Mannerism - umenewu mu chikhalidwe cha Ulaya m'zaka 16-17

Mannerism - ichi kayendedwe luso zingapo za ku Ulaya m'zaka 16-17. Zotsatira anatuluka mu mochedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, ndipo ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti anali zimachitika kuti chiwerengero cha luntha la mavuto mu nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

General maonekedwe a chi

Mannerism - siteji kusinthika kuchokera ku Middle Ages kwa oyambirira masiku ano. Zinali khumi zovuta mbiri ya mayiko Western European. Ndipotu, ngati panali mapangidwe makina atsopano umoyo ndale zachuma. Zonsezi zinachitika chifukwa cha khalidwe la nkhondo onse amene iye anawapatsa mapangano zankhondo ndiponso zandale ndipo ngakhale midadada lonse la limanenera. Mkati, mayiko pakhala kusintha kwakukulu kugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa dongosolo capitalist.

Komanso, ophunzira anthu a nthawi imeneyo anali makamaka wodabwa ndi n'kosakhudzana ndi kuwonongedwa kwa Rome mu 1527. Onse kusintha zinthu zimenezi zimakhudza maganizo a magulu ophunzira. Mannerism - mtundu wa anachita vuto la zolinga a anthu kuti alemekeze mwamuna ndi kukhalako kwake. Choncho, amisiri ambiri, Osema ndi mapulani amene ayamba kusakasaka latsopano mu ntchito yake.

Features mayendedwe

kalembedwe latsopano unachokera mu Italy ndipo kenako kufalikira ku m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ku Ulaya. Choyamba mfundo zake onse anayamba kugawa ojambula ku France ndi Netherlands. Am'derali amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: chilakolako kusonyeza chiyanjano cha mawonekedwe akunja ndi wauzimu, elongation ndi elongation mizere, nkhawa zikhoza. Ichi ndi chosiyana maganizo a wosatsutsana Kubadwa Kwatsopano amisiri amene anafuna kusonyeza bata ndi ntchito yake, makamaka chisamaliro cha mitundu Kugwirizana mu zikuchokera.

Mu chosema, mbuye anayamba kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa plasticity kukongola. zomangamanga linanenanso kupanda mogwirizana m'njira khalidwe wa nyengo ya m'mbuyomu.

ndi chithunzi

School of Painting ku Italy, anakhala woyambitsa wa malangizo atsopano. Kutacha mizinda ngati Florence, Mantua. Lotchuka kwambiri anthu ake anali Vasari, Giulio Romano ndi ena. Chifukwa ojambula, zojambula za malowa amakhala ndi zikuchokera zovuta, ndi kuchulukana lanthano, yapadera, kuwala mitundu. nkhani anali osiyanasiyana, koma mmodzi wa chitsutso chachikulu chinali chikondi cha chikondi kumwamba ndi padziko lapansi. Zamizimu anali ankaikira ntchito zambiri za amisiri.

sukulu yake kupenta yapangidwa France (Fontainebleau). Ambiri amisiri Dutch akutsatira olemba Italy. M'dera limeneli panali chidwi kutsitsimutsa chithunzi chivalrous ndi mitu akale.

Chosema ndi nyumba

Mannerism pa zomangamanga nayenso analandira chitukuko lonse. Pakuti nyumba kalembedwe imeneyi amakhala ndi kuphwanya kufanana ndi mizere ya pamakoma a. Mapulani adafuna amatipatsa mphamvu ya nkhawa wowerenga chimene kachitidwe zimaonekera nyengo, ndicho vuto la makhalidwe Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi imfa ya lingaliro la mgwirizano ndi mtendere. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha nyumba kalembedwe imeneyi ndi Laurentian Library ku Florence (Mlembi - Michelangelo). kalembedwe chomwechi anali lathuli mu Mantua dera, komanso loggia mu nyumba ya zomera mu Uffizi.

Mannerism - siteji Transitional pakati pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Baroque. Mu chosema, ife anati mliriwu monga zomangamanga ndi kupenta. Nthumwi olemekezeka ndi B. Cellini. ntchito Yake yodziwika ndi kukongola akukokomeza ndi kuukonza, ngakhale pretentiousness ena mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu.

Ikani mu chikhalidwe

Mannerism - ili ndi gawo lofunika mu mbiri ya luso. Akatswiri ambiri amaona kuti zoyamba za Rococo ndi oyambirira Baroque. Kumene, magulu ambiri a azimuth zimenezi zinakhudza Inde wotsatira. Baroque, mwachitsanzo, anatenga kuchokera malangizo mitundu fussy, Kuvuta zikuchokera Rococo - kukongola ndi mchitidwe wachisomo mafano. Nthawi zambiri, mannerism mu luso zithunzi, ngakhale zinthu zonse pamwamba pa njira - zosiyana kwambiri yotakata ndipo lotayirira.

Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito za Kubadwa Kwatsopano ojambula zithunzi kuti inachokera mbali ya kalembedwe imeneyi. Rafael ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa woyamba anachoka mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi wa classicism n'kuyamba kanjedza wake elongation. Mu zojambula za Leonardo da Vinci, pali makhalidwe ena amene amaneneratu mannerism: anagogomeza kudziŵa za ena zithunzi ndi finesse wapadera, uzimu.

zotsatira

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Mannerism omwazika kudziwa mfundo za chilengedwe luso. Ndipotu, azimuth watsopano waoneka pamene mitundu tingachipeze powerenga za Kubadwa Kwatsopano amaona chitsanzo chabwino. Komatu chidwi n'chakuti mannerism anali wotchuka kwambiri m'zaka 20. Pali ngakhale chiphunzitso cha "neomanerizm" imene ambiri amadziwira ngati potsanzira ena ojambula zithunzi chi malangizo. Pali view kuti azimuth chakukhudza luso zoweta nthawi ya Silver Age. The zifukwa kukopa ichi chiyenera kupezeka mwa chakuti mannerism anali siteji Transitional pakati pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Baroque. Iye Akasakaniza mu chirengedwe, kotero m'njira ina chilengedwe. Masiku ano Mannerism chidwi mitundu zachilendo ndipo chongoyerekeza, m'maganizo a njira, komanso kusaka mphamvu kwa mitundu.