Dziko Lebanon likulu, mbiri, zithunzi

Dziko Lebanon m'mbiri yake yaitali, wakhala vyakujumpha za nkhondo zoopsa kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake kamodzi wolemera boma lero amatchedwa kuleza mtima. Koma, ngakhale kupweteka onse adamva zowawa, Lebanon amene wakwanitsa kusunga chikhalidwe yake yapadera, ndi zigwa zake ndi mapiri, paini minda ndi magombe komanso mbiri ndi mapulani zipilala zimene zimachititsa alendo padziko lonse.

madera

Dziko Lebanon, lomwe zambiri akhala akugwira alendo akukonzekera amathera awo maholide m'gawo lake, kugombe la kum'mawa kwa ofunda Mediterranean Sea. Malo okwana dziko lino ka mamita lalikulu 10.452. Km.

Mayiko kumalire Lebanon? Kumpoto ndi kum'mawa lili m'malire ofanana ndi Syria, ndi kumwera - ndi Israel. chakum'mawa kwa dziko la Lebanon tinatchulidwa ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Lebanon ali conventionally ogaŵikana anayi zikuchepa zosiyana physiographic dera. Zikuphatikizapo Saroni ndi mapiri amene ali ndi mayina ofanana ndi dzina la kumidzi, Bekaa Valley ndi Anti-Lebanon mapiri. The chimbuzi mu dziko Middle East ali pamwamba pa lokwera Kurnes al-Saud. phiri ili limatuluka pamwamba pa nthaka pa mamita 3083.

Pakati pa mitsinje yambiri mu Lebanon ali motalikitsa. Iye wotchedwa Litani. mtsinje uwu ndi 140 kuchokera nthawi umadutsa zigawo chapakati ndi kum'mwera kwa dzikoli. Ndi Lebanon ochokera m'mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Hasbani ndi Orontes. Kuwonjezera dziko lino, iwo madzi awo pa Israel ndi Syria.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, mawu akuti "Lebanon" likuchokera ku mwambo wakale Persian "quince". Kumasulira amatanthauza "vaulted chipinda" kapena "bwalo zipilala la."

Pali buku lina, chimene, likulu la Lebanon, dzina ndi Ahebri akale. Ndi m'chinenero chawo ayenera kuyang'ana kwa mizu ya anangotchula wa dziko lino Middle East. Kumasulira kwa iye mau "Lebanon" limatanthauza "phiri loyera".

m'mbiri yakale

Dziko Lebanon anali wokongola ndi odzafuna pofika m'zaka za m'ma 10. BC. e. Ndipo pambuyo 7 zaka pa m'gawo lake anayamba kuoneka woyamba mzinda-limati, mbali yaikulu ya anthu omwe anali amalonda ndi amalinyero.

Pa gombe Mediterranean Afoinike anakhazikitsa tawuni yawo. Panalibe ulamuliro centralized. N'chifukwa chake kusunga ulamuliro wa anthu ntchito mphamvu ndi nzeru ya ndale za mzinda-limati. Afoinike anali aluso ndi oyamba kuyambitsa zilembo. fuko lino nazo zombo wake wangwiro ndi luso amalinyero. amalonda ake kubwera tsidya kwa Spain, Egypt, Northern Europe ndi kugombe la Afrika. amalonda Foinike akhagulisa galasi ndi wotchuka wofiirira nsalu. Koma makamaka kufunika pakati ogula akadali ntchito mitengo ya mkungudza kuti anathyola otsetsereka a Lebanon. Kuyambira zaka zikwizikwi mbiya za mtengo umenewu wamphamvu anamanga zombo kwambiri. Madera aakulu a Lebanon m'masiku amenewo anali m'mizinda monga Sidoni, Turo Byblos ndi Berytus (azipereka Beirut).

Foinike malonda okhawo anawonongedwa ndi Asuri mu m'ma 9. BC. e. Pafupi mayiko amenewa anabwera neovavilonyane, ndipo m'zaka 6. BC. e., iwo anali m'malo ndi Aperisiya. The 4-m. BC. e. dziko unagonjetsedwa Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Pambuyo boma kuti Foinike potsiriza sanali kumusamalira. 1-m. BC. e. loyandikana Egypt ndi Syria anagonjetsa Rome. Foinike anadza pansi pa mphamvu ya Aisiraeli. Dera la boma Mediterranean anakhala mbali ya chigawo cha Asiriya.

