Dongosolo dziko kufotokoza: France. France: mbiri ya dziko. France zipilala za chikhalidwe

France - limodzi la mayiko yakale kwambiri mu dziko, amene anapanga, tinganene, mu mtima wa Europe. Ndiyamika malo ake yabwino Hrs monga momwe mbiri ya linakhalapo, izo amene wakwanitsa kuyamwa miyambo ndi wa anthu ambiri amene ankakhala ku dera, awo mafuko amene anapambana wake m'dziko, ndipo anthu amene anali ndi ubale wabwino. Kwa wowerenga zambiri mosavuta ndi zovuta kumvetsa, kuyesera kuti ndikuuzeni inu zonse za izo. Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito yosavuta kulongosola za dongosolo la dziko. France wabweretsedwa pamaso pathu mu amati wake wakale kuti unali wachilendo kwa nyengo ya kutali, ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono kubwera mpaka pano.

Prehistory

M'masiku amenewo, pamene kum'mwera ku Ulaya asangalala chikhalidwe wakale, pa malire a m'chigawo cha kumpoto ndi kunyumba zambiri mafuko zakutchire, zimene, ngakhale kuti anali njira zawo za moyo, koma sanafune kubveka dzikoli limodzi. Nthawi imeneyi, malo atsopano a France ankatchedwa mbiri isanayambe Brittany, monga kumene kuli anthu ambiri Bretons. Kenako, mtundu wawo anali anaphatikizana ndi Aselote, Gauls ndi Iberians, chimaonedwabe makolo a anthu onse amene tsopano anakakhala France. Mbiri ya dziko pa nthawi imeneyi kwambiri ndi kulankhulana kulemba yokha, mafuko awa anali, ndipo mfundo zonse zimene zingachititse Akatswiri amakono, zochokera yekha pa monoliths kutumikira monga zipilala mbiri ya nthawi imeneyo, ndi katundu wa m'nyumba.

Brittany kusintha kwa nkhanza kwa masiku amakedzana

Amadziwika kuti aliyense kuti mbali yaikulu ya Ulaya mpaka Ages Middle anali anthu ankhanza. Zinali nazonso ndipo dziko ndi France, amene pa nthawi ya maziko a Western Roma anali kale kwathunthu asezare ndi Gauls. Pang'onopang'ono, anthu awa amagwira chitukuko, iwo anaonekera zake ndi maloto, koma pachimake mu chikhalidwe iwo afika. Mfumu wa Roma Gayo Yuliy Tsezar, pamodzi ndi ambiri limati ndi madera ena, imawalamulira, mayiko amenewa, amene anadziwika monga Gau. Kuyambira pamenepo, anthu ameneŵa anayamba kulankhula Chilatini, zomwe kwambiri wothira m'zilembo za lokolo. Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti nthawi imene anabadwa chinenero chamakono French.

Ages Middle

Akukhulupirira kuti ambiri mdima ndi wachisoni zinachitika inayambira mu chaka 486 - pa nthawi imene kugwa kwa Western Roma. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dziko lathu zikusintha ndi dongosolo mafotokozedwe. France kenako pansi pa ulamuliro wa Afulanki, anthu amene walunjika Clovis. Iye anapereka m'mayiko lotchedwa "Wachifulanki boma" ndipo anakhala woyambitsa wa woyamba wa Merovingian mafumu. Dzina wotchuka uyu akutsatiridwa ndi chimodzimodzi lodziwika mu masamba a mbiriyakale ya anthu August - Carolingians. woyambitsa wawo, Pepin Short ndi mwana wake Karl Veliky analenga boma amazipanga amphamvu kwambiri amene anali ndi mbali yaikulu ya Ulaya ndipo ali kwambiri okhazikika chuma ndiponso asilikali.

