Kamangidwe ka Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 15-16 mu Europe panali dongosolo zatsopano zomangamanga - Kubadwa Kwatsopano kalembedwe. Mu njira ina, ngati inu mukudziwa, ino - pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Kamangidwe ka kusintha nthawi ndi kusintha chifukwa cha pophatikizana ndi chikoka tonse miyambo m'dera akavalidwe watsopano umene wabwera kuchokera kunja. Kubadwa Kwatsopano - ndi amazipanga kusintha kwakukulu osati luso komanso m'munda zachuma ndi chikhalidwe pafupifupi maiko onse European. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mlili olakwika kutsindika m'munda wa zamalonda, mapangidwe malo atsopano mafakitale ndi malonda chifukwa atulukira Africa American, kulimbikitsa Turkey mu Balkans, kusintha lofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi mfundo.

Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, izo kukodzedwa kwambiri ndi chidziwitso chozamachi a dziko, wakhala tcheru kwambiri za udindo wa munthu mu dziko ndi dziko. Munthu abwino tsopano - zimaphunzitsa, mphamvu wofuna munthu amene, ngati n'koyenera, akhoza molimba mtima amanena za ufulu wawo kusintha komanso kusintha dziko. Adanyamuka anayamba kulimbikitsa latsopano kalasi - ndi bourgeoisie, amene kuyesera kulenga ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo zawo. Khalani malangizo zatsopano mu sayansi, luso, mabuku, nthano, ndipo, ndithudi, zomangamanga. M'madera onsewa, anthu amaipidwa ku cholowa akale amene akufotokoza yoweyula chidwi ndi luso lakalekale ndi zomangamanga.

Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito luso akale ndi ulemerero makina yomanga Kubadwa Kwatsopano zomangamanga ndi chitukuko kugwirizana ndi kusintha zaluso sakanakhala zotheka. Tikumbukenso kuti m'zaka za m'ma 15 wakhala mphamvu kwambiri ya mamangidwe Byzantine ndi mapulani a m'tawuni, zomwe zachititsa kuti Nyumba Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mosakayikira, Nyumba ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano anatanthauza ndi atsopano kotheratu, siteji osiyana kwathunthu cha chitukuko cha zomangamanga mdziko. Lodziwika anali kuwonjezeka lonse wa zomangamanga yolembedwa ndi boma, akachisi ndi matchalitchi anayamba kuyang'ana osiyana. Chilakolako cha mapulani ntchito cha m'ma 15-16 yomanga mwachindunji panjira kutsatira njira zakale ndi njira zili kubalana wa zinthu kukongoletsa ndi chilolezo-ndalama.

Kamangidwe ka Kubadwa Kwatsopano anali yodziwika ndi yeniyeni, kuphatikiza kusukulu lolondola ndi mfundo yomanga ndi kutalika, monga izo zinaliri kalelo. Mu oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano kukongoletsa zodzikongoletsera ndi zokongoletsa yokongola achita mbali yofunika kwambiri, koma pakati ndi mochedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, udindo wa zinthu izi yafupika.

Kamangidwe ka Kubadwa Kwatsopano sanali kukhala uniformly m'mayiko onse, ngakhale mu Italy - panali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa boma. Ndicho - mu Venice ndi lonse gawo kumpoto kwa dzikolo ntchito njira kukongoletsa anali yokulirapo.

Dziko lirilonse mu Europe anali ndi makhalidwe komanso peculiarities wa zomangamanga. Komabe, mungathe kufufuza ndi zizindikiro zina wamba. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyiratu maziko nyama mwala wa kapangidwe Gothic ndi makonda la dongosolo latsopano structural - losavuta, ndithu kusintha, ndalama ndipo ngakhale facilitates ntchito ya katswiri wa zomangamanga. Mlatho vaulted ndi njerwa makoma (mtanda, torispherical, chilikupita, ndithu, ndi mzikiti ozungulira) ntchito zinthu tsankho mu mtengo kudenga matabwa apansi zomangamanga, kudenga mu madenga sloped. Pakuti akukumana njerwa ntchito pulasitala, nsangalabwi, mwala. akalowa uyu anali zaluso ndi phindu pulasitiki. Ndipo mmene chilengedwe ndi zokongoletsa zokongoletsera kuchokera pachiyambi anali wamba pafupifupi m'mayiko onse.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano zomangamanga sikutanthauza chabe kulenga maofesi okongola ndi zinchito, komanso kupereka kufunika kwa wolemba - katswiri wojambula ali ndi makhalidwe wapadera. Mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano zomangamanga muyaya lolembedwa mayina a olamulira chachikulu - Bramante, Alberti, Brunelleschi, Bramonte, Delorme, Michelangelo, HERRERA, Jones.