Estradiol ndi progesterone: mchikhalidwe ndi kusanthula zolakwika

Mahomoni ndi zachilendo mu zinthu biologically yogwira, amene zinthu osati thanzi komanso pa dziko chinsinsi cha munthu. Nature wachita kuti m'thupi la mayi yomweyo pambuyo lingaliro analimbikitsa ndi mahomoni yeniyeni ya mimba - estradiol ndi progesterone, amene osati kuthandiza chipatso kuti athe kutuluka, komanso kudzutsa mkazi kumverera mayi.

N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuwunika mlingo wa mahomoni

Pa siteji ya kuyembekezera kusintha mwana kadinala zimachitika m'thupi la mkazi (makamaka umenewu akunena za maziko m'thupi). Kusintha mu dongosolo lonse endocrine. Mayi woyembekezera, kwathunthu ankamangidwanso, amalenga malo onyamulira, komanso chitukuko chilengedwe cha mwana kuyambira siteji koyamba mimba akuyamba kukonzekera pobereka.

Mwamtheradi onse zizindikiro thupi m'thupi amayi tsogolo mbali yofunika kwambiri - ndi zinthu zazikulu mapangidwe moyenera mwana wosabadwayo. Ndipo pankhani imeneyi, progesterone ndi estradiol kwenikweni kulamulidwa ndi gynecologist ndi mayesero zina kuti mkazi chofunika pochitika osachepera kawiri pa nthawi ya mimba: 1 trimester (masabata 10-12) ndipo 2 trimester (masabata 16-18).

The mahomoni mimba

Mahomoni Kupenda mokakamiza muli mayesero za mulingo wa estradiol ndi progesterone. Maphunziro amenewa ayenera kuchitidwa monga Nthawi zambiri, ndipo musaike kuchokera kudzacheza kwa dokotala wanu, amene atsogolere agonje za kufufuza izi. Monga iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mwana zimathandiza kuti mimba wathanzi. Ndipo ndicho chifukwa mahomoni akuluakulu otchedwa gestation.

estradiol

Ndi timadzi cha ziwalo zoberekera lomwe lili ndi kugwirizana mwachindunji mapangidwe makhalidwe wamkazi sekondale kugonana. Estradiol ndi progesterone "kuwunika" ntchito ya lonse dongosolo ubereki. Matenda a thupi wamkazi kubala estradiol zonse kubala kuli kovuta. Komanso, timadzi uyu akuchita ntchito yaikulu mu mapangidwe achilengedwe a mbali kugonana mwana pa siteji msinkhu.

Estradiol amapangidwa zambiri mwa thumba losunga mazira ndi zopangitsa adrenal mu wosanjikiza ang'onoang'ono buku. Woyembekezera, ndi machulukitsidwe wa timadzi ichi kwambiri kuchuluka malire thupi. magawanidwe Yovomerezeka ya estradiol mu follicular kusintha gawo kuchokera 97,5 kuti 592 mol / l, mu luteal wa - kuchokera 120 mpaka 738 mol / l, pa kusintha ayanjane 14,9 mol / L. Mu estradiol mwamuna ndi progesterone anapezanso, koma zedi yaing'ono.

Chachikulu estradiol wapezeka limati ngati matenda monga:

• follicular yamchiberekero cysts;
• estrogensekretiruyuschie ndi granulosa zotupa;
• zotupa kuti secrete ndi mimba timadzi (anthu chorionic gonadotropin) ;
• matenda enaake;
• kunenepa;
• Gynecomastia (mwamuna).

Amachepetsa machulukitsidwe wa estradiol ndi hypogonadism (amuna) ya chiyambi iliyonse. Komanso progesterone, mu magazi kudziwa timadzi zimenezi ziyenera kuchitidwa mu mosamalitsa zotchulidwa dokotala tsiku.

progesterone

Akukhulupirira steroid timadzi opangidwa ndi thumba losunga mazira akazi, ndi zambiri wamng'ono wosanjikiza mmene adrenal ndi pa sitepe mimba - latuluka. Kumene, kusintha zachilengedwe ndi ntchito za thupi wamkazi sakuikidwamo popanda progesterone. Cholinga cha timadzi ndi kusintha msambo ndi amatsimikizira bwino gestation. Magaziwo progesterone ndi estradiol Iwo ayenera kukhala bwino pa tsiku inyamuka gynecologist.

