Madzi youma

Novek 1230 - ufa (youma) madzi anapeza mu 1968. Kwa nthawi yaitali, kupezeka aiwala. Mwina poganiza kuti madzi youma ndi osafunika. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti mankhwala akhoza kuthandiza anthu kuthana ndi likutentha.

Mu zaka za m'ma 21, maphunziro youma madzi anayambiranso. Asayansi British pa yunivesite ya Liverpool gulu mavuto mu kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi.

Youma madzi, zikuchokera womwenso peresenti makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu za madzi wabwinobwino, ofanana mu maonekedwe ndi shuga icing. Aliyense droplet chimakwirira mmodzi silika chipolopolo. pawiri Izi mpweya ndi pakachitsulo imatengedwa khola kwambiri. Chigoba cha silika salola kufala ndi kuphatikiza dropwise. Kukula kwa aliyense dontho - zosakwana micron wina.

Pa zatsopano chinapezeka kuti madzi youma ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuyamwa mpweya. Mwina, mankhwala akhoza kuyamwa mpweya zimene zimachititsa kuti maonekedwe a Kufunda padziko lapansi. Malangizo ntchito yeniyeni ya thunthu ndipo anamuyesa Liverpool asayansi. Zinthu zasayansi, chinapezeka kuti madzi youma amatha kuyamwa katatu kwambiri mpweya woipa kuposa madzi opanda chifukwa nthawi yomweyi ya nthawi.

thunthu mukhoza mwinamwake kuthandiza kubala dziko mazira, yomwe ili pansi pa nyanja. Kutsegula kwa madzi youma angathandize kusonkhanitsa ndi kudziunjikira lalikulu zedi mokwanira, ndi mpweya zina zovuta kukonza. Kuwonjezera, njira yopangira thunthu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito madzi ena. Komanso opereka mwayi zingamuthandize mu chitukuko cha Boma ambiri a sayansi ndi sayansi.

Pamodzi ndi asayansi izi British ndayesera kutsimikizira kuti ntchito fomu iyi ya madzimadzi n'zofunika pa mayendedwe ndi kusunga zipangizo zomwe zingakhale woopsawo. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza amanena kuti n'zotheka kupeza njira zatsopano za kasungidwe galimoto mafuta injini kuti kuthamanga pa haidrojeni.

madzi youma amene chilinganizo CF3CF2C (O) CF (CF3) 2 awiri katundu wamba ndi madzi wamba. Onse zinthu alibe kukoma kapena fungo. Mu zochita madzi opanda ngati mpweya oxidizing wothandizira. The oxidant kwa thunthu ndi fluorine.

Mu youma madzi kuwira kutentha kwa pafupi makumi asanu pa madigiri, kuzizira - zana ndi zisanu ndi zitatu madigiri. Komabe, ngakhale mu ndondomeko kuwira, asayansi kunena, ngati inu sanatchule manja Novek 1230 adzakhala kupsereza. thunthu ali osalimba mkulu.

Chifukwa satha kuchita panopa, madzi youma angagwiritsidwe ntchito zipinda elektronebezopasnyh. thunthu linawola mchikakamizo cha kuwala ultraviolet. Mu chidebe lotseguka madzi youma akhoza kusungidwa palibe masiku opitirira asanu.

thunthu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhondo moto, makamaka m'madera momwe anaikira mokwanira wambirimbiri zamagetsi ndi zipangizo voteji mkulu. Nyumba Mwachitsanzo, mwina monga ikuyambitsa, Seva, zopangira magetsiwa, tiransifoma ndi zina zotero. Wozimitsa zotsatira Motero zimatheka chifukwa cha kuzirala ndi kutentha mayamwidwe wa yogwira.

Ufa sikumangotikhudza madzi kuwononga pepala. M'nkhani ino, zipinda archival, zakale kuyesa kukhazikitsa moto dongosolo yimitsira ntchito Novek 1230. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo ntchito Hermitage.

Ufa madzi kulibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu. Komabe ofufuza musati amalangiza kumwa izo. Small kuwira mfundo sadzalola chithupsa madzi mu ufa kapena tiyi, palibe khofi. Shuga ndi si kupasuka.

Malinga ndi asayansi, madzi ufa posachedwapa ntchito kulikonse.