Nyengo yatsopano

Pakati pa zaka 634 ndi 639. pa maiko Mediterranean Aluya anafika. Iwo anagonjetsa Syria, kutembenuzira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Foinike mzinda-limati m'midzi yaing'ono. Aluya zikukangalika kumene kuli m'mapiri a dziko, kuphunzira wapatali nthaka yachonde ili kumeneko.

The 4-m. BC. e. Lebanon anakhala mbali ya Ufumu wa Byzantine. m'gawo lake chakhala chikutenga malo ake a Chikhristu. Komabe, zaka zambiri Lebanon ankalamulidwa ndi Umayyads. Iwo anali a woyamba mafumu aakulu Muslim, ndi anabzala anthu chipembedzo chawo. Chifukwa, mu dziko panali kusiyana kawirikawiri pakati kumbali ya chikhulupiriro ndi Akhristu a m'derali komanso Ayuda. Kalikiliki anali Maronites Suriya, zifukwa tawuni yawo pafupi ndi phiri Lebanon.

Mu 750, dziko Middle East anayamba kulamulira Abbasids. ufumu umenewu, mmodzi wa maiko amene anali Lebanon, chinakhalapo mpaka m'ma 11. Kenako, mphamvu anagwidwa ndi Fatimid mafumu, amene anakakamizika kuupereka kwa Akhristu zigawenga. Pambuyo kudera la Syria, Egypt, Yemen ndi kumadzulo Arabia litalanda Muslim Ayyubids. Koma alibe nthawi kulenga ufumu wake, adawataya ndi Mamluk - wake amuna akapolo. agonjetsi izi analamulira Lebanon cha m'ma 13.

Patapita zaka zitatu za Mamelukes anagonja maudindo awo pansi kuthamanga kwa emirs Tanuhida - atsogoleri a mafuko Lebanon. Part wa dziko m'nthawi ya 16. Iwo anagwidwa ndi Ottoman Sultan Selim, amene posakhalitsa m'malo mwa ndondomeko ndi luso Fakhraddin. The Sultan anatha kugwirizanitsa dera lonse, lomwe liri tsopano, ndipo ndi dziko otchedwa Lebanon.

Mbiri ya lamakono

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19. dziko unagawidwa awiri Ottoman utsogoleri chigawo: Maronite ndi Druze. Pakati pa zigawo zambiri mikangano kuti poyera analimbikitsa Ottoman. Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi kuthetsa nkhondo, amene panafika osati Maronites ndi Druze, komanso kukhala atsogoleri awo ang'onoang'ono ndi anthu wamba. Mu mkangano zotsatira anali kuthandizapo andale ngakhale European. Opanikizika awo, Ottoman anakakamizika kugwirizanitsa Lebanon kuwononga dongosolo ang'onoang'ono ndi kusankha kazembe Mkhristu. dongosolo ndale chinakhalapo mpaka Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, imene dziko anagonjetsedwa ndi militarists Turkey. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko kuti Middle East wakhala boma lolamuliridwa France.

Kodi zambiri kudikira Lebanon? mbiri dziko zinasinthiratu pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. boma ufulu wodzilamulira ake ndipo anakhala waukulu ochitirapo malonda. Iyi ndi nthawi imene Lebanon ndi m'dziko limenelo ndi malo chikhalidwe zinachitika ndi chuma cha dziko Arab, komanso Middle East kapena kum'mawa Switzerland, Paris. Komabe, mu 1975 boma akhadikhira mayeso latsopano. Nthawi imeneyi, Lebanon anakumbatira mavuto azachuma. Komanso, Muslim Mgwirizano Akhristu bwino phiko anabweretsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, umene unatha pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.

Lebanon - izi lero zimene dziko? Panopa boma ali panjira ya chitsitsimutso cha chuma chake. m'gawo lake ndi mwachangu osauka makampani alendo, amene, monga zaka zambiri zapitazo, amabweretsa ndalama yaikulu bajeti boma. Zonsezi anakhala zikomo zotheka chakuti anthu Lebanon anatha kusunga mbiri wolemera derali, lomwe aliyense angathe kuona mapanga a mapiri ndi nyumba wakale, nyumba akale ndi misikiti. Masiku ano, m'mizinda Middle East dziko kukula, pali Map ano, ndi mapiri a pogwiritsa bungwe ski, monga Mzaar, Faraya ndi Lakluk.

nyengo

Lebanon - Dziko kumene zone ya mayiko Mediterranean. Am'derali amakhala ndi yotentha ndi nyengo awowo sankawayankha mwansangala matope. Mu July, kutentha pafupifupi ndi madigiri 28, ndipo mu January - +13 ° C. Frosts kudzachitika pokhapo m'madera ena phiri.