Malinga ndi gawo la kuzungulira kusamba, progesterone ndende mu thupi wamkazi zingakhale:

• mu follicular - kuchokera 0.4 kuti 5.4 nmol / l;
• mu luteal - kuchokera 3.3 kuti 71,3 nmol / l;
• pamaso ovulation - kuchokera 1,23 kuti 18,7 nmol / l;
• pa mimba choyamba (masabata 4-12) - kuchokera 35,6 kuti 136 nmol / l.

Kuwonjezera kupeza mkazi, "chidwi" udindo, progesterone machulukitsidwe achuluke ndi matenda monga:

• adrenal chotupa;
• molar mimba;
• horionepitelioma chiberekero;
• kobadwa nako adrenal hyperplasia.

Kutsitsa kaperekedwe ka progesterone zopezeka mu nkhani ya mkazi akhoza kukhala padera. Ngakhale pamene endocrinopathy (a kuchepa kwa gawo luteal) ndi matenda galactorrhea, amenorrhea. Onse koyamba choncho kachiwiri kwambiri adatchithisira progesterone, estradiol.

testosterone

Izi makamaka timadzi wamwamuna (androgen) udindo mapangidwe makhalidwe sekondale kugonana chonde chachimuna ndi kumanga ntchito. Testosterone amakhala spermatogenesis, zimakhudza chitukuko minofu ndi kukula fupa, kumapangitsa erythropoiesis. Natural ndende ya timadzi izi mwa mwamuna ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 11 33,5 nmol / l. Akazi testosterone ali buku laling'ono kwambiri - kuchokera 0.2 kuti 2,7 nmol / L.

nkhani zikuluzikulu wa timadzi ngati m'thupi amadalira pa pathologies zotsatirazi:

• testosteronprodutsiruyuschih testicular neoplasms;
• amkati kortitsizma;
• sekondale adrenal dysplasia wosanjikiza.

Kuchuluka testosterone machulukitsidwe (ngati kuti kuganizira timadzi progesterone ndi estradiol) mu thupi wamkazi nthawi zambiri anamuona pa virilizing zotupa yamchiberekero ndi polycystic.

Yafupika ndende ya timadzi izi chingathe, ngati:

• chiwindi kulephera;
• cryptorchidism;
• syndrome pansi ndi;
• koyamba ndi kubwereza hypogonadism;
• uremia.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kumayambiriro testosterone chosakhala mu thupi kusokoneza chikhalidwe ntchito za ziwalo zoberekera za mwamuna.

Zotsatira za zolephera mahomoni

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa timadzi ubereki mu thupi amuna ndi akazi zimakhudza uziyenda wobereka, komanso maonekedwe. Runningaway kwambiri testosterone mu thupi la mkazi kumayambitsa kwambiri kukula tsitsi m'madera maloharakternyh iye ndi mapangidwe ziphuphu zakumaso.

Kuwonjezeka woipa mahomoni wamkazi mwa mwamuna kumabweretsa mapangidwe a sekondale makhalidwe kugonana akazi Mwachitsanzo kutupa bere (gynaecomastia). Komanso, mahomoni zifukwa madokotala akadali kuwona ngati chinthu chachikulu matenda a chokhudza nkhani yogonana.

Kodi mitengo akhoza kukhala ku timadzi

Pakuti thupi labwinobwino wamkazi mwachibadwa kubala prolactin, progesterone, estradiol mokwanira. Ndipo pamene ife kulankhula izi timadzi ndi estradiol, mlingo wa mkazi ayenera kukhala:

• mu gawo follicular, - kuchokera 57 mpaka 227 PG / ml ya;
• mu luteinizing - kuchokera 77 226 PG / ml ya;
• mu chisanadze ovulatory - kuchokera 127 mpaka 475 PG / ml.

