenda maulendo ataliatali, kuchita malamulo zazing'ono Urbino, Bergamo, Mantua, Florence ndi zina Italy mizinda. The chifukwa chachikulu cha masana izi ndi zimene zinachitikira ndi chidziwitso kuti apangidwa osati pa ntchito, koma nawonso anakopeka ndi misonkhano ndi ambuye chabwino cha nthawi imeneyo.

Mu bwalo lalikulu

Zilandiridwenso unakopedwa Bramante mapulani wotchuka, amisiri ndi Osema la Italy: Filippo Brunelleschi, Ercole de A 'Roberti, Andrea Mantegna ndi ena. Kwambiri kuti Donato anali kukumana ndi Leonardo da Vinci, amene anali kugwirizana. Koma zinachitika kenako pamene Bramante wasanduka otchuka mbuye. Pamodzi ndi Leonardo, anagwira mapulani nkhani nyali kapangidwe - wapadera pokha-pa mzikiti wa nyumba yomwe osati amagwiranso ntchito kukongoletsa, komanso anali kuwala ndi mpweya wabwino.

makalasi kupenta

Nthawi yoyamba ya ntchito chithunzicho wakhala kugwirizana ndi kupenta, ngakhale ndiye Bramante zimapangitsa waona komanso zithunzi za mabwinja akale komanso akuyandikira waona komanso zithunzi za nyumba.

Zojambulazo yekha kupulumuka ndi mbuye ndi "Khristu pa ndime" - penti pa nkhuni Abbey Chiaravalle, pafupi Milan. chithunzicho anatha kulenga chenicheni kwambiri ndiponso oopsa chithunzi kuti wowerenga ali amphamvu maganizo amadza. Chithunzi yokha umaonetsa chibadidwe Donato Bramante luso njira - kulenga nkhambakamwa za danga lalikulu.

Chokongoletsera Interiors nthawizonse kwachititsa Donato kuposa kupenta nkhani ndi luso la malo mapulani fano kwakhudza ntchito ya amisiri Italy ngati Ambrogio Bergognone, Bernardo Dzenale ndi ena.

Koma amakopeka ndi zomangamanga anali wamphamvu ndi zaka 80 mbuye anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa malowa. Cardinal Ascanio Sforza anafotokoza Donato Bramante, amene zochita kuzindikirike, ndipo anamupempha kuti Milan.

Mpingo wa Santa Maria presso San Zotengera

Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba azikapanga okha yomangidwa ndi Bramante. Linamangidwa m'zaka XI, koma mbuyanga kwathunthu kachiwiri anakonza ndi kumangidwanso nyumba, kupanga ntchito anapanga latsopano yomanga, pamodzi ndi wotchuka Giovanni Amadeo.

mpingo inamangidwa mwambo wa oyambirira Florence Kubadwa Kwatsopano Koma mumaganiza latsopano zayamba kale kuoneka, komanso Lyubov Donato Bramante kuti zomangamanga wakale.

Mkati mwa Mpingo, makamaka Chisansikiriti (malo pa guwa, chimene chikutsimikizira zovala za ansembe ndi ziwiya), nayenso anali ndi Bramante. Pali kuoneka bwino unsembe wa mmisiri, okhazikika ndi chithunzi mkati. Kuchepa kwa malo saloledwa kuchita mu makolasi mpingo wonse, ndi wamanga walenga njira penti ndi nkhambakamwa za danga nasolola kolasi pa imodzi mwa makoma.

Kale mu kamangidwe ka ntchito yake yoyamba mapulani Donato anasonyeza mlengi kwambiri.

Mpingo wa Santa Maria delle Grazie

Ndinu adzaupereka kwa nyumba zokongola kwambiri za Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Poyamba, mpingo inamangidwa mogwirizana ndi malamulo a Gothic, koma Bramante anapangidwa kwa zomangamanga, kusintha kwakukulu, monga apse patatu ndi Kukhonde ndi mizati kalembedwe Korinto. Chotero zosayembekezereka Gothic nyumba zowonjezera kuti anapanga mpingo mapulani wapadera kwathunthu yomanga.

The ntchito ntchitoyi anasonyeza am'deramo za ziwiri ambuye wamkulu wa ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Leonardo da Vinci utoto pa khomo la medallion mpingo zosonyeza Madonna. Ndipo zosowa ndi woyang'anira wolemekezeka pafupi ndi Virgin Mary anaika chithunzi Lodoviko Sfortsa ndi mkazi wake.

Nyengo ya Aroma ya zilandiridwenso

Mu September 1499, asilikali a ku France wotanganidwa Milan, ndi Bramante ku Roma, kumene Papa Julius II anamuika kukhala malo wamanga mkulu wa Vatican.

Motsogoleredwa Donato Bramante anamanga Arcade matchalitchi angapo, izo amalenga pabwalo yaikulu Belvedere Palace Kanchelleriya amakonzekera, nawo ntchito yomanga nyumba ya bwalo ndi mamangidwe a tchalitchi cha St. Peter. Koma pachimake cha luso lake si awa nyumba yaikulu, ndipo tchalitchi kakang'ono.

Tempetto ku San Pietro mu Montorio

Izi ang'onoang'ono zozungulira rotunda, anamanga kumene anapachikidwa Apostol Petr, chimodzi cha zolengedwa bwino kuti analengedwa mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano mapulani Italy.

Tempetto zogwirizana kwambiri ndipo wina akhoza kunena, abwino kwa maganizo a mawonekedwe a kamangidwe kake. Mwatsoka, chifukwa cha narrowness a m'bwalo la Republic obisika pachithunzipa yopemphereramo mu moyenera ndi zovuta, ndipo palibe chithunzi alibe kusonyeza kukongola kwake.

Mkati mwa rotunda ndi zinkachitikanso ndi Bramante ntchito. Apa, kupereka sewero chathunthu luntha lake ndi wamanga ndi zojambulajambula.

Donato Bramante anafa April 11, 1514 ku Roma, ndipo alibe nthawi kumaliza ntchito kwambiri wofuna moyo wake - ntchito za tchalitchi cha St. Peter. Udindo wa wojambula chapadera mu chitukuko cha Kubadwa Kwatsopano zomangamanga si kwenikweni kusiyana chopereka Leonardo da Vinci ndi Raphael ndi chithunzi ndi chosema ndi Michelangelo.