Features ndi specifications kwa phunziro magetsi kumunda lonse la akatswiri a luso. Koma maphunziro kawirikawiri achiyankhulo zovuta ndi zosokoneza. Choncho, maonekedwe a m'munda magetsi adzakhala kutchulidwa Article kupezeka kwa iwo akanakhoza kumvetsa munthu aliyense. Komanso mwapadera ilipiridwa kuti mfundo ofanana (superposition) ndi mwayi wa chitukuko cha dera lino la sayansi.
zambiri
Malinga ndi maganizo pano, mlandu magetsi pakati pawo sindikufuna kucheza mwachindunji. Izi zikutanthauza mbali yaikulu. Choncho, bungwe mlandu ali kumunda wake magetsi mu malo ozungulira. Iwo ali zimakhudza nkhani zina. Zochita za m'minda magetsi kuti ndi yofunika kwa ife, kuti iwo zikusonyeza zotsatira za kuthengo pa milandu magetsi ndi mphamvu ndi umene ikuchitika. Ena mwa ichi Ndizachidziwikire? Adawalamulira matupi mulibe mwagwirizana amadza yomweyo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, minda magetsi ntchito. Monga mukhoza kufufuza? Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo mayeso - mfundo yaing'ono mtanda wa particles kuti sadzakhala ndi kukhudzanso kapangidwe alipo. Choncho mfundo zimene ndi makhalidwe a m'munda magetsi? Onse atatu: mavuto, nkhawa ndi kuthekera. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe komanso mitundu ya chikoka pa particles.
Munda magetsi ndi: ndi chiyani icho?
Koma akuyendera ku nkhani zikuluzikulu za nkhaniyo, muyenera kukhala ndi ena kudziwa m'munsi. Ngati iwo ali, ndiye gawo lino akhoza ndithu anaphonya. Poyamba, tiyeni tione funso zifukwa kuli munda magetsi. Kukhale, muyenera mlandu. Komanso, katundu wa danga limene limakhala mlandu thupi, ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi kumene izo siziri. Pali mbali chonchi: ngati dongosolo zina za ndondomeko kuika woyang'anira, kusintha sizichitika nthawi yomweyo, koma pa liwiro zina. Iwo adzakhala ngati mafunde kufalitsa mu mlengalenga. Izi Adzatsagana ndi maonekedwe a mphamvu mawotchi kuti kuchita zinthu zina mu dongosolo ntchito. Ndipo apa ife tikubwera kwa chenichenicho! asilikali akutulukira si chifukwa cha zimakhudza mwachindunji, ndipo mogwirizana mwa chilengedwe kuti ndi qualitatively osiyana. Danga, imene kusintha zimenezi zikuchitika, ndipo akutchedwa munda magetsi.
Features
kuyang'anira kupsa m'munda magetsi, imayenda motsogozedwa mphamvu kuti amachita pa izo. Kodi n'zotheka kukwaniritsa boma ya mpumulo? Inde, izo ndi zenizeni. Koma mphamvu ya m'munda magetsi ayenera kugawa bwino kukopa ena. Mwamsanga pamene pali vutoli, woyang'anira wayamba kusamukanso. Malangizo Pankhaniyi kudzadalira mphamvu kwambiri. Koma ngati ambiri a iwo - zatha chidzakhala chinachake moyenera ndi mosalekeza. Kumvetsetsa, zinthu zofunikira kuti ntchito, kuimira mizere ya mphamvu. mayendedwe awo zizigwirizana mphamvu akuchita. Tikumbukenso kuti mizere likhale ndi chiyambi ndi mapeto. M'mawu ena, iwo alibe kutseka yokha. Iwo anayamba ndithu mlandu matupi, ndi kutha negative. Kuti si onse, mwatsatanetsatane pa mizere mphamvu, underpinnings awo ongolankhula ndi kukhazikitsa zothandiza, tidzakambirana mowonjezera lemba ndi amawaona pamodzi ndi malamulo Coulomb a.
Magetsi kumunda mwamphamvu
Mkhalidwe umenewu ntchito quantitatively kudziwa munda magetsi. Ndi kovuta kumvetsa. Mkhalidwe umenewu wa kumunda magetsi (voteji) ndi thupi kuchuluka ofanana potency ndi ulemu ndi zabwino mlandu mayeso kuti lili ina danga kuti kufunika kwake. Pali wina mbali. Izi kuchuluka thupi ndi vekitala. malangizo ake chikugwirizana ndi malangizo a mphamvu amene umagwira ntchito pa zabwino mlandu mayeso. Tiyeneranso kuyankha nkhani sizachilendo ndipo ananena kuti mphamvu khalidwe la munda mwamphamvu magetsi ali chimodzimodzi. Ndipo chikuchitika ndi amodzi ndipo sasintha nkhani? electrostatic ntchito yawo magetsi amaganiza. Pamene tikugwira ntchito ndi mlandu mfundo ndi kuphunzira chidwi kwambiri potipatsa mizere mphamvu ndi lamulo Coulomb a. mbali Kodi pali?
lamulo Coulomb a ndi mphamvu mizere
Mphamvu makhalidwe a m'munda magetsi mu nkhani iyi ndi okhawo mlandu mfundo imene ili utali wozungulira ena kwa izo. Ndipo ngati inu kutenga mtengo wa gawo, tidzakhala ndi munda Coulomb. Mmenemo malangizo a vekitala chimadalira pa chizindikiro cha mlandu. Choncho, ngati ndi zabwino, ndiye munda adzayenda "" pamodzi utali wozungulira wa. Mu zinthu zosiyana vekitala adzakhala anatumiza mwachindunji mlandu kwambiri. Kumvetsa zithunzi zomwe zikuchitika ndi momwe mungapezere ndi kuona zithunzi, kumene mizere m'munda amasonyeza. Makhalidwe waukulu wa kumunda magetsi m'mabukhu ngakhale m'malo ovuta kufotokoza, koma zojambula, iwo ayenera kupereka msonkho kwa khalidwe lawo. Koma tisaiwale ndi peculiarity mabuku: yomanga mphamvu mizere kujambula kachulukidwe awo ndi njila kwa ukulu wa mavuto amene. Izi kwenikweni pang'ono kuti akhoza kukhala thandizo wodalirika kwambiri mu ulamuliro kapena chidziwitso cha mayeso.
kuthekera
Mlandu nthawi zonse kusuntha pamene palibe mphamvu akusamala. Izi zikutiuza kuti, mu nkhani iyi, munda magetsi ali ndi mphamvu zogonjetsera mavutowo. Mu mawu ena - zimakhala ena ntchito. Tiyeni tionenso mwachidule. Munda magetsi mlandu ankatembenukira mfundo A ku B. Chifukwa, kuchepa m'munda mphamvu zogonjetsera mavutowo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ntchitoyi inamalizidwa. Izi khalidwe mphamvu ya m'munda magetsi sasintha ngati kusuntha waperekedwa mchikakamizo cha gulu lachitatu. Pankhaniyi, ndi mphamvu ndi kuthekera sadzakhala ndichepe ndi kuonjezera. Ndiponso zimenezi thupi khalidwe kusintha m'munda magetsi ndi mwachindunji njila kwa ntchito amaganiza mphamvu zimene zinachititsa mlandu m'munda magetsi. Tikumbukenso kuti mu nkhani iyi achita ntchito udzakhala kuwonjezera mphamvu zogonjetsera mavutowo. amalola chitani ndi zotsatirazi kwa kamvedwe ka nkhani. Choncho, tili ndi mlandu positive. Malowa ali pamtunda kunja kwa munda magetsi, amene ankaona. Chifukwa kukhudzana izi ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti akhoza ananyalanyaza. Pali mozungulira mphamvu imene imapangitsa mlandu m'munda magetsi. Iye anachita ntchito zofunika kusuntha. Pa nthawi yomweyo kugonjetsa mphamvu za kuthengo. Motero, pali kuthekera kwa kanthu, koma m'munda magetsi. Tikumbukenso kuti mwina sanali yunifolomu mlingo. Choncho, mphamvu zimene zikukhudzana ndi wina enieni wagawo mlandu zabwino, wotchedwa angathe munda pamalo amenewo. Ndi numerically wofanana ntchito imene wakhala anapanga kunja mphamvu kusuntha phunziro kwa udindo. Lingathe munda amayezedwa volts.
voteji
Mmunda uliwonse magetsi Tingaone monga milandu zabwino "amasamukira" ku mfundo mkulu kuthekera chakuti iwo ndi pamlingo wochepa wa chizindikiro ichi. Zoipa adatsata njira izi n'zosiyana. Koma nthawi zonse, uli ndi chifukwa kukhalapo mphamvu zogonjetsera mavutowo. Iwo masamu voteji lapansi. Muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zimene wakhala zosakwana mphamvu angathe m'munda. Mavuto ndi numerically wofanana ntchito imene chakhala kulanda mlandu zabwino pakati pa mfundo ziwiri yeniyeni. Pamenepa Tingaone ndi machesi chidwi. Choncho, voteji angathe kusiyana ndi Pankhaniyi ali yemweyo thupi chilli.
The superposition minda za magetsi
Choncho, takambirana makhalidwe waukulu wa kumunda magetsi. Koma kuti kumvetsa bwino nkhaniyo, kupereka kwambiri kuti tiganizire moposera zingapo zimene mungachite kuti ingakhale yofunika. Ndipo ife tiyambira ndi superposition minda za magetsi. Kale ife nkhaniyi mu mawu a panalibe mmodzi yekha yotsimikizika mlandu. Koma m'minda ya chiwerengero chawo chachikulu! Choncho, kuganizira oyerekeza kuti asaone zenizeni za nkhaniyi, tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti ife ndi chiwerengero cha milandu. Ndiye likukhalira kuti pa phunziro mayeso adzachita mphamvu kumvera ulamuliro wa Kuwonjezera vekitala. Komanso, mfundo ya superposition limanena kuti zoyenda zovuta amenable kupatukana mu awiri kapena kuposa yosavuta. Kukhala chitsanzo yokhudza gululi N'zosatheka superposition. M'mawu ena, timaona tinthu zinthu alipo zokhudza milandu osiyana, omwe ali kumunda wake magetsi.