Ambiri a mvula imagwera mu gawo la kumadzulo kwa Lebanon. Nsonga ya mapiri apamwamba chaka chonse okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa.

Amene kulota ulendo kapena ulendo wopita ku dziko lino, ndi bwino kuti agwirizane ndi nthawi kuchokera April kuti May ndi kwa October kwa November. Izi ndi mwezi pamene nyengo ndi omasuka makamaka kwa anthu.

Okonda ski tchuthi makamaka mupite ku Lebanon mu nthawi kuchokera November kuti April. Munthu amene patsogolo ndi gombe holide, Ndi bwino kugula maulendo ku Mediterranean kuchokera April kuti November. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, anafika ku Lebanon m'chilimwe, mungasangalale ndi kusambira mu nyanja, ndipo anakhala ola panjira, kufika chipale anaphimba ski achisangalalo.

chikhalidwe

Nthawi zambiri, ngale iyi ya Mediterranean amatchedwa Lebanon. Ichi ndi chimene dziko lili m'dera la dziko la nyama ndi zomera? M'pofunikanso kuti chikhalidwe cha Lebanon a n'zosadabwitsa kwabasi. The dziko kumpoto kwa kum'mwera anawoloka ndi ranges awiri phiri. Mmodzi wa iwo athamanga kufanana kwa Saroni, umene wazunguliridwa ndi m'minda wobiriwira nthochi minda lalanje. Phiri la Lebanon. Anthu a otsetsereka ake amene amakumana ndi nyanja, ataphimbidwa ndi nkhalango ya thundu, Suriya mapulo, mlombwa ndi mitengo maolivi wam'tchire. M'madera apamwamba, Suli kutali pamwamba pa, mlombwa chikamakula, palinso minda ka mkungudza wa ku Lebanoni (silhouette ake Tingaone pa mbendera ya dziko).

The chachiwiri mapiri - Anti-Lebanon - limatulukira kum'mawa kwa dziko pamodzi malire ndi Syria. Pano mukhoza kupeza m'mapanga, adakonzeka ndi "Krustalo" drips wa stalagmites ndi stalactites. Kuyambira nsonga phiri mofulumira kunyamula madzi a mtsinje, ntchito ngati njirazo kwa rafting.

Pakati ranges awiri ndi Lebanon Bekaa Valley. Mbali ya kum'mwera ya m'gawo lake ndi zimakhala zazikulu weniweni wa dziko, ndipo wakhala zaka zambiri, nthawi zonse nalo munthu.

likulu

Kumzinda waukulu wa Lebanon ndi Beirut. Izi si padoko wotchuka, komanso unali likulu la dzikolo. Panopa, Beirut ndi yaikulu chuma ndi banki likulu la dera Middle East. Komanso, pali ambiri opezeka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Likulu la Lebanon amatchulidwa koyamba m'ma 15. BC. e. otchedwa Baruth. Kwa nthawi yaitali, mzinda sakanakhoza kupikisana ndi Sidoni ndi Tiroy. pachimake anabwera ndi kufika kwa Aroma, amene anapanga Syria Beirut pakati ndi kuzungulira gombe Mediterranean.

Mu 635 mzinda anagwidwa ndi Aluya, lisanduke ndi Arab Caliphate. Kuyambira 1516 mpaka 1918 Beirut m'manja mwa Turkey amene anaika anthu miyambo yawo. Lotsatira linali likulu la dziko la nkhawa France. Ndipo kokha mu 1941 likulu la Lebanon wakhala mudzi waukulu wa dziko la palokha.

Beirut anali kwambiri kuonongeka m'chaka cha 1975 nkhondo yapachiweniweni khalidwe anali, koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20. ndi nthawi kuulimbitsa. Lero ndi chikhalidwe, nzeru ndi malonda pakatikati pa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mzindawu uli bwino anayamba tochepa ndi sing'anga, ntchito, mafakitale yopanga chakudya, chikopa ndi nsalu mafakitale. Komanso, Beirut ndi amagulitsa zipatso, mafuta ndi silika.

Suli kutali ndi likulu la Lebanon ndi ndege padziko lonse. Izo zikugwirizana dziko ndi mayiko onse a dziko lathuli.

anthu

Modern Lebanon - dziko Arab. 95% ya chonse cha anthu, ndipo padziko 4 miliyoni - Aluya. Otsala 5% ya chiwerengero cha Lebanon anapereka Kurds, Agiriki, ku Armenia, Turkey, ndi zina zotero. D. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti masiku ano dziko mafuta olemera ali tawaphunzitsa ndalama zake kwa mlingo kuti si mwa anthu ake osowa pokhala ndi opemphapempha.

