Facsimile - kuchokera chidali chifuniro kuti masiku ano

Facsimile (mwa kulankhula kwina - Chosololera) - kutali kufala kwa fano akadali (malemba, mafanizo, zithunzi) ndi kubwezeretsa wotsatira wa katunduyo analandira. Mbiri chifukwa cha chitukuko cha telegraphy, koma amatha kupatsira mitundu zambiri mauthenga ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwasokoneza.

Faxing ntchito kusamutsa chithunzi matelegalamu, ndi periodicals decentralized kusindikiza (zipangizo kulanda masamba nyuzipepala ndi mafanizo), mabungwe ang'onoang'ono lalikulu nzeru zambiri kupanga kulandira deta ku nthambi siteshoni nyengo (kuwombola gidrometeokartami), komanso nthawi zina zambiri.

The ndondomeko kutengerapo ikuchitika ntchito facsimile makina (fax). The opaleshoni mfundo ya fakisi ndi motere: chopatsilira wagawo ambabala gawo la opatsirana fano (lemba, zithunzi) lagawidwa yaing'ono (otchedwa pulayimale m'madera ..), Amene amasiyana mnzake mu chizindikiro chinachake, kawirikawiri ndi osalimba kuwala). Ndiye zinthu zonse successively atatembenuzidwa zithunzi likutipatsa mu otaya magetsi nyemba. Information za zinthu kutengerapo awasungira kwa muyezo osankhidwa.

Ndiye fax monga mndandanda wa chizindikiro magetsi opatsirana kudzera mu mzere kulankhulana, amene amachita ngati mzere telefoni wamba. Pa wolandila, ndi kusintha osiyanitsidwa chikuchitika pokhalabe ndi ndondomeko ya zinthu, ndi zotsatira zimene timapeza buku la fano adafuna ife.

Mfundo fax unakhazikitsidwa mu 1855 ndi wasayansi Italy J. Caselli. zida anazipanga kusamutsa chithunzi ntchito kwa zojambulazo kutsogolera ndi varnish wapadera ndi otsika kwambiri magetsi madutsidwe (pafupifupi ziro). Choncho, fano mbali ya alternating mkulu (zojambulazo) ndi otsika madutsidwe. Kukhudzana pini, kutsetsereka pa chithunzi alternately zimafalitsa nyemba panopa ndi chizindikiro panopa-free. Analandira chithunzi electrochemical njira olembedwa pa zojambulazo lapansi.

Izi prototypes wa fax ano ntchito popereka mauthenga pa mizere wanthambo Paris - Marseille ndi Moscow - St. Petersburg, koma pang'onopang'ono anabwera kanthu chifukwa cha zolakwa zake ndi zovuta za ndondomeko HIV.

Mu 1868, B. Meier kupangidwa njira kulandira zithunzi ndi kujambula pa pepala kumveka ndi mwauzimu onsewo, yokutidwa ndi utoto. Mwauzimu, posunga pepala pa nthawi yoyenera, anasiya angapo zikwapu zimene pali fano. njira imeneyi, wangwiro ndi ntchito lero.

Mu m'ma facsimile anafika zikomo mlingo qualitatively zatsopano zikamera amalumikizana lonse la mizere kulankhulana, Kutulukira machubu zingalowe, atulukira zotsatira photoelectric. Mu 30s ndi woyamba makina kope anaonekera mu dziko lathu. M'tsogolo, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zithunzi njira akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse.

Modern facsimile kulankhulana ikuchitika mwa mizere chopatsilira, wolandila ndiponso kulankhulana. Pa chopatsilira ndi mfundo kuunika malo mzere akuthamanga kuzungulira padziko lonse wapachiyambi, nagawira mu mbali pulayimale (ziyangoyango) zosiyanasiyana kuwala reflectivity. Anasonyeza kwa iwo, ndi kamwazi kuwala mwamphamvu variable imagwera pa Converter photoelectric ndi n'kukhala ndi kanema mbendera, ndiye modulates kunjenjemerako (matalikidwe kapena pafupipafupi) kumasulira kanema chizindikiro mu yabwino kufala pa mawonekedwe ulalo. mizere Communication - ochiritsira yikidwa mawaya kapena opanda zingwe telefoni ngalande. Pankhani ya kufalitsa wambirimbiri mfundo (tsamba nyuzipepala, mwachitsanzo) ntchito multichannel mauthenga ndi njira burodibandi.

Pa wolandila, ndi zida facsimile wapangidwa demodulation a mbendera analandira (kusankha) ndipo akatembenuka yotsirizira mu buku umene wolembedwa pa sing'anga (m. E. Zake convolution) mu ndondomeko yomweyo ya pachiyambi. Njira yolemba chizindikiro analandira:

- Zithunzi (pa pepala zithunzi kapena filimu yomwe anaikidwa makaseti kuwala zolimba). Pankhaniyi, sikutheka kulamulira mtundu wa uthenga umene analandira mpaka ndondomeko photochemical processing ngati chotengera.

- Electrochemical (fano ndi kuvala pepala lapadera lomwe blackens pamene panopa wadutsa mu izo).

- Inki - pa pepala kumveka topaka inki cholembera kapena wodzigudubuza.