Akulu mkazi, kupatula estradiol kupereka zotsatira. Pamene ndi kusintha kwa thupi, mlingo timadzi akazi pafupifupi 19,6-83 PG / ml.

Akazi ndi amuna utachepa estradiol angathe kuonedwa ngati pali zochitika ngati:

1. Kutukusira kwa ziwalo zoberekera.
2. Zamasamba.
3. Kusuta.
4. Endocrine matenda.
5. Chisokonezo ntchito pituitary England.
6. Kuchuluka prolactin zimatiyika.
7. Yogwira thupi.
8. Kumwa mankhwala (kulera zosiyanasiyana) popanda mankhwala.

kuchuluka estradiol

Women zambiri zinthu zimene zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga:

• alopecia (tsitsi imfa);
• irritability;
• ziphuphu zakumaso;
• kunenepa;
• yafupika kutentha miyendo;
• chopambanitsa kutopa;
• kutupa;
• tulo;
• monyanyira kapepala kakuti m'mimba;
• mwezi anasintha;
• ululu wa m'mawere.

Okwera progesterone ndi estradiol mu akazi pa kumupima mwina zimasonyeza kupoletsa zikuluzikulu chithokomiro mahomoni, zotupa zilonda ndi gawo oyambirira mapangidwe endometriosis yamchiberekero.

otsika estradiol

Matenda akazi vuto la magazi zimachokeradi mkati miyezi 6, chifuwa ndi chiberekero ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi khungu ndi dryish. CHAKUBADWA sizingatheke imeneyi. Estradiol ndi progesterone akhoza zachotsedwa mu magawo oyambirira mimba.

mchikhalidwe progesterone

ndi timadzi amenewa udindo yabwino kwa mimba ayenera bwinobwino kukhala gawo follicular 0,2-3,07 ng / ml ya mu luteal wa - 0,32-20,6 ng / ml. Pa "chidwi" malo a mlingo wa progesterone mu mayi anatsimikiza trimester. Childs, m'mwezi woyamba trimester timadzi ranges kuchokera 19-53 ng / mL lachiwiri - 24-81,2 ng / ml, ndi wachitatu - 62-3135 ng / ml. zinthu Nkosatheka mu kuchuluka kwa progesterone kungakhale yamchiberekero neoplasm, shuga, ndi corpus luteum chotupa. limaluluza akhoza zokha kudziwa osabereka lapansi.

Low progesterone (ndi estradiol komanso) akutchedwa insufficiency luteal ndi kukhala kosatheka kwa mimba, ndipo makamaka kubala zipatso. Wina chizindikiro cha wotsika luteal imatengedwa yochepa msambo. Pa machulukitsidwe otsika mu progesterone magazi kuoneka zomverera zosasangalatsa mu chifuwa ndi muyeso mahomoni wamwamuna. Chifukwa chachiwiri imfayo maonekedwe a ziphuphu zakumaso, kusinthasintha magazi, komanso maonekedwe a mtundu.

cholemba

zochitika zonse zimene zachitika thupi n'zogwirizana, choncho kumanganso mlingo wa mahomoni imodzi kapena ziwiri amakhudza zizindikiro zina. Ndipo kwa gynecologist anali athe kuwunika wonse mahomoni chachikazi, chofunika kuchita mayesero osiyanasiyana pa mahomoni. Ndipo zingakhale bwino ngati maulendo oterowo katswiri adzakhala mwadongosolo polojekiti wa onse ndi boma m'thupi thanzi wodwalayo.

Inde, chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa aliyense wa kugonana chilungamo ndi wakudziko awo. Estradiol, progesterone - ndi mahomoni zofunika kwambiri kuti ali ndi udindo ntchito olondola a dongosolo lonse ubereki.