"General Sherman" - Mtengo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. sequoia chimphona

Sequoia - mmodzi wa mitengo yaikulu pa dziko. Mu nthawi Jurassic ndipo Cretaceous ankakonda ku Europe ndi Asia, koma tsopano asungidwa mu mapiri a California ndi Kumwera Oregon. Izi chidina zomera chisanadze Ice Age, iwo angatchedwe mafupawa wamoyo.

Features

Chimphona sequoia (Sequoia, yaikuluyi mtengo) dzina la akulu Iroquois, zinali sakudziwika kwa Ulaya mpaka 1850. A munda wa mitengo chimphona mwangozi adapeza England Lobb.

Amwenye wotchedwa sequoias "nkhalango makolo." Izi n'zomveka, wonenedwa ndi mtengo osati kufika msinkhu wa mamita 100-120, komanso moyo nthawi n'zosadabwitsa yaitali. The mphete pachaka pa wamkulu wa iwo, anaona kuti angafikire zaka 3,000.

Chimphona sequoia wa banja Taxodiaceae (gymnosperms Division). Izi ndi coniferous mitengo ndi zitsamba zobiriwira. Ngakhale mitengo yokongola ndi wandiweyani chikuzika, n'zotheka ntchito zake chuma ndi ang'ono chifukwa cha wosaperewera muyeso wa redwoods. M'malo mwake, ntchito zolinga kukongoletsa. Kubzala zimphona izi angapezeke mu Caucasus ndi pa chakumwera kwa Crimea.

Sequoia ndi Chimphona Sequoia?

Ngakhale mitengo zimenezi ndi zofanana kwambiri, pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo.

Redwoods kukula kumpoto California pa yopapatiza mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kwa iwo, zabwino chinyezi nyengo ndi kulimbikira chifunga. A sequoia chimphona opezeka pa otsetsereka kumadzulo kwa Sierra Nevada (pamalo okwera 1.5-2 km). Sequoia cones mwina zingakweze pamene achinyezi. Pakuti totupa mbewu akusowa kouma ndi otentha.

Forest moto, oopsa kwa zamoyo zonse, chifukwa mitengo akhoza kuimba udindo wa kubalana ndi kukula kwa chothandizira lapansi. Cones kutentha zavumbulutsidwa, ndipo mbewu kugwa pansi, kale popanda udzu. mitengo okhwima ndi khungwa awo amphamvu moto ..silinaona monga mmene zomera zina. Ndipo mu mbiya akale chachikulu sequoia akhoza muli mpaka malita 8000 madzi.

Zimphona izi kugunda msinkhu wake. Iwo amati ndi mitundu ya bulugamu mutu wa mitengo yaitali. Sequoia pang'ono naperewera pa msinkhu zana-mita, koma akhala mantha wochindikala imene imafikira oposa 10 m. Osati popanda chifukwa iwo amatchedwa chachikulu.

Mwachitsanzo, sequoia "General Sherman" ali circumference thunthu zoposa 35 m. Pofuna kuyendetsa mozungulila chimphona, panadutsa anthu oposa 25 Mtengo umenewu imatengedwa lalikulu kwambiri mu dziko kuyambira 1931.

Chimphona sequoias - azaka zoposa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX adapsa pansi chifukwa cha matabwa wapatali. zaka mitengo anatsimikiza ndi mphete kukula pa stumps ndi. Kunapezeka kuti ena mwa iwo anakhala za 3 zikwi zaka! Anakulira nthawi imene yekha Aiguputo anayamba kumanga mapiramidi wotchuka.

Chimphona sequoia nthambi lanu amphamvu kwambiri mizu. Makungwa lili zinthu kufumbwa kafadala makungwa ndi tizirombo tina. Ndi bowa ndi lichens iwonso chitetezo mankhwala.

General Sherman Tree

Mu California (USA) anakhazikitsa National Park "Sequoia". gawo Aika - ndi "Forest Zimphona" - Grove wa mitengo yaikulu pa dziko. Pafupifupi Mwachitsanzo dzina yake. Pakati wotchuka General Sherman mtengo. Ndi chodabwitsa chabe. Sequoia "General Sherman" - mtengo waukulu mu dziko. Akukhulupirira kuti m'badwo wake ndi zaka 2300-2700. Msinkhu si pazipita kwa mitengo -. "Only" mamita 84, koma buku la chimphona, amapanga pafupifupi 1,500 kiyubiki mamita, ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 2,500 matani kuusandutsa waukulu chinthu moyo pa dziko.

Ndipo ichi si malire, chifukwa redwoods kukula kwa moyo. Ndipo iwo amafa ukalamba osati kuchuluka kwa kukula kwake chachikulu. Apo pakubwera kamphindi pamene mtengo sangathenso kugwira kulemera kwakukulu. Iye basi zimafunika. A "General Sherman" chikukulirakulirabe wowonjezera awiri ake pa chaka osachepera theka centimeter. Panopa, iye ndi 11,1 mamita!

Chotero mtengo waukulu amakopeka ndi wosiyana alendo. National Park "Sequoia" chaka chilichonse kukaona ndi zikwizikwi za anthu ofuna kuona zodabwitsa za dziko, kujambulidwa pafupi ndi iwo.

Dzina lake polemekeza ngwazi za

General Sherman, dzina lake polemekeza mtengo - US ngwazi yadziko. Pa Civil nkhondo, iye ankasangalala ngakhale wotchuka kwambiri kuposa General Grant. Machitidwe odziwika bwino kwambiri pansi pa utsogoleri wa Sherman anali kulimbana Atlanta, kenako analandira agonje kwa chitaganya Army, kutsogozedwa ndi Johnston. Mu 1869, m'malo General Grant monga US mkulu mphamvu wamkulu.

Mu 1879, zachilengedwe James Wolverton Township, pa Civil nkhondo anakagwira asilikali a Sherman ndi msilikali, wotchedwa mtengo waukulu kwambiri dzina la mkulu wokondedwa.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, achiwiri kukula mu dziko imatengedwa sequoia "General Grant".

zokopa paki

Kupatula "Giant Forest" alendo amakopeka ndi ngalande chipika. Mu 1937, kuwoloka msewu pabwalopo wagwa sequoia chimphona, kutchinga njira magalimoto. Kuti tidziwenso njira antchito paki anakakamizika kudula mu m'lifupi Njira ya 5 mamita ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 2.5 m. Wood anatsimikiza mtima kuti ayeretse, ndipo anakhala wa zokopa waukulu.

Pakati pa paki pali lubwe phiri Moro Rock, pamwamba limene masitepe. Pamwamba pa view zazikulu za lonse "zimphona nkhalango." Kukopa iwo ndi m'mapanga ambiri. Komabe, iwo atsekedwa kwa anthu, kupatula limodzi.

Wokongola paki ndi mitengo chachikulu tsopano akhoza. Kupitiriza mu zaka otsiriza chilala California wachititsa moto ambiri amene sangaime ngakhale redwoods amphamvu kwambiri. Kupanda chinyontho m'nthaka saphunzira zikamera wa zanthete. Mwatsoka, azaka zoposa izi zikhoza kutha ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi.