Dendrites - ndi chiyani ichi? Kapangidwe ndi ntchito dendridov

Mantha minofu wapangidwa manyuroni ndi glia, amachita mndandanda wa ntchito zikuluzikulu ndi zofunika: izo limatulutsa kukomoka zikhumbo magetsi, amene ndiye kuwapereka kwa minofu ndi ziwalo za nyama anthu kapena peresenti. Maselo a minofu imeneyi ndi dongosolo lapadera. Imakhala onse pakutchulidwa wa malemeredwe ndi chopinga, ndi kukhazikitsa awo. Mu neuroscience ali ndi tanthauzo zotsatirazi: dendrites - izo njira ya maselo mitsempha kuti kuzindikira ndi popereka mauthenga ku minyewa thupi. Mu pepala tiona kulingalira za maganizo panopa za njira kufala kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha mu mbali yaikulu ya ubongo: ubongo ndi msana, komanso kuphunzira kapangidwe ka dendrite, monga mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu za neurocytes.

Pakuti ichi tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane makamaka ubongo nyumba, ndi unit zofunika minofu mantha.

Monga neurocyte dongosolo kugwirizana ndi ntchito zake

Elekitironi njira tosaoneka kafukufuku apeza zimatsimikizira kuti chipangizo lotseguka dongosolo apadera kwambiri ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kwachilengedwenso amaitcha cell mitsempha. Ndi zizindikiro thupi (soma), wina nthambi yaitali - ndi kuchuluka kwa lalifupi axon Mphukira. Aliyense wa iwo chikugwirizana ndi cytoplasm wa thupi selo. dendrite izi. Kapangidwe ndi maonekedwe a akaphatikiza njira lalifupi amatikumbutsa korona wa mtengo. Malinga ndi iye thupi la ubongo kudzera synapse alandira Zoyenereza bioelectric ku maselo ena mitsempha.

Kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe komanso mitundu

Malinga ndi kafukufuku histology ano, dendrites - ndi nthambi kumapeto neurocyte osati kuvomereza, komanso popereka mauthenga ndiyotengera mu mawonekedwe a zikhumbo magetsi, mu dongosolo Mipikisano njira ndi anatomically ndi zimagwirira ntchito inakula maselo mitsempha. Iwo ali yambiri ya organelles mapuloteni-synthesizing - ribosomes. Mitundu ina ya njira lalifupi, monga neurocytes pyramidal, ataphimbidwa ndi nyumba wapadera - spines.

Malinga ndi gulu la bungwe la Spanish neurohistology S. Ramon Y Cajal, dendrite awiri kusiya thupi selo mitsempha mbali zosiyana (ochititsa kuti neurocytes). Ngati zambiri dendrites, iwo mogwirizana ku soma radially. nyumba imeneyi ndi khalidwe la interneurons. Mu cerebellar maselo Purkinje kunja kwa thupi zokhudzana neurocyte mu mawonekedwe a zimakupiza. Aliyense dendrite, amene atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena kapangidwe ndi osiyana ndi nthambi oyandikana kuchuluka kwa woyang'anira magetsi anasonkhanitsa pomwepo.

Pa imagwira mitsempha njira nthambi

Thupi la ubongo ndi kupatsira chonse ndiponso kulandira nthawi yomweyo chinthu kwachilengedwenso. Volume (makamaka deta ukubwera) mwachindunji njila kwa chiwerengero cha zikhumbo mitsempha ukubwera. Atsimikiza ndi digiri ya nthambi ya mtengo dendritic. Choncho, dendrites - izo neurocyte nyumba kuti kusewera ntchito integrative.

Komanso, njira ya kuwonjezera m'dera kukhudzana pakati pa khungu mitsempha. Zina chomwecho synapse lomenyera nthawi kumawonjezera dzuwa la mabungwe onse monga ubongo ndi msana, ndi mantha dongosolo lonse.

Kapangidwe ka dendrite ndi

Mwa kuphunzira kukonzekera tosaoneka maselo mitsempha tinapeza kuti ambiri mwa njira ndi mawonekedwe cylindrical. awiri awo avareji 0,9 micron. dendrite kutalika zimasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, manyuroni stellate za chinthu chotuwa wa kotekisi oziziritsa ndi yaifupi (zosaposa 200 microns) nthambi dendritic mtengo, koma njira owononga minyewa m'gulu lipenga patsogolo pa chingwe msana, a dongosolo la 2 mm.

maphunziro apadera - spines unakhazikitsidwa pa nthambi neurocytes kuyambitsa ambiri synapses - slotted mipando funsani ndi axon, dendrite kapena soma ya minyewa ina. Synapses akhoza udzakhazikitsidwe pa thupi la dendrite ndi amatchedwa tsinde kapena mwachindunji pa spines ake. Monga ife tikudziwa kale, dendrites - nthambi zokhudzana neurocytes amatha kulandira kukondoweza. Kufala komanso chimachitika biopotentials awa ntchito mankhwala mankhwala maselo - owayimira, monga acetylcholine, kapena GABA. Nembanemba kuphimba dendrite wapezeka njira ion, kusankha permeable kashiamu cations, sodium na potassium nawo ndimeyi kwa zikhumbo za mitsempha kudzera minyewa ya.

Monga mudziwe akubwera maselo mitsempha

Pa kufala kwa milandu magetsi zakuya mangolomera ndi chopinga, pamodzi ndi axon ndi dendrites nawo. Ndi njira minyewa, kupanga synapses ndi nthambi zina za mtengo dendritic wa neurocytes. Empirically anapeza kuti dendrites ndi outgrowths wa cytoplasm selo, Kakhungu TACHIMATA. Mmenemo ndi ofooka zikhumbo magetsi - kanthu Zoyenereza.

Ndiyamika njira yachidule wina mitsempha selo alandira ndi transmits nyemba zikwi zingapo kwaiye synapses. Izi si ntchito yokhayo ya dendrites. Iwo pokonza ndi kuphatikiza mfundo akulowa manyuroni, amene amathandiza lamulo ndi ulamuliro anasonyeza mwa wamanjenje dongosolo cha ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala ndi thupi la munthu.