Lebanon - Muslim dziko. Ndipotu, chikhulupiriro pano litsatira pafupifupi 60% ya chonse cha anthu. Akhristu amapanga 39%. Otsala kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu a zipembedzo zina.

Akristu amakonda kusiya East dziko lino Middle. Iwo akusiya dziko, posankha pakati Latin America, Israel, ku Ulaya, USA. Lebanon poyamba sanathe kuonetsetsa otetezedwa mogwirizana ndi kuukira zigawenga Palestina. Tsopano Akristu panjira emigration chifukwa Asilikaliwo chipani Hezbollah.

The chinenero ndi Arabic. Komabe, anthu ambiri a Lebanon ndi bwino French ndi English.

zowoneka

Lebanon - weniweni mbiri Museum ndi Middle East. Pa gawo la dziko laling'ono chuma cha chidwi chikhalidwe ndi masoka. Pakati pawo:

• mzinda wamkulu pa dziko - Byblos;
• kachisi zovuta, anamangidwa mu Roma ili Baalbek;
• zotsala za kamodzi wamphamvu Foinike limati mzinda (Turo, Sidoni ndi Trablosa);
• zisungidwe pa nyengo Omayyadov wokhala ndi mpanda mzinda Anjar (58 Km from Beirut);
• Beiteddine yachifumu zovuta;
• Saint-ankakhala - akale m'linga, ankakhala mu mzinda wa Tripoli.

A ambiri malo osangalatsa mbiri Tingaone m'mizinda yonse ya Republic of Lebanon. Mwachitsanzo, ku likulu la dziko ndi National Museum, Sidoni - Nyanja Castle Museum ndi sopo. Chidwi malo maulendo adzakhala Cedar Park, inali pamalo okwera 2 zikwi. Mamita. Pano mukhoza kupeza mitengo, amene m'badwo zaka 2000.

Mwa zokopa chidwi Lebanon komanso olekanitsidwa:

• Mpingo wa Ioanna Krestitelya, yomwe ili m'chigawo chapakati mzinda wa Byblos;
• Dome wa Rock, yemwe ali mmodzi wa nyumba kwambiri wakale wa Beirut;
• Sursock Museum, dzina lake pambuyo wasayansi amene anayambitsa iwo;
• Kilikiya Museum, chomwe ndi chilumba cha chikhalidwe Chiameniya;
• Jeita m'mapanga, zodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukongola achilengedwe (ili pafupi Beirut ku chigwa cha mtsinje Nahr al-Kalb).

kugwirizana

Mu Beirut, ambiri ma aya, ofanana GSM 900. Local SIM khadi kulandira kuyitana ukubwera kwaulere. mtengo kucheza ndi mu osiyanasiyana masenti kawiri pa mphindi. Palinso akungoyendayenda ku Lebanon ndi kutsogolera Russian ntchito Intaneti ma. Mtengo wa miniti imodzi zolankhula ndi dziko lathu Ndipafupifupi awiri dollars.

Kuyitana kunja akutsatiridwa ndi kuchokera m'mahotela, kuchokera landlines ndi payphones msewu. Mu Lebanon, limatithandiza mitundu iwiri ya kuitana makadi. Ena mwa iwo (Telecard) ntchito kokha pamene ntchito payphones m'tawuni. Chachiwiri (Kalam) oyenera kugwirizana kwa telefoni iliyonse.

Kuyitana Middle East dziko, kudziwa khodi kwa Lebanon. Iye ankafunika kukakumana aya lonse.

Khodi Lebanon - 961. Kuyenera anaimba monga mafoni ndi kugwirizana ndi landline foni.

Features dziko

Mu Lebanon moyo ansangala ndi mtundu, kum'mamatira, monga ulamuliro, malamulowo European khalidwe. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti dziko lino kum'mawa angapo mbali. Mwachitsanzo, ngati Lebanon anapereka inu khofi, muyenera m'mbuyo. Posafuna anu kutenga ulamuliro chizindikiro chapamwamba cha chipongwe.

Komanso, Musatenge pa zokambirana ndi anthu a m'deralo za ubale pakati pa mafuko kapena kukambirana nkhani zandale. Musamalandire zithunzi za Lebanon, popanda kupempha chilolezo.

malamulo Special kulibe pamene kuyendera mizikiti. Iwo ayenera kupita zovala chatsekedwa. Komanso azimayi ayenera muvale headscarf. Oimira theka chilungamo anthu sayenera kuyenda mu siketi zazifupi kwambiri ndi kwambiri lotseguka bulauzi.