ntchito
Tikumbukenso kuti tsopano ndi kuthekera kwa munda magetsi ntchito osati pa mphamvu zonse. Ngakhale olondola kunena umatha pafupifupi konse ntchito mwa ife. Monga othandiza mwayi kukwaniritsidwa kwa munda magetsi zingachititse Chizhevskogo chandelier. Poyamba, mu zaka za m'ma chatha, anthu anayamba kufufuza mlengalenga. Koma asayansi anali nkhani zambiri osathetsedwa. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi mpweya ndi zigawo zake njiru. Pakuti pothetsa vuto limeneli zinatengera Soviet wasayansi Chizhevskii amene imodzi chidwi mphamvu khalidwe la m'munda magetsi. Ndipo tisaiwale kuti muli ndi chitukuko zabwino kwenikweni. Chifukwa cha njira imeneyi polenga dziko chipangizo cha otaya mpweya ion afufuze kumaliseche yaing'ono. Koma mkati mwa chimango cha Nkhani ndife sanaganizire kwambiri chipangizo palokha, monga mfundo kugwira ntchito. chakuti ntchito ya Chizhevskogo chandeliers ntchito n'kupuma mphamvu zoyendetsera, ndiwo munda magetsi! Pakuti ndende mphamvu ntchito capacitors wapadera. N'zochititsa chidwi bwino bwanji chipangizo ntchito mphamvu khalidwe la chilengedwe magetsi kumunda. Ndiko kuti, chipangizo ichi anayamba kupanga mwachindunji spacecraft, amene kwenikweni amalimbikitsa zamagetsi. Izo zinali chifukwa cholephera ntchito zipangizo zina chikugwirizana ndi mwa kundipatsako zonse mphamvu. Tikumbukenso kuti malangizowo sichinayambe anasiyidwa ndi mphamvu za mphamvu kuchokera kumunda magetsi amaphunzira tsopano. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti patsogolo kwambiri koma kuti mwana'yo. M'pofunikanso kuona pamlingo waung'ono wa maphunziro, ndiponso kuti ambiri a iwo pa nthawi yomweyo kuchita woyamba odzipereka.
Pa zokhudza makhalidwe a m'munda magetsi?
N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira iwo? Monga tanena kale, makhalidwe munda magetsi mphamvu, voteji ndi mphamvu. Moyo wa munthu wamba mu msewu, magawo awa sangathe kudzitama chifukwa cha chikoka kwambiri. Koma pamene pali mafunso chochita chinachake chachikulu ndi zovuta kumvetsa satenga nawo nkhani - mwanaalirenji. chakuti yambiri minda magetsi (kapena mphamvu kwambiri) kumabweretsa chakuti pali kulowelera mu kufala kwa chizindikiro luso. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kupotoza mfundo opatsirana. Tikumbukenso kuti si vuto yekha wa mtundu uwu. Kuwonjezera luso woyera phokoso, minda amphamvu kwambiri zamagetsi akhoza kusokoneza ntchito ya thupi. Tikumbukenso kuti yaing'ono danga ionization amaona kuti wabwino, chifukwa kumathandiza kuti fumbi Kuthetsa padziko anthu azikhalamo. Koma ngati inu muyang'ana, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya zipangizo (refrigerators, ma TV, heaters madzi, telefoni, magetsi, ndi zina zotero) ndi mu manyumba athu, tinganene kuti, kalanga, si bwino thanzi lathu. Tikumbukenso kuti makhalidwe a minda otsika magetsi, ife pafupifupi sanamve kuwawa, chifukwa malo cheza anthufe kale anazolowera. Koma apa zimakhalanso zamagetsi molimbika kunena. Kumene, kusiya zonse izi sizikuthandiza, koma n'zotheka bwinobwino kuchepetsa zoipa minda ya magetsi pa thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chaichi, poyamba, ndi okwanira kutsatira mfundo za ankafalitsa mwakhama imayenera njira ntchito yomwe kwa opaleshoni nthawi kuchepetsa njira.
Pomaliza
Tafotokoza zimene thupi kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la m'munda magetsi, kumene ntchito, kodi chitukuko kuchita ndi ntchito pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma ine ndikufuna kuwonjezera mawu ena komaliza pa nkhani imene mukukambirana. Tikumbukenso kuti iwo anali ndi chidwi ndi chiwerengero mokwanira lalikulu la anthu. Mmodzi wa kufufuza kwambiri noticeable m'mbiri ya kumanzere wotchuka Chisebiya zatsopano Nikolai Tesla. Iye anatha kukwaniritsa patsogolo motere ndithu poyerekeza ndi kukhazikitsa anakonza, koma, kalanga, osati mwa mawu a mphamvu Mwachangu. Choncho, ngati mukufuna ntchito umenewu - mwayi sanaidziŵe zambiri.