Mapangidwe malire ano ndi dongosolo la boma

M'zaka za m'ma 10, boma lili ku dera la kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, mwalamulo analandira dzina la France. zipilala Cultural amene anamangapo - mipingo ambiri ndi nyumba kalembedwe Romanesque. Ngakhale okhala zogona, misewu anapanga m'mizinda ikuluikulu (Paris, Orleans), zinamangidwa Romanized kwathunthu nyumba pang'ono madenga conical ndi makonde mwachindunji. Against maziko a mmene zikuchitikazo mpingo ndi chikhalidwe yakale ya dziko, nakhala nkhondo zambiri. France adalowa nkhondo ndi Italy, Germany ndi England, koma wotchuka kwambiri mbiri yake kukhala Nkhondo za Mtanda. Magwero, zimayambitsa ndi zinsinsi zonse zimene ankakumana pa njira ya Ankhondo wolimba akhoza kulankhula kwa zaka. Koma posonyeza mwachidule mbiri ya nthawi imeneyi, tiona kuti akamanena za nkhondo mu chikhulupiriro Akhristu, limene mobwerezabwereza kuti atsimikizire ndipo ngakhale oletsa munthu aliyense padziko lapansi.

Maphunziro ndi Reformation

Mu zaka wotsatira boma waona zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, amene anakhudzidwa m'magulu onse a moyo. Choncho, masiku onse pansipa, ife kupereka mwachidule, kuwasonkhanitsa iwo okha imafotokoza za mapulani a pa dziko. France kuyambira 1598 wopyoza achepetse ambiri, oimira amene anamenya ngati magazi a m'gawo alipo, ndi nkhondoyo. Kotero, anatsika chakuti mu 1789 panali French kuukira boma ndi zotsatira zake zinali kugawanika wanyumbayi. Pambuyo ufumu yoyamba imene mutu anatembenuka Napoleon analengeza. Pambuyo unagonjetsedwa ndi mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, komanso Egypt, anakumana kugonjetsedwa ku Russia mu 1812, ndipo ufumu wake linagawanika. Kuyambira 1814 mpaka 1830 dziko wakhala anazindikira mwa mafumu wapawiri, anayambitsa omwe anakhala Lyudovik XVIII ndi Charles X. Komabe, kuyambira pamenepo boma unatha kuti zimangokhala nkhondo, kusintha ndi litigation ena, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukhala kabwerebwere masiku ano dongosolo.

Anthu a France lero

Lero, chiwerengero cha anthu akukhala chokhala ndi zigawo France, avareji 65 miliyoni. Pakati pa mizinda yaikulu ankaona kwambiri urbanized Paris, Lyon ndi Marseille. Chochititsa chidwi mutu ndi mbali ya anthu French, popeza kuti palibe chinthu monga "dziko" kapena "mtundu" mu dziko ayi. Izo zinandipangitsa kukhulupirira kuti 90 peresenti ya anthu okhala m'dzikoli - ndi mtundu French. Otsala 10% ali wotanganidwa Chiameniya Ayuda ndi Chiburetoni, Chikatalani, Alsatians, Corsicans ndi Flemings.

Chipembedzo ndi chinenero nkhani

Tsopano kuyesera kuti potengera zikuchokera mtundu wa chinenero, komanso dziko achipembedzo kufotokoza dongosolo. France - voti kwambiri ndi ufulu boma, lomwe isagwe asatengere iliyonse ya mpingo kapena mabungwe ena. Chikhalidwe yakale komanso kusowa kwa malamulo okhwima ndiye anakhala maziko zikamera lokhala wosasangalala wosakhulupirira anthu, ndipo nthawi zina kulibe Mulungu. Komabe, 31% ya France anatsimikizira kuti iwo akukhulupirirabe mwa Mulungu, kapena mphamvu apamwamba. Pankhani chinenero cha boma, anthu ambiri amayankhula French. Mu m'madera akumidzi ndi maiko anthu ntchito m'zilembo, zochokera German, Chikosika ndi Chitaliyana.